ABSTRACT
Due to their susceptibility to degradation, vitamin levels in food formulations may differ from those found in the finished product. Vitamin levels can be impacted by processing and storage. In this work, the ingredients of Strong B50 ® film-coated tablets were estimated simultaneously using simple efficient stability indicating HPLC method. Strong B50 ® film-coated tablets contain thiamine (VB1), riboflavin (VB2), calcium pantothenate (VB5), pyridoxine (VB6), vitamin C (VC), folic acid (FA), biotin (BT), inositol (IS), niacin (NC), para-aminobenzoic acid (PB), cyanocobalamine (B12), choline bitartarate, and iron gluconate. Hypersil BDS C18 column was used for achieving reasonable separation. Mobile phases (A) and (B) were utilized, the mobile phase (A) consisted of 0.015 M Hexane sulfonic acid sodium salt + 0.1 % Triethylamine and orthophosphoric acid was used to adjust the pH to (2.9) while (B) system consisted of acetonitrile. Validation of the method was assessed using International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) parameters, where linearity, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness of the method were investigated. Correlations were above 0.99, accuracy results ranged from 97.6 to 102.8 % and limits for detection and quantitation (LOD and LOQ) values were determined for each vitamin in µg/mL except for FA and BT in ng/mL. LOD values were between 0.006 and 15.08 µg/mL while LOQ values ranged from 0.031 to 49.77 µg/mL. Stability studies were conducted under stressed conditions and degradation percentages were computed. Where, VB5, VB6, FA and PB, VC, and NC were the most degradable vitamins. Whiteness evaluation using the modern RGB 12 algorithm compared our method and the old reported one by Sasaki et al., 2020. The comparison favored our newly developed method in terms of analytical performance, practical applicability and greenness. Besides, AGREE and GAPI soft wares were used to assess the greenness of the method. It was clear that the results of colored pictograms confirm low hazardous impact and that the new method is greener with AGREE score of 0.66. Furthermore, the functionality and applicability of the novel HPLC approach were concluded via the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) tool with a final score of 82.5.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Vitamins , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Vitamins/analysis , Vitamins/chemistry , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Drug Stability , Tablets , Limit of DetectionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vitamins are micronutrients that are required for normal growth and development of living organisms. However, due to their various chemical properties (e.g., acid-base behavior, the presence of numerous forms) and fluctuating concentration levels within complex matrices, simultaneous analysis of multi-class vitamins, including their active forms, is a challenging task. The growing nutrient shortage in foods is concerning for food consumers, manufacturers, and quality control organizations. Hence, a simple, fast, and greener approach that can simultaneously analyze multi-class vitamins is required to aid food testing and clinical laboratories in evaluating vitamin content more rapidly and accurately. RESULTS: A green and rapid analytical method based on online two-dimensional microscale carbon fiber/activated carbon fiber fractionation-mass spectrometry (2DµCFs-MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of vitamins (water- and fat-soluble vitamins and some analogs) in food supplements and fortified energy drinks. Vitamins have been successfully separated into three different fractions using the minimum toxic solvent (only 0.7 mL of organic solvent) in a single run within 6 min. The limit of detection (LOD) ranges from 0.1 to 10.4 ng/mL, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) ranges from 0.39 to 34.5 ng/mL. The method also showed adequate repeatability and intermediate precision, with RSD<10 % and R2 > 0.99 for most vitamins. The analytical method was evaluated in terms of greenness, with an analytical greenness (AGREE) score of 0.68. SIGNIFICANCE: The 2DµCFs-MS system was developed to separate and detect multi-class vitamins simultaneously, which can be used as a beneficial tool to investigate vitamin content for food labeling and determining the vitamins in biological fluids and other complex samples. The developed method can tackle the challenge of simultaneous and fast routine analysis of multi-class vitamins.
Subject(s)
Vitamins , Water , Water/chemistry , Vitamins/analysis , Vitamins/chemistry , Dietary Supplements/analysis , Nutrients , Solvents/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of 10% alphatocopherol on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth subjected to tooth bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and immediately restored with composite resin. Fifty bovine incisors were selected, including 10 sound teeth that constituted the control group (G1 (C)). The remaining 40 teeth, which were endodontically treated, were divided into four groups (n = 10): G2 (CR), consisting of teeth immediately restored with composite resin; G3 (HP + CR), consisting of teeth subjected to tooth bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide and immediately restored with composite resin; G4 (HP + SA + CR), which received treatment similar to that used for G3, but with 10% sodium ascorbate gel applied after the bleaching protocol; and G5 (HP + AT + CR), which was similar to G4 but included 10% alphatocopherol gel as an antioxidant. After 24 h, composite restorations were performed, and teeth were subjected to a fracture resistance test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min in an electromechanical testing machine. The axial force was applied with an angle of incidence of 135° relative to the long axis of the root. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). G1 exhibited the highest fracture resistance (p < 0.05). No significant differences among the other experimental groups were observed. The 10% sodium ascorbate and 10% alphatocopherol gels did not improve the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth subjected to bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tooth Bleaching/adverse effects , Tooth Fractures/prevention & control , Vitamins/chemistry , Tooth, Nonvital/drug therapy , alpha-Tocopherol/chemistry , Dental Restoration, Permanent/adverse effects , Ascorbic Acid/chemistry , Time Factors , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Analysis of Variance , Composite Resins/chemistry , Tooth Bleaching Agents/chemistry , Gels , Hydrogen Peroxide/chemistryABSTRACT
Se hace una revisión sobre las vitaminas, analizando sus acciones diferentes a las nutricionales o revitalizadoras como tradicionalmente se han considerado. Se revisan sus funciones como mediadores de las reacciones bioquímicas del organismo, como primeros mensajeros de la información biológica, como moduladores de la respuesta inmune, como factores de diferenciación, etc., dependiendo de las dosis y esquemas terapéuticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamins/chemistry , Vitamins/immunology , Vitamins/metabolism , Vitamins/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Actualiza los conocimientos, además muestra los adelantos en: biosíntesis de oligosacáridos, factores de crecimiento, receptores del sistema nervioso, coagulación de la sangre, membranas y bases moleculares de la inmunidad
Subject(s)
Humans , Biology/education , Enzymes/chemistry , Antibody Formation/physiology , Glucose/metabolism , Hormones/biosynthesis , Immunity/physiology , Lipids/metabolism , Proteins/biosynthesis , Protoporphyrins/biosynthesis , Chemistry, Organic/education , Vitamins/biosynthesis , Nucleic Acids/metabolism , Enzymes/physiology , Glucose/biosynthesis , Glucose/chemistry , Hormones , Lipids/biosynthesis , Lipids/chemistry , Proteins/chemistry , Protoporphyrins/metabolism , Vitamins/chemistry , Vitamins/therapeutic use , Nucleic Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
Actualiza los conocimientos, además muestra los adelantos en: biosíntesis de oligosacáridos, factores de crecimiento, receptores del sistema nervioso, coagulación de la sangre, membranas y bases moleculares de la inmunidad