Preparation of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed meal peptide by mixed fermentation and its effect on volatile compounds and hypoglycemia.

This study employed mixed bacterial strains to ferment seabuckthorn seed meal into peptides, and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the growth adaptive conditions, molecular weight distribution, volatile compounds, and in vitro hypoglycemic activity required for fermentation. Results showed that when the amount of maltose was 1.1% and MgSO4·7H2O was added at 0.15 g/L, the peptide yield reached 43.85% with a mixed fermentation of Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Components with a molecular weight below 1 kDa were found to be more effective in inhibiting the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with the identified sequence being FYLPKM. Finally, SPME/GC-MS results showed that 86 volatile components were detected during the fermentation of seabuckthorn seed meal, including 22 alcohols, 9 acids, 7 ketones, 14 alkanes, 20 esters, and 14 other compounds. With prolonged fermentation time, the content of acids and esters increased significantly.

Optimization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) juice fermentation process and analysis of its metabolites during fermentation.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a nutritious fruit and vegetable. Fermentation can be used to enhance their nutritional value. In this study, the tomato juice was co-fermented with multistrains, optimized by uniform experimental design and response surface methodology. Superoxide dismutase activity reached 496.67 U/g and lycopene content reached 77.12µg/g when P. pentosaceus (53.79%), L. casei (13.17%), L. plantarum (19.87%), L. fermentum (13.17%). To gain insight into the dynamics of metabolites during the tomato fermentation juice process multivariate statistical analysis was performed using the UHPLC-QE-MS/MS method. The main metabolites are peptides, amino acids carbohydrates, organic acids, and phospholipids. Carbohydrates were fully retained at the end of fermentation.The content of galactitol increased from the initial 5.389 to 6.607 while the content of cytarabine decreased by 29% and uridine by 44%. Meanwhile, phospholipids (PS, PE, PC, PG, PI) were all retained by more than 70%. Terpenoids (16-deacetylgairin, (+)-Royleanone, artemisinin) were increased to varying degrees, which gives them good nutritional value and biological activity. Organic acids (malic and citric) were reduced and lactic acid content was increased, changing its original flavor and making it more palatable to the general population. The research results have demonstrated the benefits of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on tomato juice, providing a theoretical basis and reference for the fermentation metabolism process of tomato juice.

Comparison of clinical characteristics with spontaneous intracranial hypotension complicated with subdural hematoma between surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this current study was to analyze the possible surgical predictive factors about spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) complicated with subdural hematoma (SDH). METHODS: 178 patients diagnosed with both SIH and SDH were retrospectively reviewed. All the participants were divided into as EBP group (BPG) and surgical treatment group (STG). The demographic, clinical manifestations, radiographic and treatment data of the two groups were collected and compared by the electrical medical history system. RESULTS: The male patients accounted for the majority in the STG (77.88 %), which was significantly larger than those in the BPG(p = 0.004). Patients who regularly smoked and drunk alcohol in the STG group were significantly greater than those in the BPG group (p(smoking)= 0.049, p(drinking)= 0.014). The headache occurring in the temporal position in the STG accounted for 44.44 % which was significantly greater than those in the BPG (25.17 %, p = 0.040). The durations days of symptoms were 54.85 ± 34.78 and 33.72 ± 34.97 in the STG and BPG respectively (p = 0.005). The midline shift degree in the STG was also significantly greater than that in the BPG (p = 0.001). The largest hematoma depth in the STG was significantly greater than that in the BPG (p = 0.000). The frequency of blood patch in the STG was significantly greater than that in the BPG(p = 0022). CONCLUSION: Male, unhealthy living habits, temporal headache, duration of headache, midline shift, hematoma depth and blood patch frequency were possible related factors with the poor outcome of blood patch and surgical treatment.

Photoprotective effects of sweet potato leaf polyphenols and caffeic acid against UV-induced skin-damage in BALB/C nude mice.

This study aimed at clarifying the mechanism by which sweet potato leaf polyphenols (SPLPs) ameliorate ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage, using the BALB/c hairless female mouse model. The moisture and hydroxyproline (HYP) contents of the model mouse skin and the thickness of the epidermis and dermis were determined by staining and histological examination. Anti-oxidative enzyme activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and protein carbonyl content in skin tissue and serum were investigated. Expression of inflammatory markers and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways were evaluated. Topical caffeic acid at 30 mg kg-1 most strongly inhibited the decrease in skin moisture, HYP content, and the thickening of the epidermis. Topical SPLP at 100 mg kg-1 most significantly inhibited the dermal thickening, increased the activities of the superoxide dismutase, catalase as well as glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the content of serum MDA and protein carbonyls markedly. Furthermore, the topical SPLP suppressed the UV-induced rise in the inflammatory markers MMP-1, TNF-α, and NF-κB, and alleviated phosphorylation levels of the stress-signaling proteins JNK and p38. Thus, topical SPLP provided the best overall protection for mouse skin from UV-induced damage.

Valorization of the green waste parts from sweet potato (Impoea batatas L.): Nutritional, phytochemical composition, and bioactivity evaluation.

In the present study, leaves from 13 sweet potato cultivars were collected as raw materials. The nutritional and functional composition, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen activity of different sweet potato leaf samples were determined, and the comprehensive nutritional quality was calculated by gray relational analysis. Results showed that the nutritional and functional components are significantly different between different cultivars. Tainong71 showed the highest comprehensive nutritional quality, followed by Fu22, Ningcai, Fu23, Ecai10, Zhecai726, Ecai1, Fu18, Pushu53, Guangcai5, Shulv1, Guangcai2, and Zhecai1. The antioxidant activity varied from 3.94 to 16.75 g Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight. Pushu53 showed the highest sunscreen activity, with the sun protection factor 24.65. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity (r = .737, p = .004). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves possess high nutritional and functional properties, and have the huge potential to be used as green leafy vegetables and sunscreen agent.