Lack of evolutionary convergence in multiple primary lung cancer suggests insufficient specificity of personalized therapy.

Multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) is an increasingly prevalent subtype of lung cancer. According to recent genomic studies, the different lesions of a single MPLC patient exhibit functional similarities that may reflect evolutionary convergence. We perform whole-exome sequencing for a unique cohort of MPLC patients with multiple samples from each lesion found. Using our own and other relevant public data, evolutionary tree reconstruction reveals that cancer driver gene mutations occurred at the early trunk, indicating evolutionary contingency rather than adaptive convergence. Additionally, tumors from the same MPLC patient are as genetically diverse as those from different patients, while within-tumor genetic heterogeneity is significantly lower. Furthermore, the aberrant molecular functions enriched in mutated genes for a sample show a strong overlap with other samples from the same tumor, but not with samples from other tumors or other patients. Overall, there is no evidence of adaptive convergence during the evolution of MPLC. Most importantly, the similar between-tumor diversity and between-patient diversity suggest that personalized therapies may not adequately account for the genetic diversity among different tumors in an MPLC patient. To fully exploit the strategic value of precision medicine, targeted therapies should be designed and delivered on a per-lesion basis.

Small nodules (≤ 6 mm in diameter) of multiple primary lung cancers: prevalence and management.

BACKGROUND: Synchronous multiple primary lung cancers associated with small non-dominant nodules are commonly encountered. However, the incidence, follow-up, and treatment of small non-dominant tumors have been but little studied. We explored the prevalence and management of small non-dominant tumors and factors associated with interval growth. METHODS: This observational, consecutive, retrospective single-center study enrolled patients diagnosed with synchronous multiple primary lung cancers and small non-dominant tumors (≤ 6 mm in diameter) who underwent resection of the dominant tumor. The incidence, follow-up, and management of small non-dominant tumors and predictors of nodule growth were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 88 patients (12% of all lung cancer patients) with pathological diagnoses of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers. A total of 131 (18%) patients were clinically diagnosed with at least one small (≤ 6 mm in diameter) multiple primary lung cancer non-dominant tumor. 94 patients with 125 small-nodule non-dominant tumors clinically diagnosed as multiple primary lung cancers were followed-up for at least 6 months. A total of 29 (29/125, 23.2%) evidenced small pulmonary nodules (≤ 6 mm in diameter) that exhibited interval growth on follow-up computed tomography (CT). On multivariate analysis, a part-solid nodule (compared to a pGGN) (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08-1.40) or a solid nodule (compared to a pGGN) (OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.94-6.30) predicted small nodule interval growth. CONCLUSION: We found a relatively high incidence of multiple primary lung cancers with small non-dominant tumors exhibiting interval growth on follow-up CT, suggesting that resection of non-dominant tumors at the time of dominant tumor resection, especially when the nodules are part-solid or solid, is the optimal treatment.

Learning curve of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: an analysis of the proficiency of 538 cases from a single centre.

OBJECTIVES: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) is widely used as a minimally invasive thoracic operation. The goal of our study was to analyse the effect of long-term experience with the UniVATS lobectomy on the learning curve. METHODS: The learning curves were quantitatively evaluated by the unadjusted cumulative sum, and they were segmented using joinpoint linear regression analysis. The variables were compared between subgroups using trend analysis, and linear regression analysis was applied to correlate clinical characteristics at different stages of the learning curve with the duration of the operation. RESULTS: The learning curve for the UniVATS lobectomy can be divided into 3 phases of proficiency at ∼200-300 procedures, with a fourth phase as the number of procedures increases. The 1st-52nd, 52nd-156th, 156th-244th and 244th-538th procedures comprised the preliminary learning stage, preliminary proficiency stage, proficiency stage and advanced proficiency stage, respectively. Surgical outcomes and their variability between stages improved with increasing case numbers, with the most significant addition of an auxiliary operating port and conversions. In multivariable analysis, as stages progressed, influences other than surgical experience increased the operative time, with male and extensive pleural adhesions in the preliminary proficiency stage; male and incomplete pulmonary fissures in the proficiency stage; and male, extensive pleural adhesions and incomplete pulmonary fissures in the advanced proficiency stage. CONCLUSIONS: As the number of procedures increases, there may be 4 different proficiency stages in the UniVATS lobectomy learning curve. The surgeon enters the fourth stage at approximately the 244th procedure. Moreover, at stage 4, the perioperative indicators tend to stabilize, and influences other than surgical experience become more significant.

Cd-MOF: specific adsorption selectivity for linear alkyne (propyne, 2-butyne and phenylacetylene) molecules.

The selective adsorption of APPT-Cd-MOF 1 for propyne, 2-butyne and phenylacetylene was confirmed by single-crystal analysis. In addition, the selective adsorption performance of Cd-MOF for C3H4/C3H6/C3H8 was investigated. The matching of the functionality and size/shape between porous materials and guest molecules clarified the specific recognition of 1 for linear alkyne molecules.

Decline of three farmland pest species in rapidly urbanizing landscapes.

Urbanization is a pressing challenge for earth's humans because it is changing not only natural environments but also agricultural lands. Yet, the consequences of cropland loss on pest insect populations that largely depend on these habitats remain largely unclear. We used a 17-year data set to investigate the dynamics of three moth pest species (i.e., striped stem borer, yellow stem borer, and pink stem borer) and their driving forces across the largest mega-urban region of China. Total abundance of three pest species is declined by about 80%, which was strongly associated with cropland loss during rapid urbanization. Our findings indicate that not only the increasing conversion of natural areas to human-dominated landscapes but also that of agricultural lands to urban landscapes can be critical to insect populations. It is therefore essential to monitor and understand the insect dynamics in rapidly urbanizing regions, which are currently found in many developing countries worldwide.

Long-term seasonal forecasting of a major migrant insect pest: the brown planthopper in the Lower Yangtze River Valley.

Rice planthoppers and associated virus diseases have become the most important pests threatening food security in China and other Asian countries, incurring costs of hundreds of millions of US dollars annually in rice losses, and in expensive, environmentally harmful, and often futile control efforts. The most economically damaging species, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The interaction of these waves of migrants and synoptic weather patterns, driven by the semi-permanent western Pacific subtropical high-pressure (WPSH) system, is of critical importance in forecasting the timing and intensity of immigration events and determining the seriousness of subsequent planthopper build-up in the rice crop. We analysed a 26-year data set from a standardised light trap network in Southern China, showing that planthopper aerial transport and concentration processes are associated with the characteristics (strength and position) of the WPSH in the year concerned. Then, using N. lugens abundance in source areas and indices of WPSH intensity or related sea surface temperature anomalies, we developed a model to predict planthopper numbers immigrating into the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze Valley. We also demonstrate that these WPSH-related climatic indices combined with early-season planthopper catches can be used to forecast, several months in advance, the severity of that season's N. lugens infestations (the correlation between model predictions and outcomes was 0.59), thus allowing time for effective control measures to be implemented.

[Ag-Ag]2+ Unit-Encapsulated Trimetallic Cages: One-Pot Syntheses and Modulation of Argentophilic Interactions by the Uncoordinated Substituents.

Four [Ag-Ag]2+ unit-encapsulated trimetallic cages 1-4 were synthesized from one new tripodal ligand L and silver salts in different solvent systems by a one-pot method. The formation of coordination cages occurred simultaneously with the condensation of amino groups and ketone. The remarkable structural feature of cages 1-4 is their spontaneous incorporation of [Ag-Ag]2+ cationic units. Moreover, the argentophilic interactions are modulated by the uncoordinated amino substituents. The study herein shows that modification and subtle changes of the cage structures could be realized by a one-pot synthetic method.

ESIPT-Modulated Emission of Lanthanide Complexes: Different Energy-Transfer Pathways and Multiple Responses.

Two series of isostructural lanthanide coordination complexes, namely, LIFM-42(Ln) (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, in which LIFM stands for the Lehn Institute of Functional Materials) and LIFM-43(Ln) (Ln=Er, Yb), were synthesized through the self-assembly of an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligand, 5-[2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]isophthalic acid (H2 hpi2cf), with different lanthanide ions. In the coordination structures linked by the ligands and oxo-bridged LnIII 2 clusters (for LIFM-42(Ln) series) or isolated LnIII ions (for LIFM-43(Ln) series), the ESIPT ligand can serve as both the host and antenna for protecting and sensitizing the photoluminescence (PL) of LnIII ions. Meanwhile, the -OH⋅⋅⋅N active sites on the ligands are vacant, which provides availability to systematically explore the PL behavior of Ln complexes with ESIPT interference. Based on the accepting levels of different lanthanide ions, energy transfer can occur from the T1 (K*) or T1 (E*) (K*=excited keto form, E*=excited enol form) excited states of the ligand. Furthermore, the sensitized lanthanide luminescence in both visible and near-infrared regions, as well as the remaining K* emission of the ligand, can be modulated by the ESIPT responsiveness to different solvents, anions, and temperature.

Increasing plant diversity with border crops reduces insecticide use and increases crop yield in urban agriculture.

Urban agriculture is making an increasing contribution to food security in large cities around the world. The potential contribution of biodiversity to ecological intensification in urban agricultural systems has not been investigated. We present monitoring data collected from rice fields in 34 community farms in mega-urban Shanghai, China, from 2001 to 2015, and show that the presence of a border crop of soybeans and neighboring crops (maize, eggplant and Chinese cabbage), both without weed control, increased invertebrate predator abundance, decreased the abundance of pests and dependence on insecticides, and increased grain yield and economic profits. Two 2 year randomized experiments with the low and high diversity practices in the same locations confirmed these results. Our study shows that diversifying farming practices can make an important contribution to ecological intensification and the sustainable use of associated ecosystem services in an urban ecosystem.

Synthesis, structures and photophysical properties of two regioisomeric phenalenocarbazoles.

Two regioisomeric phenalenocarbazoles have been synthesized by direct reductive cyclization of 2'-Nitrophenyl-pyrene isomers respectively. Their photophysical properties and crystal structures as well as CV properties were investigated and compared with those of sulfur containing analogues. Although the fluorescence emission properties of 1N are very similar with those of 2N, the HOMO energy level of 1N is 0.16eV higher than that of 2N indicating that 1N has better electron donating ability.

Synthesis and characterization of two novel bimetallic macrocyclic complexes generated from 1,2,4-triazole-containing semi-rigid ligands and M(NO3)2 units (M = Ni and Zn).

Bimetallic macrocyclic complexes have attracted the attention of chemists and various organic ligands have been used as molecular building blocks, but supramolecular complexes based on semi-rigid organic ligands containing 1,2,4-triazole have remained rare until recently. It is easier to obtain novel topologies by making use of asymmetric semi-rigid ligands in the self-assembly process than by making use of rigid ligands. A new semi-rigid ligand, 3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (L), has been synthesized and used to generate two novel bimetallic macrocycle complexes, namely bis{µ-3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine}bis[(methanol-κO)(nitrato-κ(2)O,O')nickel(II)] dinitrate, [Ni2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (I), and bis{µ-3-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-5-(quinolin-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine}bis[(methanol-κO)(nitrato-κ(2)O,O')zinc(II)] dinitrate, [Zn2(NO3)2(C17H14N6S)2(CH3OH)2](NO3)2, (II), by solution reactions with the inorganic salts M(NO3)2 (M = Ni and Zn, respectively) in mixed solvents. In (I), two Ni(II) cations with the same coordination environment are linked by L ligands through Ni-N bonds to form a bimetallic ring. Compound (I) is extended into a two-dimensional network in the crystallographic ac plane via N-H...O, O-H...N and O-H...O hydrogen bonds, and neighbouring two-dimensional planes are parallel and form a three-dimensional structure via π-π stacking. Compound (II) contains two bimetallic rings with the same coordination environment of the Zn(II) cations. The Zn(II) cations are bridged by L ligands through Zn-N bonds to form the bimetallic rings. One type of bimetallic ring constructs a one-dimensional nanotube via O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds along the crystallographic a direction, and the other constructs zero-dimensional molecular cages via O-H...O and N-H...O hydrogen bonds. They are interlinked into a two-dimensional network in the ac plane through extensive N-H...O hydrogen bonds, and a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is formed via π-π interactions between the centroids of the benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems.

Syntheses and structures of one CuI-containing coordination polymer and two macrocyclic supramolecular complexes based on flexible 1,3,4-oxadiazole-containing ligands.

Three coordination complexes with Cu(I) centres have been prepared using the symmetrical flexible organic ligands 1,3-bis{[5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}propane (L1) and 1,4-bis{[5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}butane (L2). Crystallization of L1 with Cu(SO3CF3)2 and of L2 with Cu(BF4)2 and Cu(ClO4)2 in a CH2Cl2/CH3OH mixed-solvent system at room temperature afforded the coordination complexes catena-poly[[copper(I)-µ-1,3-bis{[5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}propane] methanesulfonate dichloromethane 0.6-solvate], {[Cu(C25H18N6O2S2)](CF3SO3)·0.6CH2Cl2}n, (I), bis(µ-1,4-bis{[5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}butane)dicopper(I) bis(tetrafluoridoborate)-dichloromethane-methanol (1/1.5/1), [Cu2(C26H20N6O2S2)2](BF4)2·1.5CH2Cl2·CH3OH, (II), and bis(µ-1,4-bis{[5-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}butane)dicopper(I) bis(perchlorate)-dichloromethane-methanol (1/2/1), [Cu2(C26H20N6O2S2)2](ClO4)2·2CH2Cl2·CH3OH, (III). Under the control of the dumbbell-shaped CF3SO3(-) anion, complex (I) forms a one-dimensional chain and neighbouring chains form a spiral double chain. Under the control of the regular tetrahedron-shaped BF4(-) and ClO4(-) anions, complexes (II) and (III) have been obtained as bimetallic rings, which further interact via π-π interactions to form two-dimensional networks. The anions play a decisive role in determining the arrangement of these discrete molecular complexes in the solid state.

Two different one-dimensional supramolecular chains formed from the reaction of 2-[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinoline with two different precursors, Co(NO3)2 and CoCl2.

Two different one-dimensional supramolecular chains with Co(II) cations have been synthesized based on the semi-rigid ligand 2-[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinoline (L), obtained by condensation of 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoline and 4-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. Starting from different Co(II) salts, two new compounds have been obtained, viz. catena-poly[[[dinitratocobalt(II)]-µ-2-[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinoline] dichloromethane monosolvate acetonitrile monosolvate], {[Co(NO3)2(C22H16N4)]·CH2Cl2·CH3CN}n, (I) and catena-poly[[[dichloridocobalt(II)]-µ-2-[1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinoline] methanol disolvate], {[CoCl2(C22H16N4)]·2CH3OH}n, (II). In (I), the Co(II) centres lie in a distorted octahedral [CoN3O3] coordination environment. {Co(NO3)2L}n units form one-dimensional helical chains, where the L ligand has different directions of twist. The helical chains stack together via interchain π-π interactions to form a two-dimensional sheet, and another type of π-π interaction further connects neighbouring sheets into a three-dimensional framework with hexagonal channels, in which the acetonitrile molecules and disordered dichloromethane molecules are located. In (II), the Co(II) centres lie in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal [CoCl2N3] coordination environment. {CoCl2L}n units form one-dimensional chains. The chains interact via C-H···π and C-H···Cl interactions. The result is that two-dimensional sheets are generated, which are further linked into a three-dimensional framework via interlayer C-H···Cl interactions. When viewed down the crystallographic b axis, the methanol solvent molecules are located in an orderly manner in wave-like channels.

Outbreaks of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) in the Yangtze River Delta: immigration or local reproduction?

An effective control strategy for migratory pests is difficult to implement because the cause of infestation (i.e., immigration or local reproduction) is often not established. In particular, the outbreak mechanisms of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), an insect causing massive losses in rice fields in the Yangtze River Delta in China, are frequently unclear. Field surveys of N. lugens were performed in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in 2008 to 2010 and related historical data from 2003 onwards were collected and analyzed to clarify the cause of these infestations. Results showed that outbreaks of N. lugens in the Yangtze River Delta were mostly associated with an extremely high increase in population. Thus, reproduction rather than immigration from distant sources were the cause of the infestations. Although mass migration occurred late in the season (late August and early September), the source areas of N. lugens catches in the Yangtze River Delta were mainly located in nearby areas, including the Yangtze River Delta itself, Anhui and northern Jiangxi Provinces. These regions collectively form the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the late migration can thus be considered as an internal bioflow within one population.

The coordination chemistry of two symmetric double-armed oxadiazole-bridged organic ligands with copper salts.

Two new symmetric double-armed oxadiazole-bridged ligands, 4-methyl-{5-[5-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenyl pyridine-3-carboxylate (L1) and 4-methyl-{5-[5-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenyl pyridine-4-carboxylate (L2), were prepared by the reaction of 2,5-bis(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole with nicotinoyl chloride and isonicotinoyl chloride, respectively. Ligand L1 can be used as an organic clip to bind Cu(II) cations and generate a molecular complex, bis(4-methyl-{5-[5-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenyl pyridine-3-carboxylate)bis(perchlorato)copper(II), [Cu(ClO4)2(C28H20N4O5)2], (I). In compound (I), the Cu(II) cation is located on an inversion centre and is hexacoordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry, with the pyridine N atoms of two L1 ligands in the equatorial positions and two weakly coordinating perchlorate counter-ions in the axial positions. The two arms of the L1 ligands bend inward and converge at the Cu(II) coordination point to give rise to a spirometallocycle. Ligand L2 binds Cu(I) cations to generate a supramolecule, diacetonitriledi-µ3-iodido-di-µ2-iodido-bis(4-methyl-{5-[5-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenyl pyridine-4-carboxylate)tetracopper(I), [Cu4I4(CH3CN)2(C28H20N4O5)2], (II). The asymmetric unit of (II) indicates that it contains two Cu(I) atoms, one L2 ligand, one acetonitrile ligand and two iodide ligands. Both of the Cu(I) atoms are four-coordinated in an approximately tetrahedral environment. The molecule is centrosymmetric and the four I atoms and four Cu(I) atoms form a rope-ladder-type [Cu4I4] unit. Discrete units are linked into one-dimensional chains through π-π interactions.

cyclo-Tetra-kis{µ-N'-[(8-oxidoquinolin-7-yl)methyl-idene]isonicotino-hydrazidato}tetra-zinc tetra-hydrate.

In the title compound, [Zn(4)(C(16)H(10)N(4)O(2))(4)]·4H(2)O, the N'-[(8-oxidoquinolin-7-yl)methyl-idene]isonicotinohydrazidate (L(2-)) ligand binds to the metal ions, forming stable five- and six-membered chelate rings, leaving the pyridyl groups free. The compound is a tetra-nuclear Zn(II) complex centered about a fourfold roto-inversion axis, with the ligand coordinating in the doubly deprotonated form. The Zn(II) atom has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry being coordinated by one N and two O-atom donors from the doubly deprotonated L(2-) ligand, and by one N atom and one O-atom donor from a symmetry-related L(2-) ligand. In the crystal, four symmetry-related lattice water mol-ecules, centred about a fourfold roto-inversion axis, form a cyclic tetra-mer through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These tetra-mers connect to the complex mol-ecules through O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a chain propagating along [100]. Neighbouring mol-ecules are linked by π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.660 (2) Å] involving the quinolidine rings.

Bis(µ-4,4;6,6-bis-(biphenyl-2,2'-diyldi-oxy)-2,2-bis-{2-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phen-oxy}cyclo-triphosphazene)di-µ-chlorido-bis-[chlorido-copper(II)].

In the crystal of the title compound, [Cu(2)Cl(4)(C(50)H(32)N(9)O(8)P(3))(2)], the binuclear mol-ecule is located across an inversion center. Each Cu(2+) cation is coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from symmetry-related 4,4;6,6-bis-(biphenyl-2,2'-diyldi-oxy)-2,2-bis-{2-[5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phen-oxy}cyclo-triphosphazene (L) ligands, a pair of bridging Cl(-) anions and a terminal Cl(-) anion, forming a distorted CuCl(3)N(2) square-pyramidal geometry. Weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O and inter-molecular C-H⋯N inter-actions occur in the crystal.

Adsorption and separation of organic six-membered ring analogues on neutral Cd(II)-MOF generated from asymmetric schiff-base ligand.

A new CdL(2)-MOF was synthesized based on an asymmetric Schiff-base ligand LH, which is obtained by condensation of 5-formyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrazide. A series of organic six-membered ring analogues, namely, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, benzene, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, can be absorbed by the CdL(2) porous framework in liquid-phase to generate G(n)⊂CdL(2) (n = 1 and 2) host-guest complexes. In addition, the CdL(2) host framework displays different affinity for these six-membered ring substrates and can effectively separate them under mild conditions (i.e., 1, 4-dioxane > cyclohexane > cyclohexene and benzene > cyclohexanone > cyclohexanol). The empty CdL(2) displays strong green-yellow emission. Furthermore, these host-guest systems show an interesting guest-driven luminescent emission, and the emission intensities of these guest-loaded complexes are effectively reduced.

Poly[[{mu(4)-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzoato}zinc(II)] hemihydrate]: a novel two-dimensional framework formed by self-association of zinc(II) sulfate with 3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzoic acid.

The title novel two-dimensional coordination polymer, {[Zn(2)(C(10)H(8)N(3)O(2))(4)].H(2)O}(n), features a {Zn(2)L(2)} bimetallic ring repeat unit {L is the 3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzoate ligand}. Each Zn(II) cation of the bimetallic ring is further bonded to two other L ligands, resulting in a novel infinite two-dimensional network structure with two channels of different sizes. The crystallographically unique Zn(II) atom is thus six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment of four carboxylate O atoms and two triazole N atoms. Two of these networks interpenetrate in an orthogonal arrangement to form the full three-dimensional framework, with disordered water molecules located in the channels.

Poly[[{µ(2)-3-[(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)meth-yl]benzoato}cadmium(II)] 0.1-hydrate].

In the title polymeric compound, {[Cd(C(15)H(11)N(2)O(2))(2)]·0.1H(2)O}(n), the Cd(II) atom is coordinated by four carboxyl-ate O atoms and two benzimidazole N atoms from four benzimidazolylmethyl-benzoate anions in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. Each anion bridges two Cd atoms through the terminal carboxyl-ate group and an imidazole N atom, forming polymeric complex chains running along the b axis. The uncoordinated water mol-ecule is equally disordered over two sites; occupancies were fixed as 0.5 for each disordered component. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding is present in the crystal structure.