Nitro-oleic acid, a ligand of CD36, reduces cholesterol accumulation by modulating oxidized-LDL uptake and cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Macrophages play a pivotal role in the early stages of atherosclerosis development; they excessively accumulate cholesterol in the cytosol in response to modified Low Density Lipoprotein (mLDL). The mLDL are incorporated through scavenger receptors. CD36 is a high-affinity cell surface scavenger receptor that facilitates the binding and uptake of long-chain fatty acids and mLDL into the cell. Numerous structurally diverse ligands can initiate signaling responses through CD36 to regulate cell metabolism, migration, and angiogenesis. Nitro-fatty acids are endogenous electrophilic lipid mediators that react with and modulate the function of multiple enzymes and transcriptional regulatory proteins. These actions induce the expression of several anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective genes and limit pathologic responses in experimental models of atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, and inflammatory diseases. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to explore the actions of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) on macrophage lipid metabolism. Pure synthetic NO2-OA dose-dependently increased CD36 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and this up-regulation was abrogated in BMDM from Nrf2-KO mice. Ligand binding analysis revealed that NO2-OA specifically interacts with CD36, thus limiting the binding and uptake of mLDL. Docking analysis shows that NO2-OA establishes a low binding energy interaction with the alpha helix containing Lys164 in CD36. NO2-OA also restored autophagy flux in mLDL-loaded macrophages, thus reversing cholesterol deposition within the cell. In aggregate, these results indicate that NO2-OA reduces cholesterol uptake by binding to CD36 and increases cholesterol efflux by restoring autophagy.

The nurse champion model for advancing newborn screening of critical congenital heart disease.

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is the leading cause of death in infants younger than age one year in the United States. Early detection and timely intervention can significantly reduce newborn morbidity and mortality. In Texas, nurse champions provided leadership to develop an educational program to screen newborns for CCHD using pulse oximetry. Results demonstrated the value of nurse champions in creating an effective educational program. Nurses are positioned to educate and advocate for universal CCHD newborn screening.

Modelo para la extrusión de mezclas maiz: soja (70:30) / A model for the extrusion of corn: soybean blend (70:30)

La mayoria de las propiedades fisicoquímicas y sensoriales de los extruidos depende de la extensión de la degradación del lmidón. Un extruido de cereal tiene propiedades fisicoquímicas similares a una mezcla de almidón crudo, gelatinizado y dextrinizado. En base a esto postulado, se elaboraron modelos de mezclas cereal: oleaginosa, y se aplicaron diferentes técnicas analíticas para su caracterización. Los resultados revelaron que la muestra extruida de maíz: soja (70:30) en estudio, se asemejaba a una mezcla maíz: soja moderadamente dextrinizada obtenida en el laboratorio. Por consiguiente, podría ser usada en la preparación de papillas o alimentos precocidos