Reflexões sobre distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena como medidas preventivas da covid-19 / Reflexiones sobre distanciamiento, aislamiento social y cuarentena como medidas preventivas de la covid-19 / Reflections on distancing, social isolation and quarantine as preventive measures against covid-19

Objetivo: Refletir sobre distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena como medidas de prevenção da infecção em massa pelo SARSCoV-2, vírus responsável pela COVID-19. Métodos: Ensaio teórico reflexivo, embasado em ideias de estudiosos do tema, mediante levantamento bibliográfico no Google Acadêmico, na PUBMED/MEDLINE, em site oficial e jornais online, selecionados a partir das palavras-chave "COVID-19", "distanciamento social", "isolamento social", "quarentena" e suas combinações. Resultados e Discussão: Distanciamento, isolamento social e quarentena são medidas preventivas de extrema importância para a redução da velocidade e a disseminação da infecção entre indivíduos. Além de frear a mortalidade causada pela doença, envolvem aspectos de natureza emocional, psicológica, biológica, social, cultural, política e espiritual. Requer utilização de estratégias de enfrentamento, como mudanças no estilo de vida, manter boas relações interpessoais online, afastar-se do excesso de informações sobre a doença, realizar atividades de lazer, exercer a solidariedade, entre outros. Conclusão: Embora essas medidas preventivas acarretem prejuízos à economia mundial, às relações governamentais e de trabalho, mostram-se como grande oportunidade de a sociedade vir a ter uma melhor compreensão da vida em coletividade, dos estados ressignificarem as suas práticas e, ainda, das pessoas reavaliarem o que é mesmo importante em suas vidas (AU)

Objective: To reflect on distancing, social isolation and quarantine, as measures to prevent mass infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. Methods: Reflective theoretical essay, based on ideas of scholars on the subject, by means of a bibliographic survey on Google Scholar, PUBMED/MEDLINE, official websites and online newspapers, selected from the keywords "COVID-19", "social distancing", "social isolation", "quarantine" and their combinations. Results and Discussion: Distancing, social isolation and quarantine are extremely important preventive measures to reduce the speed and spread of the infection among individuals. In addition to curbing the disease mortality levels, they involve aspects of an emotional, psychological, biological, social, cultural, political, and spiritual nature. They require the use of coping strategies, such as changes in lifestyle, maintenance of good interpersonal relationships online, avoidance of excess of information about the disease, performance of leisure activities, exercise of solidarity, among others. Conclusion: Although these preventive measures harm the world's economic, governmental and labor relations, they are a great opportunity for society to better understand collective life; for nations to reframe their practices; and for people to reevaluate what is really important in their lives (AU)

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre distanciamiento, aislamiento social y cuarentena, como medidas de prevención de la infección en masa por el SARS-CoV-2, virus responsable por la COVID-19. Métodos: Ensayo teórico reflexivo, basado en ideas de estudiosos del tema, mediante un levantamiento bibliográfico en Google Académico, en PUBMED/MEDLINE, páginas oficiales y periódicos online, seleccionados a partir de las palabras clave "COVID-19", "distanciamiento social", "aislamiento social", "cuarentena" y sus combinaciones. Resultados y Discusión: El distanciamiento, el aislamiento social y la cuarentena son medidas preventivas de extrema importancia para la reducción de la velocidad y diseminación de la infección de los individuos. Además de frenar la mortalidad por la enfermedad, implican aspectos de naturaleza emocional, psicológica, biológica, social, cultural, política y espiritual. Requiere la utilización de estrategias de enfrentamiento, como cambios en el estilo de vida, mantener buenas relaciones interpersonales online, alejarse del exceso de informaciones sobre la enfermedad, realizar actividades de ocio, ejercer la solidaridad, entre otros. Conclusión: Aunque esas medidas preventivas acarreten perjuicios a la economía mundial, a las relaciones gubernamentales y de trabajo, se muestran como una gran oportunidad para que la sociedad venga a tener una mejor comprensión de la vida en colectividad, que los estados resignifiquen sus prácticas y que las personas reevalúen lo que es realmente importante en sus vidas (AU)

Estratégias para retomada do ensino superior em saúde frente a COVID-19 / Strategies for resuming higher education in health in relation to covid-19

Refletir sobre a adoção de estratégias a serem implementadas pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior que oferecem cursos da área de saúde para continuidade das suas atividades acadêmicas durante a pandemia pela COVID-19, primando pela saúde física e mental dos seus docentes e discentes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo teórico reflexivo estruturado em três eixos temáticos, cujo levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu livros, documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais presentes nas bases de dados da PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS e SciELO. Foram selecionados mediante o uso de combinações de palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema"COVID-19", "ensino online", "biossegurança", "aprendizado online", "estresse", "práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde". Resultados: O primeiro eixo destaca a adoção de estratégias virtuais para evitar aglomerações e o risco de contaminação pela COVID-19; o segundo, a utilização de medidas de biossegurança para a realização de atividades acadêmicas presenciais; e o terceiro, as ações de enfrentamento do estresse emocional experimentado pelos docentes e discentes nesse mesmo contexto. Conclusões: Evidencia-se imprescindível adoção de estratégias pedagógicas na tentativa de encontrar soluções criativas e responsáveis pelas Instituições de Ensino Superior em Saúde a fim de minimizar o comprometimento do ensino-aprendizagem e evitar danos à saúde física e mental daqueles que são protagonistas desse processo

To reflect on the adoption of strategies to be implemented by Higher Educational Institutions that offer courses in the health field to continue their academic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the physical and mental health of their professors and students. Methods: This is a reflective theoretical study structured in three thematic axes, whose bibliographic survey covered books, official documents from the Ministry of Health of Brazil, national and international scientific articles from the databases of PUBMED/MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. The selection was conducted using combinations of keywords related to the issue: "COVID-19", "online teaching", "biosafety", "online learning", "stress", "integrative and complementary healthcare practices". Results: The first axis highlights the adoption of virtual strategies to avoid agglomerations and the risk of contamination by COVID-19; the second, the use of biosafety measures to carry out on-site academic activities; and the third, actions to cope with the emotional stress experienced by professors and students in this context. Conclusions: It is essential to adopt pedagogical strategies in an attempt to find creative and responsible solutions for Higher Educational Institutions in Health in order to minimize teaching-learning weakening and avoid damage to the physical and mental health of those who are protagonists of this process.

Involvement of mast cells and microvessels density in reactive lesions of oral cavity: A comparative immunohistochemical study.

In view of the similarity of clinicopathological features between reactive lesions of the oral cavity, the objective of the present study was to investigate the density of MCs (mast cells) and microvessels in a series of these lesions. Thirty-seven cases of reactive lesions including fibrous hyperplasia (FH, n=10), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH, n=10), peripheral giant cell lesion (PGCL, n=10) and lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH, n=7) were investigated using immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase and CD34. For comparative purposes, central giant cell lesions (CGCL, n=5) were included. A higher MC density was observed in LCH (37.01), while CGCL exhibited the lowest density (n=8.14). There was a significant difference in MC density when all reactive lesions were compared to CGCL (p=0.001). The largest mean density of microvessels was observed in LCH (n=21.69). The smallest number was observed in CGCL (n=6.24). There was a significant difference in microvessel density when the reactive lesions were compared to CGCL (p=0.003). There was a significant and direct correlation between the density of MCs and microvessels only for IFH (p=0.048) and CGCL (p=0.005). A significant and direct correlation between the mean density of MCs and microvessels was observed when the reactive lesions were analyzed as a whole (p=0.005). Our results suggest that mast cells contribute to the connective tissue framework and angiogenic function, as well as the development, of reactive lesions of the oral cavity, including FH, IFH, LCH and PGCL.

p53 and MDM2 protein expression in actinic cheilitis.

Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lip lesion caused by excessive and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to histomorphological alterations indicative of abnormal cell differentiation. In this pathology, varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be found. There are few published studies regarding the p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis. Fifty-eight cases diagnosed with actinic cheilitis were histologically evaluated using Banóczy and Csiba (1976) parameters, and were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the streptavidin-biotin method in order to assess p53 and MDM2 protein expression. All studied cases expressed p53 proteins in basal and suprabasal layers. In the basal layer, the nuclei testing positive for p53 were stained intensely, while in the suprabasal layer, cells with slightly stained nuclei were predominant. All cases also tested positive for the MDM2 protein, but with varying degrees of nuclear expression and a predominance of slightly stained cells. A statistically significant correlation between the percentage of p53 and MDM2-positive cells was established, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia. The expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis can be an important indicator in lip carcinogenesis, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia.

p53 and MDM2 protein expression in actinic cheilitis

Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lip lesion caused by excessive and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to histomorphological alterations indicative of abnormal cell differentiation. In this pathology, varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be found. There are few published studies regarding the p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis. Fifty-eight cases diagnosed with actinic cheilitis were histologically evaluated using Banóczy and Csiba (1976) parameters, and were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the streptavidin-biotin method in order to assess p53 and MDM2 protein expression. All studied cases expressed p53 proteins in basal and suprabasal layers. In the basal layer, the nuclei testing positive for p53 were stained intensely, while in the suprabasal layer, cells with slightly stained nuclei were predominant. All cases also tested positive for the MDM2 protein, but with varying degrees of nuclear expression and a predominance of slightly stained cells. A statistically significant correlation between the percentage of p53 and MDM2-positive cells was established, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia. The expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis can be an important indicator in lip carcinogenesis, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia.

Tumor odontogênico epitelial calcificante: relato de um caso clínico / Calcifyng epithelial odontogenic tumor: Case report

O tumor odontogênico epitelial calcificante (TOEC) ou tumor de Pindborg é uma neoplasia odontogênica rara de natureza benigna e comportamento biológico localmente agressivo. Apresenta imagem radiográfica de padrão misto devido à presença de calcificações concêntricas observadas microscopicamente. É caracterizado ainda pela presença de células epiteliais poliédricas, pontes intercelulares e depósitos eosinofílicos identificados como amilóide. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de TOEC em paciente do sexo feminino, 51 anos, que procurou o Serviço de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia com limitação de abertura bucal e discreto aumento de volume na região posterior da mandíbula no lado esquerdo. Exames imaginológicos demonstraram presença de lesão radiolúcida extensa com áreas de calcificações dispersas, associadas ao terceiro molar não irrompido. A biopsia incisional da lesão revelou o diagnóstico de TOEC e devido à extensão da lesão optou-se pela hemimandibulectomia. O exame da peça cirúrgica confirmou o diagnóstico de TOEC. Após a reconstrução cirúrgica da mandíbula, a paciente encontra-se sob acompanhamento clínico-radiográfico. Com base nos dados revistos da literatura, foram discutidas as características clínicas, imaginológicas e histopatológicas da lesão