[Reappraisals of biological behaviors of PDGFRA mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor].

Objective: To investigate the biological behavior spectrum of platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor (PDGFRA)-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and to compare the clinical values of the Zhongshan method of benign and malignant evaluation with the modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk stratification. Methods: A total of 119 cases of GIST with PDGFRA mutation who underwent surgical resection at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2009 to 2020 were collected. The clinicopathological data, follow-up records, and subsequent treatment were reviewed and analyzed statistically. Results: There were 79 males and 40 females. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 80 years, with a median age of 60 years. Among them, 115 patients were followed up for 1-154 months, and 13 patients progressed to disease. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 90.1% and 94.1%, respectively. According to the modified NIH risk stratification, 8 cases, 32 cases, 38 cases, and 35 cases were very-low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk, and 5-year DFS were 100.0%, 95.6%, 94.3%, and 80.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in prognosis among the non-high risk groups, only the difference between high risk and non-high risk groups was significant (P=0.029). However, the 5-year OS was 100.0%, 100.0%, 95.0% and 89.0%, and there was no difference (P=0.221). According to the benign and malignant evaluation Zhongshan method, 43 cases were non-malignant (37.4%), 56 cases were low-grade malignant (48.7%), 9 cases were moderately malignant (7.8%), and 7 cases were highly malignant (6.1%). The 5-year DFS were 100.0%, 91.7%, 77.8%, 38.1%, and the difference was significant (P<0.001). The 5-year OS were 100.0%, 97.5%, 77.8%, 66.7%, the difference was significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: GIST with PDGFRA gene mutation shows a broad range of biological behavior, ranging from benign to highly malignant. According to the Zhongshan method, non-malignant and low-grade malignant tumors are common, the prognosis after surgery is good, while the fewer medium-high malignant tumors showed poor prognosis after surgical resection. The overall biological behavior of this type of GIST is relatively inert, which is due to the low proportion of medium-high malignant GIST. The modified NIH risk stratification may not be effective in risk stratification for PDGFRA mutant GIST.

[Prevalence and influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature in primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province in 2020].

In 2020, the prevalence of abnormal spinal curvature among 54 079 students in Shandong Province was 1.54%. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that, compared with those in primary school, economically underdeveloped areas, and non-residential schools, students in middle and high schools, economically average areas, and residential schools had a higher risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 2.029 (1.662-2.476), 2.746 (2.208-3.416), 2.237 (1.740-2.875) and 2.057 (1.705-2.483), respectively. Compared with those in economically underdeveloped areas, who were underweight, who had seat adjustments≤1 time per academic year, and who had physical education classes≤1 per week, students in economically developed areas, who were normal weight, overweight, and obese, who had seat adjustments≥2 times per academic year, and who had physical education classes 2-3 or≥4 per week, had a lower risk of abnormal spinal curvature, with OR (95%CI) values of 0.690 (0.521-0.915), 0.722 (0.546-0.955), 0.535 (0.389-0.735), 0.383 (0.274-0.535), 0.835 (0.711-0.980), 0.561 (0.474-0.663) and 0.491 (0.315-0.766), respectively.

[Selection strategy of pedicled axial flaps for repairing high-voltage electric burn wounds in foot and ankle].

Objective: To explore the selection strategy of pedicled axial flaps for repairing high-voltage electric burn wounds in foot and ankle. Methods: The retrospective observational research method was used. From January 2017 to December 2022, 16 patients with skin and soft tissue defects in foot and ankle after high-voltage electric burns were treated in General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, including 11 cases of unilateral defect and 5 cases of bilateral defect. All patients were male, aged from 25 to 75 years. After thorough debridement, the area of the defect to be repaired with the flap was 5.0 cm×4.0 cm to 12.0 cm×8.0 cm. Before operation, the color Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, or digital subtraction angiography was used to fully evaluate the degree of vascular injury in the affected limb and to identify the distribution and traffic anastomosis of vascular network. Pedicled axial flaps with reliable blood supply were used to repair the wounds as soon as possible, and the area of flaps ranged from 3.0 cm×2.0 cm to 13.0 cm×8.0 cm. The wound in the donor area of flaps was repaired with split-thickness skin graft from head or medium-thickness skin graft from thigh. The flap repair of wounds in various areas of the ankle and foot was recorded. The postoperative survivals of the flaps and skin grafts were observed after surgery. The postoperative appearance of flaps and walking function of patients were followed up. At the last follow-up, the foot and ankle function was evaluated and rated using the American Association of Foot and Ankle Surgeons Ankle Posterior Foot Scoring System. Results: Two wounds in toe area were repaired with reverse dorsal pedis flaps, 3 wounds in medial ankle area and 2 wounds in heel area were repaired with medial plantar flaps, 2 wounds in anterior plantar area combined with toe area were repaired with reverse medial plantar flaps, 2 wounds in anterior plantar area combined with toe area and 5 wounds in anterior plantar area were repaired with reverse medial pedis flaps, 1 wound in toe area was combined with proper plantar digital artery flap, 1 dorsal pedis wound and 1 lateral malleolus wound were repaired with lateral supramalleolar perforator flaps, and 1 lateral malleolus wound and 1 dorsal pedis wound were repaired with sural neurovascular flap. One flap had venous reflux disorder after surgery and survived after treatment, while the other flaps and skin grafts survived completely after surgery. During the follow-up of 6 to 24 months after operation, the appearance of the flaps was good, and the walking function of patients was normal. At the last follow-up, the functional score of foot and ankle was 76 to 95, which was evaluated as excellent in 11 cases and good in 5 cases. Conclusions: According to the condition of high-voltage electric burn in foot and ankle, early and thorough debridement, preoperative imaging examination to evaluate blood vessels of the affected limb, and selection of pedicled axial flap with reliable blood supply are good methods for wound repair and related functional reconstruction of high-voltage electric burn in foot and ankle.

[Analysis of the status of occupational disease prevention and control of enterprises in mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019].

Objective: To analyze the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases among mining and manufacturing industries in China in 2019, provide the scientific basis for the formulation and revision of policies and standards of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods: In May 2022, Collecting data of a project named Surveillance of Occupational Hazards in the Workplace in 2019 through the National Surveillance System for Occupational Hazards in the workplace. Compare the status of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in 63 563 enterprises of mining and manufacturing industries among different dimensions. Results: The training rate of managers was 76.17% and that of occupational health managers was 76.97%. The rate of reporting of occupational diseases hazardous items was 67.58%, the rate of launching of the detection of occupational hazards was 57.16%, and the rate of launching of occupational health examination was 62.42%. Excluding the distribution rate of dust mask, the installation rate of various occupational prevention facilities and the distribution rate of gas mask and hearing protector were less than 80%. The differences in all the indicators among different areas, enterprise scales, economic types were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: There are still some enterprises which are relatively weak in the ability of the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in China. Measures such as special support, guidance and strengthen supervision should be taken towards those enterprises toimprove the awareness of prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the level of that.

[Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of gastric intermediate-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor after surgical resection: a retrospective study].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of gastric intermediate-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), so as to provide a reference for clinical management and further research. Methods: A retrospective observational study of patients with gastric intermediate-risk GIST, who underwent surgical resection between January 1996 and December 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, was carried out. Results: Totally, 360 patients with a median age of 59 years were included. There were 190 males and 170 females with median tumor diameter of 5.9 cm. Routine genetic testing was performed in 247 cases (68.6%, 247/360), and 198 cases (80.2%) showed KIT mutation, 26 cases (10.5%) showed PDGFRA mutation, and 23 cases were wild-type GIST. According to "Zhongshan Method"(including 12 parameters), there were 121 malignant and 239 non-malignant cases. Complete follow-up data were available in 241 patients; 55 patients (22.8%) received imatinib therapy, 10 patients (4.1%) experienced tumor progression, and one patient (PDGFRA mutation, 0.4%) died. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival rate at 5 years was 96.0% and 99.6%, respectively. Among the intermediate-risk GIST, there was no difference in DFS between the overall population, KIT mutation, PDGFRA mutation, wild-type, non-malignant and malignant subgroups (all P>0.05). However, the non-malignancy/malignancy analysis showed that there were significant differences in DFS among the overall population (P<0.01), imatinib treatment group (P=0.044) and no imatinib treatment group (P<0.01). Adjuvant imatinib resulted in potential survival benefit for KIT mutated malignant and intermediate-risk GIST in DFS (P=0.241). Conclusions: Gastric intermediate-risk GIST shows a heterogeneous biologic behavior spectrum from benign to highly malignant. It can be further classified into benign and malignant, mainly nonmalignant and low-grade malignant. The overall disease progression rate after surgical resection is low, and real-world data show that there is no significant benefit from imatinib treatment after surgery. However, adjuvant imatinib potentially improves DFS of intermediate-risk patients with tumors harboring KIT mutation in the malignant group. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of gene mutations in benign/malignant GIST will facilitate improvements in therapeutic decision-making.

[Clinical significance of pathological diagnosis and genetic abnormalities detection in gastrointestinal stromal tumor using endoscopic biopsy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of pathological diagnosis and genetic abnormalities detection of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) using endoscopic biopsy. Methods: Patients with GIST diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy (from January 1st, 2016 to August 1st, 2018, at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University) were included in this study. This retrospective study evaluated the histopathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) features, genetic abnormalities of the tumors and the treatment and clinical course of the patients. Results: Totally 4 095 cases of GIST were collected, among which 67 patients (67/4 095, 1.6%) underwent endoscopic biopsy. Forty-eight patients (71.6%) were male and 19 (28.4%) were female, with a mean age of 61 years (range 31-90 years). Fifty-nine lesions were located in stomach and eight in duodenum. Of all the 67 cases, 47 were spindle type, 14 were epithelioid type, and 6 mixed type. IHC staining showed the positive rates were 100.0% (64/64) for DOG1, 98.4% (62/63) for CD117, 87.5% (56/64) for CD34, 3.6% (2/56) for S-100 protein, 12.1% (7/58) for α-SMA, 12.3% (7/57) for desmin and 4.0% (2/50) for CKpan. Morphologically, 34 cases were malignant; three cases (all epithelioid type) were originally misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma; missed-diagnosis were found in four cases (spindle type) due to the insufficient diagnostic tumor cells. The genetic abnormality detection rate in the biopsy tissue was 38.8% (26/67),among them two patients were lost to follow up after biopsy, 33 patients received surgical resection, 16 cases underwent operation after neoadjuvant therapy and 16 patients with advanced disease underwent continuous imatinib therapy, with the genetic testing rate of 6.1% (2/33), 10/16 and 14/16, respectively. Conclusions: Endoscopic biopsy is a useful but rare method for the preoperative diagnosis of GIST. For majority of biopsy, accurate pathological diagnosis and auxiliary examination can be completed to guide clinical treatment. A thorough history in combination with endoscopic finding is essential to avoid misdiagnosis (epithelioid type) and missed diagnosis (spindle type) in suspicious cases. Genetic testing should be recommended in patients who will undergo targeted therapy after endoscopic biopsy, and it can provide valuable information and guidance for clinical treatment.

Remediation of arsenic-contaminated paddy soil by intercropping aquatic vegetables and rice.

Soil contamination by arsenic (As) is an important environmental issue globally. Intercropping of hyperaccumulators with main crop is typically applied for remediation of As-contaminated soil. Most hyperaccumulators are wild plants with small biomass and slow growth rates. Thus, remediation is slow. Here, we propose an effective intercropping system for remediation of As-contaminated paddy soil. Four treatments-intercropping with water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) (T1), water celery (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.) (T2), or Guangdong white arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L. var) (T3), with rice (Oryza sativa L.) monoculture (control, CK)-were used. Compared with the CK, grain yield per plant of rice under T1 and T2 increased by 58.13% and 10.48%, respectively, but decreased by 46.90% in T3. As concentration, bioaccumulation factor, and translocation factor in brown rice were significantly lower in the intercropping treatments than in CK. As removal by water spinach was 7.04 and 1.47 times that by water celery and arrowhead, respectively. The pH of paddy soil was significantly higher in all treatments than in CK, and iron plaque on rice roots under T1 and T2 decreased significantly but increased significantly under T3 compared with that of CK. Rice intercropped with water spinach had the best remediation effect. Novelty Statement: We believe that the following highlights of this manuscript will make it interesting to general readers of this journal.First, in recent years, many articles about intercropping system for the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution focus on dry land, and few studies have focused on paddy soil. The present study was on arsenic-contaminated paddy soil remediation.Second, water spinach, water celery, and arrowhead have great potential for phytoremediation. Studies have shown that these three aquatic vegetables play a role in the removal of certain pollutants, such as heavy metals. Moreover, when intercropped with rice, they can effectively increase rice yield and reduce rice diseases and insect pests. However, studies on remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil by intercropping aquatic vegetables and rice have not been reported. We propose here a rice-aquatic vegetables (water spinach, water celery and arrowhead) intercropping pattern for remediation of arsenic in soil.Third, according to the arsenic concentration and removal rate, we used a bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, and arsenic removal per unit area of plants for the quantitative evaluation of the remediation effects of the intercropping systems. We found that the intercropping of rice and water spinach could be used to remediate arsenic-contaminated soil. Moreover, the extraction contents of arsenic using intercropping with water spinach was higher than that achieved in a previous study that applied intercropping with the arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata over the same growth time. This study provides a reference for realizing both remediation and increased production in arsenic-contaminated soil and for promoting sustainable development of agriculture.

Effects of orthokeratology on biological parameters and visual quality of adolescents with low-grade corneal astigmatism myopia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of orthokeratology on biological parameters and visual quality of adolescents with low-grade corneal astigmatism myopia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, a total of 41 myopic adolescents were prescribed with orthokeratology glasses in our hospital from February 2018 to March 2019 and voluntarily cooperated with relevant examinations before and after wearing orthokeratology lenses. Patients' uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCVA-D), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCVA-N) and naked eye near stereoacuity before wearing glasses, 1 month, and 3 months after wearing glasses were observed. The corneal astigmatism of patients was observed. The corneal endothelial cell density was observed. The dynamic adjustment function (NP, AF, NRA, PRA) values of patients were observed. The comparison of biological indexes in different time periods was observed. The changes of corneal curvature before wearing orthokeratology lens, 1 month and 3 months after wearing orthokeratology lens were observed. RESULTS: There were significant changes of patients 1 month after wearing orthokeratology lenses (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between 3 months after wearing the orthokeratology lenses and 1 month after wearing the orthokeratology lenses (p < 0.05). Patients' NCAV-D and UCVA-N were recorded by a conversion method of 5 points. There were differences in the NCVA-D, NCVA-N, naked eye near stereoacuity before, 1 month, and 3 months after wearing glasses (p < 0.05). By observing patients' biological indicators and dynamic adjustment, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in NP, AF, BRA and PRA before wearing the glasses, 1 month and 3 months after wearing the glasses (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of orthokeratology can greatly correct myopia patients' vision, improve their stereoscopic vision, control the progression of myopia, and improve their eye regulation, which is of high safety and great short-term effect.

Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The article "Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, by Hou J, Yan J, Ren XY, Zhu K, Du XY, Li JJ, Xu M., published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jan;24(1):174-180. DOI: 10.26355/ eurrev_202001_19909. PMID: 31957830" has been withdrawn from the authors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.

The potential mechanism of INHBC and CSF1R in diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to research the potential mechanism of INHBC and CSF1R in diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 SD rats were selected and randomly divided into Con group, Sham group, and DN group. In the DN group, intraperitoneal injection of the streptozotocin-citrate solution was conducted to construct the DN model. In the Sham group, intraperitoneal injection of equal citrate solution was conducted. The Con group did not do anything. After successful modeling, blood glucose, insulin, biochemical indexes, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood samples were detected. The expression levels of INHBC, CSF1R, apoptosis-related proteins and IGF-1 were detected by Western blot. MRNA expression levels of INHBC, CSF1R, IGF-1 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with the Con group, the expression levels of blood glucose, insulin, biochemical indexes, INHBC, CSF1R, IGF-1, IL-6, TNF-α and Bcl2 increased in the DN group, while the expression levels of IL-10, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and Bax decreased. INHBC mRNA was positively correlated with IGF-1 mRNA. CSF1R was negatively correlated with Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Bax, and IL-10, and positively correlated with IL-6, TNF-α, and Bcl2. CONCLUSIONS: NHBC and CSF1R induced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, inhibited the production of IL-10, inhibited apoptosis of cells, and promoted the proliferation of renal cells during DN disease. Therefore, INHBC and CSF1R can be used as target objects of DN treatment strategies.

[Genotypes and phenotypes of nine Uygur children with osteogenesis imperfecta in Xinjiang].

Objective: To explore the genotypes and phenotypes of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in Xinjiang Uygur children. Methods: The history of nine Uygur children with OI who were hospitalized in First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. They were classified into 4 types according to the classical Sillence classification. The genes associated with OI were detected, and the pathogenic variation was assessed by InterVar and Alamut software according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations. The phenotypes of children with different genotypes were further analyzed. Results: Nine cases aged 3 years and 6 monthes to 15 years were all clinically diagnosed as OI, the clinical manifes tations were repeated fractures, skeletal deformities,short stature, blue sclera, abnormol hearing, hypoplasia of dentin, and relaxation of Joint ligaments, among whom 6 was type Ⅲ OI, 3 were type Ⅳ OI. Nine mutations in 3 genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, and SERPINF1) were detected, and 5 of them were first reported and were all pathogenic variations. Conclusions: The cinical phenotypes of osteogenesis imperfecta in Xinjiang Uygur are complex and varied, but all of them have fractures and skeletal deformities. Genotype is different from that reported at China and abroad, and the SERPINF1 gene may have a higher incidence in Uyghur population. The genetic heterogeneity and unique gene variation pedigree of Uyghur osteogenesis imperfecta defects further provide a basis for the correlation between genotype and phenotype of osteogenesis defects.

Long noncoding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumor metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by sponging miR-375 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: The vital role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor progression has been identified in numerous studies. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most ordinary malignant tumors. This study aims to explore the role of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 in the metastasis of NPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Real Time-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to measure ROR1-AS1 expression in 50 NPC tissues. The function assays including wound healing assay and transwell assay were conducted to detect the behavior changes of NPC cells after the knockdown of ROR1-AS1, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of NPC metastasis was further measured by performing the Western blot assay in vitro. Besides, the target miRNAs were also explored by luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP). RESULTS: ROR1-AS1 expression level was significantly higher in NPC samples compared with that in adjacent tissues. The knockdown of ROR1-AS1 reduced cell migration and cell invasion of NPC cells, which was identified to inhibit the EMT process of NPC. Furthermore, it was discovered that miR-375 was upregulated via knockdown of ROR1-AS1 and further mechanism assays showed that ROR1-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA via sponging miR-375 in NPC. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that ROR1-AS1 could act as a sponge for miR-375 and promote cell migration and invasion by inducing EMT process in NPC.

LncRNA XIXT promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and alleviates osteoporosis progression by targeting miRNA-30a-5p.

OBJECTIVE: To uncover the role of XIXT in influencing the osteogenesis of hBMSCs by adsorbing microRNA-30a-5p (miRNA-30a-5p) to upregulate RUNX2. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The serum samples were collected from osteoporosis patients and normal people. hBMSCs were isolated from femoral head tissues. The serum levels of XIXT and miRNA-30a-5p were determined by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression levels and activities of the osteogenic differentiation-related genes in hBMSCs after transfection of sh-XIXT, sh-RUNX2, miRNA-30a-5p mimic, and inhibitor were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, ALP activity assay, and alizarin red staining. The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay was performed to confirm the binding of XIXT to miRNA-30a-5p, as well as the binding of miRNA-30a-5p to RUNX2. RESULTS: LncRNA XIXT was significantly downregulated, and miRNA-30a-5p was upregulated in the serum of osteoporosis patients. The osteogenic differentiation-related genes (ALP, RUNX2) and XIXT were markedly upregulated in a time-dependent manner, while miRNA-30a-5p level gradually decreased in hBMSCs with the prolongation of osteogenesis. The knockdown of XIXT inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. In hBMSCs, XIXT regulated RUNX2 expression by targeting miRNA-30a-5p. The knockdown of miRNA-30a-5p partially reversed the inhibitory effect of XIXT on the osteogenesis of hBMSCs. However, the downregulated RUNX2 reversed the promotive effect of miRNA-30a-5p on the osteogenesis of hBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA XIXT upregulated RUNX2 by absorbing miRNA-30a-5p, and thus induced hBMSCs osteogenesis to alleviate osteoporosis.

[Clinical observation of five pediatric-type follicular lymphoma in adult].

Objective: To investigate the characteristics in pathological diagnosis, clinical features, treatment and prognosis of adult patients with pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL) . Methods: The clinical and pathological features, laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment, follow-up results of 5 adult PTFL patients admitted in Jiangsu Province Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and literature review was conducted in combination with related reports. Results: All 5 patients developed PTFL in their adulthood with a median age of 22 years old (15-33 years) . The initial inanifestation of the disease was local painless lymphadenopathy with no fever, night sweats, emaciation or other systemic B symptoms. Pathological characteristics including typical large follicular structures and high proliferation index were found. Meanwhile, additional clonal rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was observed. However, there was no BCL-2 expression in histochemistry as well as BCL-2 gene abnormality in fluorescence in situ hybridization among these PTFL patients. These adult PTFL patients were all in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ of the disease. For treatment, they were only treated with local surgical excision after diagnosis while didn't receive subsequent local radiotherapy or systemic immunochemotherapy. During a median follow-up of 27 months, the 5 cases of PTFL kept in a state of sustained complete remission. Conclusion: Adult-onset PTFL is characterized by high pathological proliferation index, while no BCL-2 expression or BCL-2 gene abnormality. Besides, PTFL is clinically manifested as a localized disease that can achieve a quite good prognosis through local surgical intervention. The aforementioned attributes of PTFL are distinctly different from classic adult follicular lymphoma.

Genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA in sporadic parathyroid tumors.

Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma on histological examination is challenging. Thousands of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified on the microarray data between parathyroid cancer and adenoma samples. Four lncRNAs were significantly dysregulated in further validation. The "lncRNA score" calculated from these lncRNAs differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. LncRNAs serve as biomarkers for parathyroid cancer diagnosis. INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) on histological examination is challenging. LncRNA profile study was conducted to find diagnostic biomarkers for PC. METHODS: LncRNA arrays containing 91,007 lncRNAs as well as 29,857 mRNAs were used to assess parathyroid specimen (5 carcinomas and 6 adenomas). Bioinformatics analyses were also conducted to compare the microarray results between parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas (PAs). Differentially expressed lncRNAs of 11 PCs and 31 PAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: On the microarray data between PC and PA samples (fold change ≥ 2, P < 0.05), 1809 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1349 mRNAs also were identified. All carcinomas were clustered in the same group by clustering analysis using dysregulated lncRNAs or mRNAs. Four lncRNAs (LINC00959, lnc-FLT3-2:2, lnc-FEZF2-9:2, and lnc-RP11-1035H13.3.1-2:1) identified were significantly dysregulated in further RT-PCR validation. The global "lncRNA score" calculated from the lncRNAs above also differentiated parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA profiling shows distinct differentially expressed lncRNAs in parathyroid neoplasm. They may play a key role in parathyroid cancer and serve as potential biomarkers to distinguish parathyroid cancers from parathyroid adenomas.

[Abuse of diphenoxylate and related factors of forced drug abstainer in Gansu province].

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse and related factors of forced drug abstainer in Gansu province. Methods: By using a self-designed questionnaire, an epidemiologic investigation was carried out among 2 108 forced drug abstainer selected from the compulsory isolation detoxification center of Gansu province. A case-control study was conducted to analyze the factors related with diphenoxylate abuse. Results: The diphenoxylate abuse rate among forced drug abstainer in Gansu was 19.8% (406/2 046), ranking first in medical drug abuse. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that factors as relieving withdrawal symptoms (OR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.01- 4.32), ways to obtain diphenoxylate (other ways: OR=1.00; regular clinic: OR=27.67, 95%CI: 2.64-289.82; friend: OR=0.01, 95%CI: 0.01-0.03), degree of euphoria (high: OR=1.00; medium: OR =3.36, 95%CI: 1.18-9.55; low: OR=26.16, 95%CI: 10.30-66.42), years of drug abuse (<5 years: OR=1.00; 10-15 years: OR=2.48, 95%CI: 1.02-6.04), abuse at home or in friend's house (OR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.08-8.68), abuse in car (OR=0.05, 95%CI: 0.00-0.68) and detoxification for the first time (OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.43-0.86) were the possible influencing factors for diphenoxylate abuse. Conclusions: The prevalence of diphenoxylate abuse in forced drug abstainer in Gansu was relatively high. Reasons of abusing, the way to obtain diphenoxylate, whether using drug together with friends, degree of euphoria, years of abuse, abuse place and times for detoxification were related factors influencing the abuse of diphenoxylate.

CSR1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of HPIP.

OBJECTIVE: Cellular stress response 1 (CSR1) is a tumor suppressor gene that was frequently down-regulated in prostate cancer. CSR1 has critical roles in the regulation of cell apoptosis via inactivation of CPSF3 or preventing the interaction of XIAP with caspases. However, whether CSR1 plays a role in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is completely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The expression of CSR1 in HCC clinic samples and cell lines was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system was used to knockout CSR1 gene in HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HCC cells was measured by MTT assay. The migration and invasion abilities of HepG2 cells were determined by in vitro scratch wounding and matrigel invasion assays. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine the interaction between CSR1 and hematopoietic PBX interacting protein (HPIP). RESULTS: The mRNA and protein levels of CSR1 were down-regulated in human HCC cell lines and clinic HCC tissues. Over-expression of CSR1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in human HCC cell lines. Knockout of CSR1 gene by CRISPR-Cas9 in HepG2 cells achieved the opposite effects. At the molecular level, we found that CSR1 associated with HPIP and inhibited the activation PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time we demonstrated that CSR1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inactivation of HPIP and its downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suggested CSR1 as a potential therapy target for HCC treatment.