Solvothermal synthesis of PdCu nanorings with high catalytic performance for alcohol electrooxidation.

Two-dimensional (2D) Pd-based nanostructures with a high active surface area and a large number of active sites are commonly used in alcohol oxidation research, whereas the less explored ring structure made of nanosheets with large pores is of interest. In this study, we detail the fabrication of PdCu nanorings (NRs) featuring hollow interiors and low coordinated sites using a straightforward solvothermal approach. Due to increased exposure of active sites and the synergistic effects of bimetallics, the PdCu NRs exhibited superior catalytic performance in both the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and the ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR). The mass activities of PdCu NRs for EOR and EGOR were measured at 7.05 A/mg and 8.12 A/mg, respectively, surpassing those of commercial Pd/C. Furthermore, the PdCu NRs demonstrated enhanced catalytic stability, maintaining higher mass activity levels compared to other catalysts during stability testing. This research offers valuable insights for the development of efficient catalysts for alcohol oxidation.

Effect of Parent-Initiated Support on Career Calling Among Chinese Kindergarten Teachers: Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction as Mediator.

Purpose: Possessing a calling to teach is a core and essential quality of good kindergarten teachers, and it is critical to explore which factors positively impact kindergarten teachers' career calling. Developing a career calling is a meaning-making process that can be influenced by the actions of others in the workplace. During the frequent parent-teacher interactions, parent-initiated support may serve as significant interpersonal cues for kindergarten teachers in developing their career calling. Thus, the present study examined the effect of parent-initiated support on kindergarten teachers' career calling. Further, we investigated the multiple mediating roles of global and specific basic psychological need satisfaction based on the self-determination theory (SDT). Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 629 kindergarten teachers in China and analyzed using Mplus 8.3 software and the Process 3.5 macro of SPSS 26.0 software. Before testing the hypothesis, we used Mplus 8.3 to save factor scores from the Bifactor model of basic psychological need satisfaction and two uni-dimensional models of parent-initiated support and career calling. Subsequently, using the Process 3.5 macro within SPSS 26.0 software, we conducted path analysis to examine the total and mediating effects between parent-initiated support and kindergarten teachers' career calling. Results: The results revealed a positive effect of parent-initiated support on teachers' career calling. Teachers' global and specific competence need satisfaction partially mediated this positive effect, while the mediating effects of teachers' specific autonomy and relatedness need satisfaction were non-significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parent-initiated support is an important job resource for kindergarten teachers' development of career calling. In addition to satisfying global psychological needs, satisfying specific needs (eg, competence need) provides additional benefits to kindergarten teachers' experience of career calling.

The essential roles of lncRNAs/PI3K/AKT axis in gastrointestinal tumors.

The role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in tumors, particularly in gastrointestinal tumors, has gained significant attention. Accumulating evidence underscores the interaction between various lncRNAs and diverse molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. One such pivotal pathway is the PI3K/AKT pathway, which serves as a crucial intracellular mechanism maintaining the balance among various cellular physiological processes for normal cell growth and survival. Frequent dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in cancer, along with aberrant activation, plays a critical role in driving tumorigenesis. LncRNAs modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through diverse mechanisms, primarily by acting as competing endogenous RNA to regulate miRNA expression and associated genes. This interaction significantly influences fundamental biological behaviors such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Abnormal expression of numerous lncRNAs in gastrointestinal tumors often correlates with clinical outcomes and pathological features in patients with cancer. Additionally, these lncRNAs influence the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy in multiple types of gastrointestinal tumors through the abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal tumors and potential therapeutic targets. However, gastrointestinal tumors remain a significant global health concern, with increasing incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal tumors over recent decades. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research on the interactions of lncRNA and the PI3K/AKT pathway in gastrointestinal tumor development. Additionally, it focuses on the functions of lncRNAs and the PI3K/AKT pathway in carcinogenesis, exploring expression profiles, clinicopathological characteristics, interaction mechanisms with the PI3K/AKT pathway, and potential clinical applications.

Glycyrrhizic acid alleviates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by regulating monocyte-derived macrophages.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by persistent liver inflammation induced by aberrant immune responses. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a prominent bioactive ingredient of licorice, has shown potential as a safe and effective treatment for AIH. However, the immune regulatory mechanism by which GA exerts its therapeutic effect on AIH remains elusive. In this study, we found that GA intervention significantly alleviated ConA-induced acute liver injury in mice. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) analysis revealed that GA increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiMHCIIhi MoMF-1 and decreased the abundance of pro-inflammatory F4/80loCD11bhiiNOShi MoMF-3. Multiplex immunofluorescence demonstrated the infiltration of MoMFs in liver tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis indicated that GA facilitated the immune activation in MoMFs, regulated gene expression of diverse cytokines secreted by MoMFs, and played a role in shaping the immune microenvironment. By integrating the results of CyTOF with scRNA-seq, our study comprehensively elucidates the immune landscape of ConA-induced liver injury following GA intervention, advancing the understanding of GA's mechanism of action. However, it is important to note that some single-cell data in this study remain raw and require further processing and annotation. Our findings suggest that GA alleviates ConA-induced acute liver injury by regulating the function of MoMFs, opening potential avenues for AIH treatment and management, and providing a theoretical basis for the design of novel MoMFs-centered immunotherapies.

Infusion and delivery strategies to maximize the efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy for cancers.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved substantial clinical outcomes for tumors, especially for hematological malignancies. However, extending the duration of remission, reduction of relapse for hematological malignancies and improvement of the anti-tumor efficacy for solid tumors are challenges for CAR-T cells immunotherapy. Besides the endeavors to enhance the functionality of CAR-T cell per se, optimization of the infusion and delivery strategies facilitates the breakthrough of the hurdles that limited the efficacy of this cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarized the infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell therapies under pre-clinical study, clinical trials and on-market status, through which the improvements of safety and efficacy for hematological and solid tumors were analyzed. Of note, novel infusion and delivery strategies, including local-regional infusion, biomaterials bearing the CAR-T cells and multiple infusion technique, overcome many limitations of CAR-T cell therapy. This review provides hints to determine infusion and delivery strategies of CAR-T cell cancer immunotherapy to maximize clinical benefits.

Using single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing data to reveal a correlation between smoking and neutrophil activation in esophageal carcinoma patients.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is considered as a major risk factor for esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) patients. Neutrophil activation plays a key role in cancer development and progression. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and neutrophils in ESCA patients remained unclear. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA sequencing data were obtained from public databases. Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) was used to perform downscaling and clustering based on scRNA-seq data. The module genes associated with smoking in ESCA patients were filtered by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using the "AUCell" package, the enrichment of different cell subpopulations and gene collections were assessed. "CellChat" and "CellphoneDB" were used to infer the probability and significance of ligand-receptor interactions between different cell subpopulations. RESULTS: WGCNA was performed to screened module genes associated with smoking in ESCA patients from MEdarkquosie, MEturquoise, and MEgreenyellow. Next, eight cell clusters were identified, and using the AUCell score, we determined that neutrophil clusters were more active in the gene modules associated with smoking in ESCA patients. Two neutrophil subtypes, Neutrophils 1 and Neutrophils 2, exhibited greater enrichment in inflammatory response regulation, intercellular adhesion, and regulation of T cell activation. Furthermore, we found that neutrophils may pass through AMPT-(ITGA5 + ITGB1) and ICAM1-AREG in order to promote the development of ESCA, and that the expression levels of the receptor genes insulin-degrading enzyme and ITGB1 were significantly and positively correlated with cigarette smoking per day. CONCLUSION: Combining smoking-related gene modules and scRNA-seq, the current findings revealed the heterogeneity of neutrophils in ESCA and a tumor-promoting role of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment of smoking ESCA patients.

Empowering AlphaFold2 for protein conformation selective drug discovery with AlphaFold2-RAVE.

Small molecule drug design hinges on obtaining co-crystallized ligand-protein structures. Despite AlphaFold2's strides in protein native structure prediction, its focus on apo structures overlooks ligands and associated holo structures. Moreover, designing selective drugs often benefits from the targeting of diverse metastable conformations. Therefore, direct application of AlphaFold2 models in virtual screening and drug discovery remains tentative. Here, we demonstrate an AlphaFold2 based framework combined with all-atom enhanced sampling molecular dynamics and induced fit docking, named AF2RAVE-Glide, to conduct computational model based small molecule binding of metastable protein kinase conformations, initiated from protein sequences. We demonstrate the AF2RAVE-Glide workflow on three different protein kinases and their type I and II inhibitors, with special emphasis on binding of known type II kinase inhibitors which target the metastable classical DFG-out state. These states are not easy to sample from AlphaFold2. Here we demonstrate how with AF2RAVE these metastable conformations can be sampled for different kinases with high enough accuracy to enable subsequent docking of known type II kinase inhibitors with more than 50% success rates across docking calculations. We believe the protocol should be deployable for other kinases and more proteins generally.

Exploring the roles of non-coding RNAs in liver regeneration.

Liver regeneration (LR) is a complex process encompassing three distinct phases: priming, proliferation phase and restoration, all influenced by various regulatory factors. After liver damage or partial resection, the liver tissue demonstrates remarkable restorative capacity, driven by cellular proliferation and repair mechanisms. The essential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNA), in regulating LR have been vastly studied. Additionally, the impact of ncRNAs on LR and their abnormal expression profiles during this process have been extensively documented. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that ncRNAs interact with genes involved in proliferation to regulate hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, along with liver progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Given the significant role of ncRNAs in LR, an in-depth exploration of their involvement in the liver's self-repair capacity can reveal promising therapeutic strategies for LR and liver-related diseases. Moreover, understanding the unique regenerative potential of the adult liver and the mechanisms and regulatory factors of ncRNAs in LR are crucial for improving current treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches for various liver-related diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the LR process and the ncRNA expression profiles during this process. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the specific molecular mechanisms through which multiple key ncRNAs regulate the LR process. Finally, based on the expression characteristics of ncRNAs and their interactions with proliferation-associated genes, we explore their potential clinical application, such as developing predictive indicators reflecting liver regenerative activity and manipulating LR processes for therapeutic purposes.

Alkali injury-induced pathological lymphangiogenesis in the iris facilitates the infiltration of T cells and ocular inflammation.

Inflammatory lymphangiogenesis is intimately linked to immune regulation and tissue homeostasis. However, current evidence has suggested that classic lymphatic vessels are physiologically absent in intraocular structures. Here, we show that neolymphatic vessels were induced in the iris after corneal alkali injury (CAI) in a VEGFR3-dependent manner. Cre-loxP-based lineage tracing revealed that these lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) originate from existing Prox1+ lymphatic vessels. Notably, the ablation of iridial lymphangiogenesis via conditional deletion of VEGFR3 alleviated the ocular inflammatory response and pathological T cell infiltration. Our findings demonstrate that iridial neolymphatics actively participate in pathological immune responses following injury and suggest intraocular lymphangiogenesis as a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular inflammation.

The interaction between intratumoral bacteria and metabolic distortion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Intratumoral bacteria might play essential roles in tumorigenesis in different cancer types. However, its features and potential roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. METHODS: In this study, we assessed bacterial RNA by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via immunohistochemistry. Hepa1-6 cells were used to establish orthotopic HCC models in mice. 2bRAD sequencing for microbiome was performed to determine the intratumoral bacterial characteristics, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was conducted to explore the metabolic profile. The potential association between different intratumoral microbiota and metabolites were evaluated. RESULTS: We detected bacterial 16S rRNA and LPS in HCC tissues from the patients with HCC. In HCC mouse model, we found that the intratumor bacteria in HCC tissues were significantly different to adjacent nontumor tissues. Furthermore, we observed different metabolites in HCC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues, such as N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and a-lactose. Our results showed that several bacteria were significantly associated with metabolites, such as Pseudomonas koreensis, which was positively correlated with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and negatively correlated with citrulline. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the close association between different bacteria and metabolites, which might provide novel opportunities for developing new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.

A programmed cell death-related gene signature to predict prognosis and therapeutic responses in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Programmed cell death (PCD) functions critically in cancers and PCD-related genes are associated with tumor microenvironment (TME), prognosis and therapeutic responses of cancer patients. This study stratified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and develop a prognostic model for predicting prognosis and therapeutic responses. METHODS: Consensus clustering analysis was performed to subtype HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the subtypes were filtered and subjected to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis to filter prognostic genes. A PCD-related prognostic gene signature in TCGA was constructed and validated in ICGC-LIRI-JP and GSE14520 datasets. TME was analyzed using CIBERSORT, MCP-counter, TIMER and EPIC algorithms. Drug sensitivity was predicted by oncoPredict package. Spearman analysis was used to detect correlation. RESULTS: Four molecular subtypes were categorized based on PCD-related genes. Subtype C1 showed the poorest prognosis, the most infiltration of Fibroblasts, dentritic cell (DC) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and the highest TIDE score. C4 had a better prognosis survival outcome, and lowest immune cell infiltration. The survival outcomes of C2 and C3 were intermediate. Next, a total of 69 co-DEGs were screened among the four subtypes and subsequently we identified five prognostic genes (MCM2, SPP1, S100A9, MSC and EPO) for developing the prognostic model. High-risk patients not only had unfavorable prognosis, higher clinical stage and grade, and more inflammatory pathway enrichment, but also possessed higher possibility of immune escape and were more sensitive to Cisplatin and 5. Fluorouracil. The robustness of the prognostic model was validated in external datasets. CONCLUSION: This study provides new insights into clinical subtyping and the PCD-related prognostic signature may serve as a useful tool to predict prognosis and guide treatments for patients with HCC.

Macrophage-induced integrin signaling promotes Schlemm's canal formation to prevent intraocular hypertension and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Schlemm's canal (SC) functions to maintain proper intraocular pressure (IOP) by draining aqueous humor and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for glaucoma, the second-leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing SC development and functionality remains limited. Here, we show that vitronectin (VTN) produced by limbal macrophages promotes SC formation and prevents intraocular hypertension by activating integrin αvß3 signaling. Genetic inactivation of this signaling system inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and FOXO1 and reduced ß-catenin activity and FOXC2 expression, thereby causing impaired Prox1 expression and deteriorated SC morphogenesis. This ultimately led to increased IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Intriguingly, we found that aged SC displayed downregulated integrin ß3 in association with dampened Prox1 expression. Conversely, FOXO1 inhibition rejuvenated the aged SC by inducing Prox1 expression and SC regrowth, highlighting a possible strategy by targeting VTN/integrin αvß3 signaling to improve SC functionality.

Identification and Characterization of PrognosticMacrophage Subpopulations for HumanEsophagealCarcinoma.

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the cellular ecosystem and the progression of esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) based on the evolution of macrophages and to analyze the potential of using macrophages as a new therapeutic approach in ESCA treatment. BACKGROUND: Macrophage-based immunotherapy could be used for treating ESCA patients, but its clinical application is limited by the intra-tumor heterogeneity of macrophages. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity, differentiation trajectory, and intercellular communication of macrophages in ESCA and its prognostic significance. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in the GSE154763 dataset were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify cell clusters and annotate cell types using the Seurat R package. The scRNA-seq profiles of macrophages were extracted, and cluster analysis was performed to identify macrophage subsets. The differentiation trajectories of macrophage subgroups were visualized employing Monocle2. Finally, ligand-receptor pairs and communication intensity among the classified subgroups were analyzed using CellChat. RESULTS: A total of 8 cell types were identified between ESCA tissues and paracancer tissues. The most abundant macrophages in ESCA tissues were further divided into 5 cell clusters. Compared with the normal tissues, the proportion of HSPA6+ macrophages in ESCA tissues increased the most, and the number of ligand-receptor pairs that mediated the communication of HSPA6+ macrophages with mast cells and monocytes also increased significantly. More importantly, a high proportion of HSPA6+ macrophages was inversely correlated with the survival outcomes for ESCA patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzed the diversity, distribution and differentiation trajectory of macrophages in ESCA tissues at single-cell level and classified a prognostic macrophage subtype (HSPA6+ macrophages) of ESCA, providing a theoretical basis for macrophage-targeted therapy in ESCA.

DERNA Enables Pareto Optimal RNA Design.

The design of an RNA sequence v that encodes an input target protein sequence w is a crucial aspect of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine development. There are an exponential number of possible RNA sequences for a single target protein due to codon degeneracy. These potential RNA sequences can assume various secondary structure conformations, each with distinct minimum free energy (MFE), impacting thermodynamic stability and mRNA half-life. Furthermore, the presence of species-specific codon usage bias, quantified by the codon adaptation index (CAI), plays a vital role in translation efficiency. While earlier studies focused on optimizing either MFE or CAI, recent research has underscored the advantages of simultaneously optimizing both objectives. However, optimizing one objective comes at the expense of the other. In this work, we present the Pareto Optimal RNA Design problem, aiming to identify the set of Pareto optimal solutions for which no alternative solutions exist that exhibit better MFE and CAI values. Our algorithm DEsign RNA (DERNA) uses the weighted sum method to enumerate the Pareto front by optimizing convex combinations of both objectives. We use dynamic programming to solve each convex combination in O(|w|3) time and O(|w|2) space. Compared with a CDSfold, previous approach that only optimizes MFE, we show on a benchmark data set that DERNA obtains solutions with identical MFE but superior CAI. Moreover, we show that DERNA matches the performance in terms of solution quality of LinearDesign, a recent approach that similarly seeks to balance MFE and CAI. We conclude by demonstrating our method's potential for mRNA vaccine design for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Joint condition monitoring framework of wind turbines based on multi-task learning with poor-quality data.

Effective condition monitoring can improve the reliability of the turbine and reduce its downtime. However, due to the complexity of the operating conditions, the monitoring data is always mixed with poor-quality data. Poor-quality data mixed in monitoring tasks disrupts long-term dependency on data, which challenges traditional condition monitoring methods to work. To solve it, a joint reparameterization feature pyramid network (JRFPN) is proposed. Firstly, three different reparameterization tricks are designed to reform temporal information and exchange cross-temporal information, to alleviate the damage of long-term dependency. Secondly, a joint condition monitoring framework is designed, aiming to suppress feature confounding between poor-quality data and faulty data. The auxiliary task is trained to extract the degradation trend. The main task fights against feature confounding and dynamically delineates the failure threshold. The degradation trend and failure threshold decisions are corrected for each other to make the final joint state inference. Besides, considering the different quality of the monitoring variables, a channel weighting mechanism is designed to strengthen the ability of JRFPN. The measured data proved that JRFPN is more effective than other methods.

Prickle1-driven basement membrane deposition of the iPSC-derived embryoid bodies is separable from the establishment of apicobasal polarity.

Basement membrane (BM) component deposition is closely linked to the establishment of cell polarity. Previously, we showed that Prickle1 is crucial for BM deposition and cell polarity events in tear duct elongation. To gain a deeper understanding of the intimate relationship between BM formation and cell polarity, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) with a basement membrane separating the visceral endoderm (VE) and inner EB cell mass. We found that Prickle1 was highly expressed in VE of the normal EBs, and the Prickle1 mutant EBs displayed severely impaired BM. Notably, the formation of the basement membrane appeared to rely on the proper microtubule network of the VE cells, which was disrupted in the Prickle1 mutant EBs. Moreover, disruption of vesicle trafficking in the VE hindered BM secretion. Furthermore, reintroducing Prickle1 in the mutant EBs completely rescued BM formation but not the apicobasal cell polarity of the VE. Our data, in conjunction with studies by others, highlight the conserved role of Prickle1 in directing the secretion of BM components of the VE cells during embryonic germ layer differentiation, even in the absence of established general polarity machinery. Our study introduces a novel system based on iPSCs-derived EBs for investigating cellular and molecular events associated with cell polarity.

RNA 5-methylcytosine writer NSUN5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via a ZBED3-dependent mechanism.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading contributors to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Nop2/Sun domain family member 5 (NSUN5), a conserved RNA 5-methylcytosine methyltransferase, is conventionally recognized as oncogenic. However, its role in HCC development remains unknown. In this study, we observed a remarkable upregulation of NSUN5 expression in both tumor tissues from patients with HCC, establishing a correlation with unfavorable clinical outcomes. NSUN5 knockdown and overexpression significantly inhibited and promoted HCC cell proliferation, respectively. Additionally, employing a combination of methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RIP-seq techniques, we identified zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 3 (ZBED3) as a novel downstream target of NSUN5. Additionally, we found that the overexpression of ZBED3 counteracted the tumor-suppressing effect of NSUN5 knockdown and simultaneously reversed the inhibition of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. In summary, we elucidated the oncogenic role of NSUN5 in HCC development and identified the ZBED3/Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway as its downstream target. This study provides a novel therapeutic target for further development in HCC treatment.

Recent advances in the potential role of RNA N4-acetylcytidine in cancer progression.

N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a highly conserved chemical modification widely found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA, such as tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. This modification is significantly associated with various human diseases, especially cancer, and its formation depends on the catalytic activity of N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), the only known protein that produces ac4C. This review discusses the detection techniques and regulatory mechanisms of ac4C and summarizes ac4C correlation with tumor occurrence, development, prognosis, and drug therapy. It also comments on a new biomarker for early tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction and a new target for tumor therapy. Video Abstract.

Intratumoral microorganisms in tumors of the digestive system.

Tumors of the digestive system pose a significant threat to human health and longevity. These tumors are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, leading to a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems. Several intratumoral microorganisms are present in digestive system tumors, and their sources and abundance display significant heterogeneity depending on the specific tumor subtype. These microbes have a complex and precise function in the neoplasm. They can facilitate tumor growth through various mechanisms, such as inducing DNA damage, influencing the antitumor immune response, and promoting the degradation of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, these microorganisms can be targeted to inhibit tumor progression for improving overall patient prognosis. This review focuses on the current research progress on microorganisms present in the digestive system tumors and how they influence the initiation, progression, and prognosis of tumors. Furthermore, the primary sources and constituents of tumor microbiome are delineated. Finally, we summarize the application potential of intratumoral microbes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of digestive system tumors. Video Abstract.