ABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders/complications , Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders/diagnosis , Postural Balance/physiology , Gait/physiology , Gait Ataxia/epidemiology , Gait Ataxia/prevention & control , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Mental Health/standardsABSTRACT
Introducción. El envejecimiento se ha asociado con una mayor prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo, el cual se ha relacionado con alteraciones del equilibrio o trastornos de la marcha. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar si existen diferencias entre sujetos sin y con deterioro cognitivo en cuanto a la calidad de la marcha y el equilibrio. Material y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional en ancianos institucionalizados mayores de 65 años (n = 82). Tras evaluar el deterioro cognitivo con el Mini Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE), se evaluaron las alteraciones en la marcha y el equilibrio con el test de la marcha de 6 min, medición de la zancada, velocidad de la marcha y la prueba cronometrada «Levántate y Anda». Resultados. Se distribuyeron los participantes en 3 grupos: 28 en el grupo sin deterioro cognitivo (MMSE ≥ 27), 29 con deterioro leve (27 < MMSE ≤ 21) y 26 con deterioro moderado (MMSE < 21). Las variables de marcha mostraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en todas las variables analizadas (p < 0,05). Las variables de equilibrio evaluadas mostraron peores resultados asociados a la severidad del deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión. La severidad del deterioro cognitivo se encuentra relacionada con las alteraciones del equilibrio y la marcha, por lo que es necesario el seguimiento clínico de estas variables en población en riesgo (AU)
Background. Ageing has been linked to a high prevalence of cognitive impairment, which, in turn, has been related to balance disturbances and gait disorders. The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between subjects with and without cognitive impairment regarding the quality of gait and balance. Material and methods. An observational study was conducted on institutionalised people older than 65 years (n = 82). Gait and balance was evaluated after the assessment of cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Single and dual tests were used including, the 6-minute walking, stride length, and gait speed. Timed Up and Go tests were also used to evaluate balance. Results. he participants were divided into three groups: 28 subjects in the group without cognitive impairment (MMSE ≥ 27), 29 subjects with mild (27 < MMSE ≤ 21) and 26 subjects with moderate cognitive impairment (MMSE < 21). Gait assessment showed significant between-groups differences in all the variables (P < .05). The variables assessing balance also showed significantly worse values in those groups with cognitive impairment. Conclusion. The severity of cognitive impairment is related to impaired balance and gait, thus the clinical monitoring of these variables in population at risk is needed (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Gait/physiology , Gait Ataxia/complications , Gait Ataxia/prevention & control , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/epidemiology , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Postural Balance/physiology , Old Age Assistance , Frail Elderly/psychology , /organization & administration , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/prevention & control , Gait Disorders, Neurologic/psychology , /standards , Risk Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is caused by CAG/CAA repeat expansion on the gene encoding a general transcription factor, TATA-box-binding protein (TBP). The CAG repeat expansion leads to the reduced solubility of polyglutamine TBP and induces aggregate formation. The TBP aggregation, mostly present in the cell nuclei, is distinct from that in most other neurodegenerative diseases, in which the aggregation is formed in cytosol or extracellular compartments. Trehalose is a disaccharide issued by the Food and Drug Administration with a Generally Recognized As Safe status. Lines of evidence suggest trehalose could prevent protein aggregate formation in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of trehalose on SCA17 using cerebellar primary and organotypic culture systems and a mouse model. Our results showed that TBP nuclear aggregation was significantly decreased in both the primary and slice cultures. Trehalose (4 %) was further supplied in the drinking water of SCA17 transgenic mice. We found both the gait behavior in the footprint analysis and motor coordination in the rotarod task were significantly improved in the trehalose-treated SCA17 mice. The cerebellar weight was increased and the astrocyte gliosis was reduced in SCA17 mice after trehalose treatment. These data suggest that trehalose could be a potential nontoxic treatment for SCA17.
Subject(s)
Gait Ataxia/prevention & control , Gliosis/prevention & control , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/physiopathology , Trehalose/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Weight/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Purkinje Cells/drug effectsABSTRACT
Although gait changes are considered as reliable indices of stroke severity and efficacy of rehabilitative therapies in humans, data from animal models of focal ischemia are lacking. To determine the effect of stroke on gait function in adult rats with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we assessed the longitudinal changes in gait using an automated computer-assisted gait analysis system. Four days after MCAO, intensity, maximal area of contact, and paw angle were significantly decreased in the affected forepaw whereas the double support time using ipsilateral paws increased. Relative print positions between the fore and hindpaws and limb coupling were also altered, suggesting that stroke affected sensorimotor status and reduced limb coordination. Except for paw angle, these impairments persisted for at least 5 weeks. However, unlike human stroke patients, stride length and stance were not affected in rats with MCAO. Environmental enrichment for 4 weeks improved paw contact area and relative print position of the affected limb and reduced double support time in ischemic rats compared with controls. Our results indicate that gait analysis provides great insight into various aspects of motor function changes in ischemic quadrupeds, and that environmental enrichment is beneficial in reducing a variety of poststroke gait impairments possibly through enhanced structural plasticity mechanisms within injured cortical neuronal networks underlying locomotor function.
