RESUMEN
Background: Resistance training with instability (REI) emerged as a promising training modality for older adults aiming to counteract age-related changes. Objectives: We compared the effects of 12 weeks of REI and traditional resistance exercise (RE) on muscle strength in older adults with cognitive impairment. We further explored if total training volume (TTV) significantly differs among training groups. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the REI study. Participants were randomly assigned to REI (n=22) or RE (n=23). RE protocol involved moderate-intensity, free-weight, and machines-based resistance exercises (3 sets, 10-15 repetitions). REI received a similar training protocol, in which exercises were simultaneously performed with instability/unstable devices (e.g., squat exercise under a foam pad or Bosu® ball). Maximal isometric strength and isokinetic parameters were assessed at baseline and after completion of a 12-week intervention through a hydraulic handgrip and isokinetic dynamometer, respectively. TTV (sets × repetitions × load) was computed based on external training load over the 12 weeks. Results: No differences were observed between groups (p=.35) after the intervention. Over 12 weeks, REI and RE improved isometric handgrip strength (p<.001) and isokinetic performance (p=.04). We also did not find differences in the TTV between training groups (p=.28). Conclusion: We demonstrated that both REI and RE training induced similar gains in muscle strength. Combining unstable surfaces/instability devices did not hamper TTV, which may have clinical applications in the context of exercise for older adults.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Due to its complexity, it has been hard to find an ideal medicine to treat all cancer types, although there is an urgent need for it. However, the cost of developing a new drug is high and time-consuming. In this sense, drug repurposing (DR) can hasten drug discovery by giving existing drugs new disease indications. Many computational methods have been applied to achieve DR, but just a few have succeeded. Therefore, this review aims to show in silico DR approaches and the gap between these strategies and their ultimate application in oncology. Methods: The scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Relevant studies were identified through electronic searching of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as the grey literature. We included peer-reviewed research articles involving in silico strategies applied to drug repurposing in oncology, published between 1 January 2003, and 31 December 2021. Results: We identified 238 studies for inclusion in the review. Most studies revealed that the United States, India, China, South Korea, and Italy are top publishers. Regarding cancer types, breast cancer, lymphomas and leukemias, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancer are the top investigated. Additionally, most studies solely used computational methods, and just a few assessed more complex scientific models. Lastly, molecular modeling, which includes molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, was the most frequently used method, followed by signature-, Machine Learning-, and network-based strategies. Discussion: DR is a trending opportunity but still demands extensive testing to ensure its safety and efficacy for the new indications. Finally, implementing DR can be challenging due to various factors, including lack of quality data, patient populations, cost, intellectual property issues, market considerations, and regulatory requirements. Despite all the hurdles, DR remains an exciting strategy for identifying new treatments for numerous diseases, including cancer types, and giving patients faster access to new medications.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer with a five-year survival rate around 60%, indicating a need for new treatments. BH3 mimetics are small molecules that inhibit anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, resulting in apoptosis induction. METHODS: We performed a high-throughput screen using a Myogel matrix to identify the synergy between irradiation and the novel BH3 mimetics A-1155463, A-1331852, and navitoclax in 12 HNSCC cell lines, normal (NOF) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and dysplastic keratinocytes (ODA). Next, we examined synergy in an apoptosis assay, followed by a clonogenic assay and a Myogel spheroid on selected HNSCC cell lines. Finally, we applied zebrafish larvae xenograft to validate the effects of navitoclax and A-1331852. RESULTS: All three BH3 mimetics exhibited a strong synergy with irradiation in eight HNSCC cell lines and ODAs, but not in NOFs and CAFs. A-1155463 and A-1331852 induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation, and together with irradiation, significantly increased apoptosis and arrested proliferation. A-1331852 and navitoclax significantly decreased the clonogenicity compared with the control, and combination treatment led to a decreased clonogenicity compared with monotherapy or irradiation. However, unlike navitoclax or A-1155463, only A-1331852 significantly reduced cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, in spheroid and zebrafish, irradiation appeared ineffective and failed to significantly increase the drug effect. In the zebrafish, A-1331852 and navitoclax significantly reduced the tumor area and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings encourage the further preclinical investigation of BH3 mimetics, particularly A-1331852, as a single agent or combined with irradiation as a treatment for HNSCC.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Pez Cebra , Humanos , Animales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Línea Celular Tumoral , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Compuestos de Anilina/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Terapia Combinada , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Proteínas Proto-OncogénicasRESUMEN
Background: We investigated the effects of a 12-week home-based exercise program delivered with virtual or minimal supervision on the physical and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: The study was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials platform (code: RBR-8qby2wt). Thirty-eight older adults (81% female and 68±7 years old), non-disabled, and without cognitive impairment or dementia, were randomly assigned to a 12-week home-based exercise program: 1) virtual supervision (classes remotely delivered through video conference by trained staff), or 2) minimal supervision (once-weekly contact to touch base through standardized text messages). The participants initially performed two sets of 10 repetitions three times a week, with a 60-second interval. The volume and complexity of the exercises were progressively increased. (e.g., the number of sets increased to 3 and later to 4). At baseline and follow-up, we collected remote measurements of physical function (muscle strength and power, functional muscular fitness) and cognition (processing speed, inhibitory control, verbal fluency). Results: Participants in the minimal supervision home-based exercise group significantly improved the Stroop test (-1.6 sec, 95% CI = -3.20; -0.09). No significant between-group differences were observed for physical and cognitive outcomes. Conclusion: A home-based exercise program delivered with virtual or minimal supervision can produce similar effects, and may help to maintain physical and cognitive capabilities among healthy, high-functioning older adults who experienced mobility restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.
RESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO: Capacidade intrínseca (CI) é um construto que engloba capacidades físicas e mentais para o autocuidado e envelhecimento saudável. A compreensão do papel potencial do treinamento resistido, com e sem instabilidade, para promover o CI precisa ser esclarecida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre os níveis de capacidade intrínseca em idosos com queixas cognitivas. MÉTODOS: Idosos com queixas cognitivas (n=67) foram aleatoriamente designados para 12 semanas de TF tradicional (n=23), TF com dispositivos de instabilidade (TFI) (n=22) ou controle (n=22). Ambos os grupos de treinamento realizaram três séries de 10- 15 repetições. O grupo TFI realizou exercícios utilizando dispositivos de instabilidade. O grupo controle recebeu aulas semanais de educação em saúde. Os domínios da CI foram de mobilidade e velocidade da marcha (locomotora), função global e executiva (cognitivo), força de preensão e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (vitalidade), e sintomas depressivos e autoeficácia (psicológicos) por meio de escores-z compostos. Calculamos os níveis globais de CI pela soma de cada pontuação composta. RESULTADOS: Diferença significativa intragrupo nos níveis gerais de CI (∆TFI = +1.69, ∆TF = +1.30) e seus respectivos domínios (Locomoção: ∆TFI = +2.32, ∆TF = +3.21; Cognição: ∆TFI = +2.31; Vitalidade: ∆TFI = +1.23, ∆TF = +1.42; e Psicológico: ∆TFI = -0.65, ∆TF = -0.62). Contudo, não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Análise de sensibilidade mesclando os grupos de treinamento revelou diferença significativa para o domínio locomotor após 12 semanas (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSÃO: Treinamento de força com e sem dispositivos de instabilidade não melhorou os níveis de CI em idosos com queixas cognitivas.
INTRODUCTION: Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a construct that encompasses physical and mental capacities important for self-care and healthy aging. Understanding the potential role of resistance training with and without instability to promote IC needs to be clarified. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of resistance training on intrinsic capacity levels in older adults with cognitive complaints. METHODS: Older adults with cognitive complaints (n=67) were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of traditional RE (n=23), RE with instability devices (REI) (n=22), or control (n=22). Both training groups performed three sets of 10-15 repetitions. REI group performed each exercise using instability devices. The control group received weekly health education classes. IC domains were analyzed using mobility and gait velocity (locomotor), global and executive functioning (cognitive), grip strength and six-minute walking test (vitality), and depressive symptoms and self-efficacy (psychological) through z-composite scores. We computed global levels of IC by the sum of each composite score. RESULTS: A significant within-group difference (improvement) in overall levels of IC (∆REI = +1.69, ∆RE = +1.30) and all their domains (Locomotion: ∆REI = +2.32, ∆RE = +3.21; Cognition: ∆REI = +2.31; Vitality: ∆REI = +1.23, ∆RE = +1.42; and Psychological: ∆REI = -0.65, ∆RE = -0.62). However, no between-group differences were observed at the completion of the trial. Sensitivity analysis merging training groups revealed a between-group difference for the locomotor domain (+1.97, p=0.045). CONCLUSION: Resistance training with and without instability devices did not improve IC levels among older adults with cognitive complaints.
Asunto(s)
Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Envejecimiento , Ejercicio FísicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of videoconference assessment of functional and cognitive status among older adults in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Thirty community-dwelling older adults (86.70% women) with a mean age of 69.77 (SD = 6.60) years who were physically independent and had no signs of cognitive impairment were included in the sample. An independent and experienced researcher assessed functional (chair rise test, chair stand test, sitting and rising test) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, parts A and B of the Trail Making Test, the Stroop test, the verbal fluency test) performance in real-time on the Google Meet platform on 2 non-consecutive days. The reliability of the measures was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), a paired t-test, or Wilcoxon and Bland-Altman analysis. The feasibility of the assessment was investigated using a standardized 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS: All functional performance measures showed excellent intra-rater reliability, with ICCs from 0.90 (95%CI 0.78 0.95) for the sitting and rising test to 0.98 (95%CI 0.96 0.99) for the chair rise test. Our analysis also showed mixed levels of reliability across measures, including good ICC (ranging from 0.79 0.91) for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, part B of the Trail Making Test, and the congruent and neutral trials in the Stroop test, but poor-to-moderate ICC (ranging from 0.42 0.58) for the other cognitive assessments. In general, the participants reported good feasibility for the assessment format. CONCLUSION: In healthy and highly educated older adults, videoconferencing is a feasible method of determining functional and cognitive performance. Functional measures showed excellent reliability indexes, whereas cognitive data should be interpreted carefully, since the reliability varied from poor to moderate. (AU)
OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo foi determinar a viabilidade e confiabilidade de medidas funcionais e cognitivas por meio de uma videoconferência baseada na web entre idosos no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. METODOLOGIA: Trinta idosos [idade = 69,77 (desvio padrão DP = 6,60) anos; 86,70% mulheres], que vivem de forma independente na comunidade (independente fisicamente e sem sinais de comprometimento cognitivo) participaram do estudo. Um avaliador independente e experiente entregou, em tempo real, avaliações funcionais (Chair Rise Test CRT, Chair Stand Test, Sitting and Rising Test SRT) e cognitivas (MoCA, Teste de Trilhas A e B, Stroop Test e Fluência Verbal) por meio da Plataforma Google Meet em dois dias não consecutivos. A confiabilidade das medidas foi analisada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI), teste t pareado ou análise de Wilcoxon e Bland-Altman. A viabilidade da avaliação foi examinada com o uso de um questionário padronizado de 14 itens. RESULTADOS: Todas as medidas de desempenho funcional demonstraram excelente confiabilidade intra-avaliador [CCI variando de 0,90 (intervalo de confiança IC95% 0,78 0,95) para SRT e 0,98 (IC95% 0,96 0,99) para CRT]. Além disso, nossa análise mostrou níveis mistos de confiabilidade entre as medidas, enquanto o MoCA, Teste de Trilhas B e as fases Interferência e Leitura do Stroop Test tiveram excelente CCI (variando de 0,79 a 0,91) e as outras avaliações cognitivas com CCI ruim a moderado (variando de 0,42 a 0,58). Em geral, os participantes demonstraram boa viabilidade com o formato das avaliações. CONCLUSÃO: Em idosos saudáveis e com alta escolaridade, a videoconferência baseada na web é uma alternativa viável para determinar o desempenho funcional e medidas cognitivas. As medidas funcionais apresentaram excelentes índices de confiabilidade, enquanto os dados cognitivos devem ser interpretados com cautela, visto que atingiram índices de confiabilidade de ruim a moderado. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Comunicación por Videoconferencia , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Escolaridad , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Declines in physical and cognitive functioning often co-exist through aging. Gait-related parameters have been related to cognitive function, although it is unclear whether other measures of physical functioning are similarly related to cognition. Here, we analyzed the relationship between physical functioning with cognition in older adults. METHODS: In total, baseline data of 116 dementia-free older adults recruited from two separated clinical trials (RCT) were included (M age = 69 years, SD = 6; 71% women). We quantified cognitive functioning using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and executive functioning tasks (Digit Span Forward minus Backward and verbal fluency FAS and animal naming). Physical function measures included gait speed, Short-physical Performance Battery (SPPB), five-times Sit-to-Stand Test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT), and lower extremity muscle strength. We used multiple linear regression analyses to explore the association between cognitive measures and each measure of physical functioning, adjusting for age, sex, education, and RCT. Regression coeficients (b), standard error (SE) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to summarize main results. RESULTS: We observed a positive association between muscle strength and the MoCA (b = 0.84, SE = 0.40, 95%CI 0.051.64) after controlling for covariates. Significant associations were also found between the five-times-sit-to-stand test (b = -0.63, SE = 0.26, 95%CI -1.15-0.12), TUG (b = -1.13, SE = 0.57, 95%CI -2.26-0.01), 6MWT (b = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95%CI 0.010.07), and lower extremity muscle strength (b = 1.92, SE = 0.93, 95%CI 0.093.77) with the FAS verbal fluency test, and between the TUG (b = -0.62, SE = 0.24, 95%CI -1.11-0.14) with animal naming. CONCLUSION: In community-dwelling older adults, higher levels of muscle strength, dynamic balance and cardiorespiratory fitness were positively related with global cognition and executive control measures.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Cognición/fisiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Marcha/fisiología , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Preocupações com quedas e sintomatologia depressiva são fatores de risco de queda bem conhecidos em idosos. No entanto, se ambos os fatores estão inter-relacionados, não está totalmente elucidado entre os indivíduos com problemas cognitivos. Para iluminar este campo, analisamos a associação entre a preocupação com quedas e sintomas depressivos em idosos com déficits cognitivos. Este estudo transversal foi composto por 67 idosos da comunidade, com deficiência cognitiva (idade: 71 ± 5 anos; sexo: 78% feminino). Avaliamos suas preocupações sobre quedas (independentes) e sintomas de depressão (desfecho) usando a Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FESI) e a versão curta da Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), respectivamente. As covariáveis incluíram idade, sexo, escolaridade, histórico de quedas, função física (Short-Physical Performance Battery) e função cognitiva (versão brasileira do Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Modelos de regressão linear foram realizados para examinar a relação independente entre os escores FESI e GDS. Todas as análises foram calculadas usando o STATA e a significância foi estabelecida em P <0,05. Os participantes com sintomas depressivos mais elevados (GDS ≥ 5 pontos) apresentaram uma pontuação significativamente menor no FESI (diferença média: -5,3 pontos; IC 95% = -9,9 a -0,7; p = 0,02). O modelo de regressão mostrou associação entre FESI e GDS-15 após ajuste para fatores de confusão (ß = 0,08; IC 95% = 0,02; 0,14), sugerindo que maiores preocupações com quedas estão associadas a maiores sintomas depressivos. A preocupação com quedas está associada a sintomas depressivos entre idosos com comprometimento cognitivo, independentemente da função física geral, cognição global e histórico de quedas.
Concerns about falling and depressive symptomatology are well-known fall-risk factors in older people. However, whether both factors are inter-related it is not fully elucidated among individuals with cognitive issues. To shed light in this field, we analyzed the association between the concerns about falling and depressive symptoms in older adults with cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study was composed of 67 community-dwelling cognitively impaired older adults(age: 71±5 years; sex: 78% female). We assessed their concerns about falling (independent) and depression symptoms (outcome) using the Falls Efficacy Scale - International (FESI) and the short-version of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), respectively. Covariates included age, sex, education, fall history, physical (Short-Physical Performance Battery), and cognitive function (Brazilian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Linear regression models were performed in order to examine the independent relationship between FESI and GDS scores. All analyses were computed using STATA and significance was set at P<0.05. Participants with higher depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5 points) showed a significantly poor score on FESI (Mean difference: -5.3 points; 95%CI = -9.9 to -0.7; p=0.02). The regression model showed an association between the FESI and GDS-15 after adjustment for confounders (ß=0.08; 95% CI= 0.02; 0.14), suggesting that higher concerns about falling are associated with higher depressive symptoms. Concerns about falling are associated with depressive symptoms among cognitively impaired older adults independently of overall physical function, global cognition, and fall history.
RESUMEN
Abstract Aims: To verify the effects of flexibility training conducted at different intensities in young adults. Methods: Twenty-one (21) young adults of both genders with no history of surgery, fracture, and/or rheumatic diseases in the lower limbs and hip, were randomly assigned to low intensity (LI) or high intensity (HI) stretching groups. Two researchers were assigned to evaluate the active knee extension range of motion (ROM) of the volunteers and two other researchers were responsible for the training program. The training consisted of a single exercise for the hamstring muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus). Each session consisted of three repetitions of passive static stretching, maintained for the 60s each, with 30s interval between them, and performed three times a week for four weeks. The stretching intensity was based on the Numerical Verbal Scale, the LI group maintained the intensity between 1 and 2, while the HI group between 9 and 10. Three ROM evaluations were performed pre-intervention, after the 6th session and at the end of the 12th session. Results: No difference was observed between the groups that underwent either high- or low-intensity programs. Both groups achieved gains in flexibility after four weeks of training. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that both high- and low-intensity stretching exercises are effective for ROM and there were no differences between them. Therefore, the intensity can be defined by the preference of the therapist or patient.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Docilidad , Ejercicios de Estiramiento Muscular/instrumentación , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta IntensidadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the efficacy of a behavior change program named Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients. Methods Ninety hypertensive patients aged over 40 years were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde or Control (n=45 respectively). Patients in the Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde group took part in a behavior change program aimed to encourage changes in physical activity levels and eating habits, according to the Social Cognitive Theory. The program consisted of 90-minute weekly group meetings conducted by a physical therapist and a dietitian. One chapter of the educational material (workbook) provided was discussed per meeting. Participants in the Control Group attended a single educative lecture on lifestyle changes. Brachial and central blood pressure, arterial stiffness and endothelial function parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde led to reduction of brachial (131.3±15.8mmHg to 125.1±17.3mmHg; p<0.01) and central (123.6±16.3mmHg to 119.0±20.6mmHg; p=0.02) systolic and brachial diastolic (123.6±16.3mmHg to 119.0±20.6mmHg; p<0.01) blood pressure values, and improvement of post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (from 5.7±2.5mL·100mL−1 to 6.5±2.1mL·100mL−1 tissue·min−1; p=0.04). No changes in body composition, heart rate and arterial stiffness parameters were detected in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde program improved blood pressure and microvascular reactivity in hypertensive patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02257268
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a eficácia do programa de mudança de comportamento Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares em pacientes hipertensos. Métodos Noventa pacientes hipertensos ≥40 anos foram aleatoriamente randomizados em dois grupos: Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde (n=45) e Controle (n=45). O Grupo Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde participou de um programa de mudança de comportamento que objetiva motivar mudanças na atividade física e nos hábitos alimentares, de acordo com a teoria sociocognitiva. O programa foi conduzido em grupos, durante 12 semanas consecutivas, em encontros semanais (~90 minutos), conduzidos por um profissional de edução física e um nutricionista. Um capítulo do material didático era discutido em cada um desses encontros. O Grupo Controle participou de uma única palestra educativa sobre mudanças de estilo de vida. Medidas de pressão arterial braquial e central, rigidez arterial, e de função endotelial foram realizadas nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção. Resultados O Grupo Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde reduziu a pressão arterial sistólica braquial (de 131,3±15,8mmHg a 125,1±17,3mmHg; p<0,01) e central (de 123,6±16,3mmHg a 119,0±20,6mmHg; p=0,02) e a pressão arterial diastólica braquial (123,6±16,3mmHg a 119,0±20,6mmHg; p<0,01) e apresentou melhora na hiperemia reativa pós-oclusão (de 5,7±2,5mL·100mL−1a 6,5±2,1mL·100mL−1tecido·min−1; p=0,04). Não houve modificação na composição corporal, na frequência cardíaca e nem nos parâmetros de rigidez arterial em ambos os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusão O Programa Vida Ativa Melhorando a Saúde melhorou a pressão arterial e a reatividade microvascular em pacientes hipertensos. Registro do estudo: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02257268
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud/fisiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Composición Corporal , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Resultado del Tratamiento , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Rigidez Vascular/fisiología , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Hiperemia/fisiopatología , Hipertensión/psicología , Estilo de Vida , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Aim: Resistance exercise (RE) is a widely accepted strategy to counteract the effects of aging and chronic diseases on health-related outcomes. Studies have been suggested that RE improves brain and cognitive health. RE with unstable devices (REI) is a neuromotor complexity strategy with the potential to improve strength, power, and balance in onder adults, however, their effects on neurocognitive function in individuals at risk of cognitive decline are poorly understood. Thus, we describe the REI study protocol, a randomized clinical trial design to assess the effects of 12-weeks of REI and RE on neurocognitive functions in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Methods: The sample will consist of individuals (aged 65 or older) with subjective cognitive complaints, who will be randomized in one of three experimental groups: control, RE or REI. Participants of the RE group will receive 12-weeks of progressive resistance training (seven exercises structured into 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, three times per week). Participants of the REI group will receive the same RE protocol performed on unstable devices that promote progressive instability. The control group received a health education program. The primary outcome is a composite score of neurocognitive functions. Secondary outcomes include each separately neurocognitive domain, functional performance, balance, falls-related parameters, cardiovascular and mood variables. The study results will provide information to design a future and larger preventive trial on populations at risk of cognitive decline and dementia, which is imperative in public health terms. Trial registration: Brazilian registry of clinical trials number RBR-4kqs22.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento , Educación en Salud/métodos , Disfunción Cognitiva , Entrenamiento AeróbicoRESUMEN
Introdução: No futebol a força muscular exerce um papel fundamental nas ações técnicos/táticas realizadas durante uma partida. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a função muscular de membros inferiores e a massa muscular total em jogadores. Métodos: Dezesseis jogadores realizaram avaliação isocinética concêntrica na extensão e flexão de joelhos por membro dominante. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas e estimativas da massa muscular. Resultados: Foi observado que a massa muscular total apresentou uma relação positiva com o pico de torque (r=0,67, p=0,005; r=0,62, p=0,011), potência (r=0,59, p=0,017; r=0,60, p=0,015) e função global (r= 0,59; p= 0,017; r= 0,60; p= 0,013) na extensão do joelho em ambos os membros e no trabalho total (r=0,63, p=0,009) apenas no membro dominante. Nenhuma relação significante foi encontrada na ação de flexão do joelho. Conclusão: A relação entre a massa muscular total e as variáveis da função muscular podem ser utilizados como indicadores da capacidade de produção de força e assimetrias dos membros inferiores em jogadores.
Introduction: In soccer muscular strength plays a key role in the technical / tactics actions during the game. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lower limb muscle function and total muscle mass in players. Methods: Sixteen players performed concentric isokinetic evaluation on extension and knee flexion by dominant member. Anthropometric evaluations and muscle mass estimates were performed. Results: It was observed that the total muscle mass presented a positive relation with the peak torque (r = 0.67, p = 0.005, r = 0.62, p = 0.011) 0.017, r = 0.60, p = 0.015) and overall function (r = 0.59, p = 0.017, r = 0.60, p = 0.013) on knee extension in both limbs and total work = 0.63, p = 0.009) in the dominant limb only. No significant relationship was found in the knee flexion action. Conclusion: The relationship between total muscle mass and muscle function variables can be used as indicators of strength capacity and functional asymmetries of lower limbs in players.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Atletas , Dinamómetro de Fuerza Muscular , Rendimiento AtléticoRESUMEN
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the potential relationship between body composition (percentage of fat mass (FM %), fat mass and lean mass), muscle function (i.e., muscles; deltoid side and front, pectoralis major and teres major) and the propulsive force of the arm (PFA). Sixteen competitive surfers (29.1 ± 7.3 years; 1.72 ± 0.06 m; 74.2 ± 1.4 kg) were assessed for height, body mass, body composition (dual-energy-DXA), muscle function and PFA. Pearson correlation analyses were used to verify the relationship between all variables. An inverse correlations were found between PFA and isokinetic parameters to 60o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.71; p = 0.014; total work: r = -0.75; p = 0.007; power: r = -0.72; p = 0.011) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.61; p = 0.045; total work: r = -0.73; p = 0.010; power: r = -0.61; p = 0.045) and 300o/s: external rotation (peak torque: r = -0.79; p = 0.003; total work: r = -0.84; p<0,001; power: r = -0.81; p = 0.002) and internal rotation (peak torque: r = -0.69; p = 0.017; total work: r = -0.72; p = 0.011; power: r = -0.69; p = 0.017). There was no significant correlation between body composition components and PFA (p>0.05). Although correlations do not imply cause and effect, PFA is not correlated with body composition in surfers and these relationships are inversely related to the parameters of muscle function.
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a potencial relação entre a composição corporal (percentual de gordura (% gord.), massa gorda e massa magra), função muscular (i.e., músculos; deltoide anterior, deltoide lateral, peitoral maior e redondo maior) e a força propulsiva da braçada (FPB). Dezesseis surfistas competitivos (29,1 ± 7,3 anos, 1,72 ± 0,06 m, 74,2 ± 1,4 kg) tiveram a altura, massa corporal, composição corporal (dual-energy-DXA), função muscular e FPB avaliados. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi empregado para avaliar a relação entre todas as variáveis. Foram observadas relações inversas entre a FPB e os parâmetros isocinéticos a 60°/s: rotação externa (pico de torque: r = -0,71; p = 0,014; trabalho total: r = -0,75; p = 0,007; potência: r = -0,72; p = 0,011) e rotação interna (pico de torque: r = -0,61; p = 0,045; trabalho total= r = -0,73; p = 0,010; potência: r = -0,61; p = 0,045) e 300o/s: rotação externa (pico de torque: r = -0,79; p = 0,003; trabalho total: r = -0,84; p<0,001; potência: r = -0,81; p = 0,002) e rotação interna (pico de torque: r = -0,69; p = 0,017; trabalho total: r = -0,72; p = 0,011; potencia: r = -0,69; p = 0,017). Não foram observadas correlações significativas entre os componentes da composição corporal e a FPB (p>0,05). Embora as correlações não impliquem em causa e efeito, a FPB não está correlacionada com a composição corporal em surfistas e estas relações são inversas com os parâmetros da função muscular.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Deportes Acuáticos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Extremidad Superior/fisiologíaRESUMEN
RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre parâmetros de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e atividades físicas de lazer e deslocamento em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Métodos: A amostra incluiu 1.152 adolescentes do sexo masculino com idades entre 14 e 19 anos. A variação dos batimentos cardíacos consecutivos (intervalos entre duas ondas R sucessivas - RR) foi avaliada, e calcularam-se os parâmetros da VFC no tempo (desvio padrão de todos os intervalos RR - SDNN, raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos RR normais adjacentes - RMSSD, porcentagem dos intervalos RR adjacentes com diferença de duração maior que 50 ms - pNN50) e domínios de frequência (low frequency - LF/high frequency - HF). Informações sobre atividades físicas de lazer e deslocamento foram obtidas por meio de um questionário. Realizou-se regressão logística binária entre parâmetros de VFC e atividade física. Resultados: Foi descoberta associação entre atividades físicas de lazer e as variáveis SDNN, RMSSD e pNN50, mas não houve associação entre tais atividades e a razão LF/HF. Essas associações foram mais fortes entre adolescentes que se mantinham fisicamente ativos havia mais de seis meses. Atividades físicas de deslocamento não foram associadas a nenhum parâmetro de VFC. Jovens que praticavam atividades físicas de deslocamento e também se mantinham fisicamente ativos havia mais de seis meses apresentaram menor chance de ter baixa SDNN e RMSSD. Conclusões: Atividades físicas de lazer e de deslocamento foram associadas a melhor VFC, e tais associações foram reforçadas quando os adolescentes mantinham atividade física havia mais de seis meses. Atividade física de deslocamento não foi associada com os parâmetros da VFC, no entanto tal associação surgiu nos casos de adolescentes fisicamente ativos em atividades de deslocamento havia mais de seis meses.
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters with leisure time and commuting physical activities in adolescent boys. Methods: The sample included 1152 male adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. The variation of consecutive heart beats (RR intervals) was assessed and HRV parameters in time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domains (LF/HF) were calculated. Leisure time and commuting physical activities were obtained using a questionnaire. A binary logistic regression was performed between HRV parameters and physical activity. Results: Leisure time physical activity was associated with SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, while LF/HF was not associated. These associations were stronger when adolescents were also physically active for more than six months. Commuting physical activity was not associated with any HRV parameter. Boys who practiced commuting physical activity and were also physically active for more than six months presented a lower chance of having low SDNN and RMSSD. Conclusions: Leisure time physical activity was associated with better HRV and these associations were enhanced when adolescents were physically active for more than six months. Commuting physical activity was not associated with HRV parameters; however, it became associated with better HRV when adolescents were physically active in commuting for more than six months.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Actividades Recreativas , Factores de Tiempo , Transportes , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Abstract Chikungunya, an alphavirus infection presenting with fever, rash, and polyarthritis, is most often an acute febrile illness. Neurologic complications of chikungunya infection have been reported. Here we report the clinical and neuroimaging data of 2 patients with chikungunya-associated encephalitis during the recent Brazilian epidemic.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Encefalitis Viral/virología , Fiebre Chikungunya/complicaciones , Brasil/epidemiología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Brotes de Enfermedades , Encefalitis Viral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fiebre Chikungunya/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Estudos de metanálise têm indicado que o treinamento isométrico de handgrip promove redução importante da pressão arterial em hipertensos. Como a prescrição do treinamento é baseada no percentual da contração voluntária máxima (CVM), torna-se importante identificar os indicadores de reprodutibilidade dessa variável em hipertensos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os indicadores de reprodutibilidade do teste da CVM de preensão manual de indivíduos hipertensos. Treze hipertensos com idade entre 45 e 78 anos, sem experiência com teste da CVM de preensão manual, participaram do presente estudo. A força de preensão manual foi obtida em dois dias distintos no mesmo horário e com intervalo de sete dias. Para tanto, foi utilizado um dinamômetro com display digital ajustável e calibrado com escala de 0 a 100 kgf. Foi observada diferença significante entre os dois dias, com variação média de 1kgf (p<0,05). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,986 a 0,989, enquanto que o coeficiente de variação de 3,0 a 3,5%. A análise de Bland-Altman demonstrou boa concordância entre os dias. Em ambos os braços foi observada diferenças estatisticamente significante entre a primeira tentativa no Dia 1 com as demais tentativas (p<0,05), enquanto nenhuma diferença significante foi observada entre a segunda e a terceira tentativa (p>0,05). Em conclusão, os resultados deste estudo indicam que a medida da CVM de preensão manual em indivíduos com hipertensão apresenta bons indicadores de reprodutibilidade, e, apenas um dia de teste, com pelo menos duas tentativas, é necessário para identificação da força máxima no teste.
Meta-analysis studies have indicated that isometric handgrip training promotes significant reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive. As the training prescription is based on the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), it becomes important to identify indicators of reliability of this variable in hypertensive individuals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the reliability of MVC test in hypertensive patients. Thirteen hypertensive individuals aged 45 to 78 years with no experience with handgrip MVC evaluation participated in the study. MVC was obtained in two separate days at the same time and with an interval of at least seven days between them. An adjustable and calibrated dynamometer with digital display ranging between 0-100 kgf was used. Significant difference between days was observed with an average variation of 1kgf (p<0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.986 to 0.989, while the coefficient of variation from 3.0 to 3.5%. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between days. In both arms statistically significant differences were observed between the first trial on Day 1 with the other trials (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was observed between the second and third trial (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the extent of handgrip CVM in individuals with hypertension presents good indicators of reproducibility, and just one day of testing composed of at least two trials is required to identify the maximal handgrip strength.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Fuerza Muscular , HipertensiónRESUMEN
O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do treinamento de força na flexibilidade de indivíduos adultos jovens e idosos. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos científicos originais indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Knowlege e Scopus, até o ano de 2012. Foram selecionados estudos que incluíram termos no título e descritores relacionados com a flexibilidade e o treinamento de força. Dezesseis artigos foram incluídos na revisão. Dos cinco estudos com a população idosa, todos reportaram aumento da flexibilidade após o treinamento de força, independente do protocolo e do método/instrumento utilizado. Em indivíduos adultos jovens, sete estudos observaram aumento na flexibilidade com o treinamento de força em pelo menos uma articulação, ao passo que quatro estudos não observaram qualquer alteração. Não foi possível identificar características na amostra ou nos protocolos de treinamento que pudessem diferenciar os estudos que observaram efeitos significantes e não significantes do treinamento de força na flexibilidade. Entretanto, todos os estudos que utilizaram o goniômetro1-4 ou o flexímetro reportaram aumento da flexibilidade em pelo menos uma articulação. Em conclusão, o treinamento de força aumenta a flexibilidade de indivíduos idosos, ao passo que em adultos jovens, aumentos da flexibilidade com o treinamento de força são controversos.
The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence the effects of strength training on young adults and elderly flexibility. Systematic review of original scientific articles indexed in the electronic databases MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Knowledge and Scopus, by the year 2012, was performed. There were selected studies that included terms in the title and keywords related to flexibility and strength training. Sixteen articles were included in the review. Of the five studies with the elderly population, all reported increased flexibility after strength training, regardless of the protocol and the method / instrument used. In young adults, seven studies observed increases in flexibility following strength training in at least one articulation, while four studies have not found any alteration. It was not possible to identify characteristics in the sample or in the training protocols that could differentiate the studies that observed significant and no significant effects of training on flexibility. However, all studies using goniometer or fleximeter reported increased flexibility in at least one articulation. In conclusion, strength training increases flexibility of elderly individuals, whereas in young adults, increases in flexibility due to strength training are controversial.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Ejercicios de Estiramiento Muscular , Entrenamiento de FuerzaRESUMEN
O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a quantidade de sessões necessárias para determinação da carga máxima em testes múltiplos de uma repetição máxima nos exercícios de força com pesos livres. Dezessete homens (22,5 ± 3,5 anos), não praticantes de musculação há quatro meses, fizeram quatro sessões de teste de 1-RM em cinco exercícios: supino reto, remada curvada, elevação frontal, rosca direta de bíceps e tríceps testa, respectivamente. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a ANOVA one way, seguida do teste post hoc de Newman-Keuls, com p<0.05. A estabilização da carga para os exercícios supino reto, rosca direta de bíceps e tríceps testa ocorreu entre a 3 e 4 sessões de teste. Para os exercícios remada curvada e elevação frontal quatro sessões não foram suficientes para encontrar uma medida acurada de força máxima. Sugere-se a realização de três sessões de teste para os exercícios supino horizontal, rosca direta de bíceps e tríceps testa e de pelo menos quatro sessões para os exercícios remada curvada e elevação frontal.
The aim of this study was to determine the amount of sessions needed to determine the maximum load in multiple tests of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the strength training with free weights. 17 men (22.5 ± 3.5 years), not trained in strength four months ago, participated of four test sessions of 1-RM in five exercises: bench press, seated rowing, front raise, arm curl and lying down tríceps extension, respectively. For the treatment of the data was used one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Newman-Keuls tests, P <0.05. The stabilization of the load for the bench press, arm curl and lying down tríceps extension occurred between 3rd and 4st test sessions. For the seated rowing and front raise, four sessions were not enough to find an accurate measure of maximum strength. It is suggested make three test sessions for exercises bench press, arm curl and lying down tríceps extension and at least four sessions for exercises seated rowing and front raise.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Hombres , Fuerza Muscular , Entrenamiento de FuerzaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a genetic, hereditary and chronic disease that affects the health of its carriers and might impair their health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to assess the health-related quality of life of individuals with sickle cell disease followed at referral centers in Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 40 individuals with sickle cell disease aged 12 to 43 years old were evaluated by means of sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory. The latter was applied only to adults. RESULTS: Most participants were adults (62.5%) with a predominance of the SS genotype (85%) with pain being the commonest complication (95%). Mood disorder was found in 40% of the adults. The patients exhibited overall impairment of quality of life, which was more pronounced among the adults and under 15-year-old adolescents. Married adults exhibited less impairment of most quality of life domains compared to unmarried adults, and the adults with mood disorder exhibited greater impairment of all quality of life domains. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that interventions that aim to improve vitality, pain, and mental health might contribute to maintaining high levels of quality of life in patients with sickle cell disease, especially among adults and under 15-year-old adolescents.