Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA.

We present our current best estimate of the plausible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next several years, with the intention of providing information to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals for the third (O3), fourth (O4) and fifth observing (O5) runs, including the planned upgrades of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. We study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source for gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary systems of compact objects, that is binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems. The ability to localize the sources is given as a sky-area probability, luminosity distance, and comoving volume. The median sky localization area (90% credible region) is expected to be a few hundreds of square degrees for all types of binary systems during O3 with the Advanced LIGO and Virgo (HLV) network. The median sky localization area will improve to a few tens of square degrees during O4 with the Advanced LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA (HLVK) network. During O3, the median localization volume (90% credible region) is expected to be on the order of 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 Mpc 3 for binary neutron star, neutron star-black hole, and binary black hole systems, respectively. The localization volume in O4 is expected to be about a factor two smaller than in O3. We predict a detection count of 1 - 1 + 12 ( 10 - 10 + 52 ) for binary neutron star mergers, of 0 - 0 + 19 ( 1 - 1 + 91 ) for neutron star-black hole mergers, and 17 - 11 + 22 ( 79 - 44 + 89 ) for binary black hole mergers in a one-calendar-year observing run of the HLV network during O3 (HLVK network during O4). We evaluate sensitivity and localization expectations for unmodeled signal searches, including the search for intermediate mass black hole binary mergers.

GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M_{⊙}.

On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85_{-14}^{+21} M_{⊙} and 66_{-18}^{+17} M_{⊙} (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 M_{⊙}. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142_{-16}^{+28} M_{⊙}, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4} Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82_{-0.34}^{+0.28}. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13_{-0.11}^{+0.30} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.

Search for Subsolar Mass Ultracompact Binaries in Advanced LIGO's Second Observing Run.

We present a search for subsolar mass ultracompact objects in data obtained during Advanced LIGO's second observing run. In contrast to a previous search of Advanced LIGO data from the first observing run, this search includes the effects of component spin on the gravitational waveform. We identify no viable gravitational-wave candidates consistent with subsolar mass ultracompact binaries with at least one component between 0.2 M_{⊙}-1.0 M_{⊙}. We use the null result to constrain the binary merger rate of (0.2 M_{⊙}, 0.2 M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 3.7×10^{5} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} and the binary merger rate of (1.0 M_{⊙}, 1.0 M_{⊙}) binaries to be less than 5.2×10^{3} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}. Subsolar mass ultracompact objects are not expected to form via known stellar evolution channels, though it has been suggested that primordial density fluctuations or particle dark matter with cooling mechanisms and/or nuclear interactions could form black holes with subsolar masses. Assuming a particular primordial black hole (PBH) formation model, we constrain a population of merging 0.2 M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 16% of the dark matter density and a population of merging 1.0 M_{⊙} black holes to account for less than 2% of the dark matter density. We discuss how constraints on the merger rate and dark matter fraction may be extended to arbitrary black hole population models that predict subsolar mass binaries.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis GP60 subtypes worldwide / Caracterización molecular de los subtipos de la GP60 de Cryptosporidium parvum y Cryptosporidium hominis alrededor del mundo

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic parasite very important in animal health as well as in public health. It is because this is one of the main causes of diarrhea in children, calves, lambs and other variety of youth mammalians in a lot of countries. The globalization has enabled the exchange of biological material in different regions worldwide, encouraging the spread of diseases and exposure to these biological agents to different environmental conditions, inducing adaptation through genetic changes. Based in the polymorphism of the gene for GP60, this review intended to present the distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in humans and calves worldwide. The subtype that affects cattle more frequently corresponds to IIaA15G2R; while the subtype most frequently isolated from human samples is IaA19G2.

RESUMEN Cryptosporidium es un parásito zoonótico muy importante en salud animal así como en salud pública. Esto se debe a que el parásito se constituye en una de las principales causas de diarrea en niños, terneros, corderos y una gran variedad de mamíferos jóvenes en una gran cantidad de países. Debido a que la globalización ha permitido el intercambio de material biológico en diferentes regiones alrededor del mundo, se ha favorecido la propagación de enfermedades y se han expuesto a los agentes biológicos a diferentes condiciones ambientales, induciendo así la adaptación a través de cambios genéticos. Con base en el polimorfismo del gen GP60, esta revisión pretende presentar la distribución de Cryptosporidium parvum y Cryptosporidium hominis en humanos y terneros alrededor del mundo. El subtipo que afecta con mayor frecuencia al ganado vacuno corresponde a IIaA15G2R1; en tanto que el subtipo aislado con mayor frecuencia a partir de las muestras humanas es IaA19G2.

Emociones de los adolescentes internados en un centro de orientación juvenil. Córdoba ­ Colombia / Emotions of adolescents inside in a youth guide center. Cordoba - Colombia

Objetivo. Identificar las emociones que tienen los adolescentes acerca de su internación en el Centro de Orientación Juvenil. Materiales y métodos. Utilizando metodologíascualitativas, seabordóprevioconsentimiento informado de la institución, de los cuidadores profesionales y de los 16 adolescentes internados se aplicó mediante entrevista directa un instrumento semiestructurado validado por la experiencia y un diario de campo para consignar las relaciones de las respuestas verbales con las no verbales. Mediante análisis documentado las 34 expresiones semánticas se agruparon por semejanza de contenidos hasta obtener las 4 categorías de interés para el estudio. Resultados. Los adolescentes tienen emociones positivas con respecto a su internación, consideran que ésta le ofrece seguridad personal, confianza y satisfacción de sus necesidades básicas cotidianas. En la categoría de relaciones interpersonales con los pares propia de la esfera personal-social del adolescente se identificó la presencia de emociones negativas o displacenteras entre quienes tenían historia personal de carencias afectivas; por el contrario entre quienes tenían antecedentes afectivos previos manifestaron mejores relaciones con los pares a quienes llegan a considerar como parte de sus familias. Conclusiones. La internación de adolescentes puede alterar la dimensión emocional en el campo personal- social de quienes no han tenido vínculos afectivos previos

Objective. To identify the emotions that adolescents have about your stay in the Youth Guidance Center. Materials and methods. Using qualitative methods, consent was addressed was informed of the institution, professional caregivers and los16 hospitalized adolescents was applied by direct interview a semistructured instrument validated by experience and a field diary to record the relations of verbal responses with no verbal. Documented analyses using the 34 semantic expressions were grouped by similarity of content until 4 categories of interest to the study. Results. Teenagers have positive emotions regarding your stay; they consider this offer personal security, confidence and satisfaction of their daily basic needs. In the category of interpersonal relationships with peers own personal-social sphere adolescent the presence of negative or unpleasurable emotions among those with personal history of emotional deprivation identified; on the contrary among those with affective previous history they showed better relationships with peers who come to consider as part of their families. Conclusions. The internment of adolescents apparently alters the emotional dimension in the social field staff who have not had previous emotional ties.

¿Es la grasa abdominal subcutánea un predictor de la variabilidad cardíaca en hombres con bajo riesgo metabólico? / Is the abdominal subcutaneous fat a predictor of heart rate variability in men with low metabolic risk?

Introducción: Aunque el sobrepeso/obesidad, adiposidad aumentada e inactividad física se asocian a menor variabilidad cardíaca y desregulación autonómica, no se ha explorado en detalle la relación entre estos factores en sujetos de bajo riesgo metabólico. Objetivo: Analizar el tipo y fuerza de asociación entre la variabilidad cardíaca en reposo y la adiposidad en hombres jóvenes, delgados y físicamente activos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se analizaron los componentes espectrales de la variabilidad cardíaca en 24 hombres de 18-30 años físicamente activos, con peso y adiposidad normales. Se realizaron análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para explicar la variabilidad cardíaca en función de la relación cintura/cadera, pliegue abdominal y actividad física. Resultados: El volumen de actividad física semanal se relacionó positivamente con RMSSD y HF, y negativamente con LF y LF/HF. La relación cintura/cadera y el pliegue abdominal se relacionaron positivamente con HF y negativamente con LF y LF/HF. En todos los casos, los coeficientes de regresión β tipificados estuvieron entre 0,395 y 0,505 (p<0,05). El índice de grasa visceral calculado a partir de bioimpedancia no mostró relación alguna. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos aquí reportados son indicativos de que en hombres jóvenes, delgados y físicamente activos, la actividad física y la grasa subcutánea se relacionan positivamente con el tono vagal y negativamente con el tono simpático, lo que lleva a postular que la acumulación del exceso calórico en forma de tejido adiposo subcutáneo (y no visceral) podría ser un mecanismo de protección contra el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico en estos sujetos.

Objective: To measure the type and strength of the potential association between heart rate variability at rest and some indicators of adiposity in young, lean, and physically active men. Introduction: Although overweight/obesity, increased adiposity and physical inactivity are associated with decreased heart rate variability and autonomic dysregulation, the relationship between these factors has not been explored in detail in subjects with low metabolic risk: normal weight, low adiposity and physically active. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. The spectral components of heart rate variability were analyzed in 24 physically active men, 18-30 years old, with normal weight and adiposity. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explain heart rate variability as a function of waist to hip ratio, abdominal skinfod and physical activity. Results: The volume of weekly physical activity was positively related to RMSSD and HF, and negatively with LF and LF/HF. Both the waist to hip ratio and abdominal skinfold were positively related with HF, and negatively with LF and LF/HF. In all cases, the B regression standardized coefficients were between 0.395 and 0.505 (p<0.05). The visceral fat rating calculated from bioimpedance showed no relation. Conclusions: The findings reported here are indicative that in young, lean and physically active men, physical activity and subcutaneous fat are positively related to vagal tone and negatively with sympathetic tone. This leads us to postulate that the accumulation of caloric excess in the form of subcutaneous adipose tissue (not visceral) might be a protective mechanism against the development of metabolic syndrome in these subjects.

Pollination processes and the Allee effect in highly fragmented populations: consequences for the mating system in urban environments.

The urban environment was used to study the plant reproductive system in small fragmented populations as well as the potential adaptations of plants to urban conditions. We examined the effect of density on the pollination process and on reproduction in urban populations of the allogamous species Crepis sancta. The habitat is composed of small uncultivated square patches (c. 2 m2) regularly spaced along the pavement in streets of the city of Montpellier, France. Pollinator behaviour (the presence of pollinators, the number of flowers visited and the duration of each visit) and seed set as a function of the number of plants in patches and selfing rates, determined using progeny array analysis, were studied. The propensity for the urban populations to produce seeds by self-fertilization in insect-proof glasshouse was also analysed. We found strong evidence of reduced pollinator activities at low densities, resulting in reduced pollination and a reduction in seed set from 80 to 20% of ovules fertilized (the Allee effect). Progeny array analysis revealed a slight increase (marginally significant) in selfing rates in urban populations compared with large populations. In spite of lower pollinator activity, urban populations did not show a greater ability to self-fertilize compared with rural populations from the nearby countryside.

Consideraciones sobre 100 casos de retinoblastoma / Considerations about 100 cases of retinoblastoma

Se realizó esta revisión del retinoblastoma en el Laboratorio de Patología Ocular Michael Hogan del Centro Oftalmológico Luciano Barrere del Hospital Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de la ciudad de Lima. Este trabajo traduce nuestra realidad sobre esta neoplasia; 103 ojos fueron estudiados desde el año 1966 a 1983; 99 ojos fueron obtenidos por enucleación y 8 ojos por exenteración. Estos ojos corresponden a 99 pacientes cuyas edades varían de menos de un año de edad a los 8 años, de los cuales seis fueron casos bilaterales. Los ojos han sido fijados en formol al 10%. Luego se transluminaron y se les hizo el estudio macroscópico. La sección de rutina fue la horizontal. Enseguida se les embebió en parafina y se practican cortes histológicos, siendo luego teñidos con hematoxilina-Eosina (H.E.) y observados con el microscopio de luz. El 75% de los casos corresponden a niños de un año a los 4 años de edad. La leucocoria fue la manifestación clínica más frecuente. Desde el punto de vista histopatológico, el 73% corresponde a retinoblastoma indiferenciado y el 27% a retinoblastoma diferenciado. No se observaron fleurettes en ningún caso. la invasión al nervio óptico se presentó en el 44% y por último, un caso con invasión al encéfalo