Strategy for Clinical Setting of Co-transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Pancreatic Islets.

Islet transplantation may be the most efficient therapeutic technique for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the clinical application of this method is faced with numerous limitations, including isolated islet apoptosis, recipient rejection, and graft vascular reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties. Here, we review recent studies on co-culture and co-transplantation of islets with MSCs. We have summarized the methods of preparation of co-transplantation, especially the merits of co-culture, and the effects of co-transplantation. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that co-culture of islets with MSCs promotes islet survival, enhances islet secretory function, and prevascularizes islets through various pretransplant preparations. This review is expected to provide a reference for exploring the use of MSCs for clinical islet co-transplantation.

Exosomal-microRNAs Improve Islet Cell Survival and Function In Islet Transplantation.

Exosomal-microRNAs (Exo-miRNAs) are key regulators of islet cell function, including insulin expression, processing, and secretion. Exo-miRNAs have a significant impact on the outcomes of islet transplantation as biomarkers for evaluating islet cell function and survival. Furthermore, they have been linked to vascular remodeling and immune regulation following islet transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have been shown in preliminary studies to improve islet cell viability and function when injected or transplanted into mice. Overall, Exo-miRNAs have emerged as novel agents for improving islet transplantation success rates. The role of islet-derived Exo-miRNAs and mesenchymal stem cells-derived Exo-miRNAs as biomarkers and immunomodulators in islet regeneration, as well as their role in improving islet cell viability and function in islet transplantation, are discussed in this review.

Molecular mechanism of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs regulating lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC), a malignancy originating in the epithelial tissue in the inner wall of the bladder, is a common urological cancer type. BC spreads through 3 main pathways: direct infiltration, lymphatic metastasis, and hematogenous metastasis. Lymphatic metastasis is considered a poor prognostic factor for BC and is often associated with lower survival rates. The treatment of BC after lymphatic metastasis is complex and challenging. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lymphatic metastasis of BC may yield potential targets for its treatment. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on epigenetic factors-including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs-associated with lymphatic metastasis in BC. These factors are strongly associated with lymphangiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation and migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes, providing new insights to develop newer BC treatment strategies.

Transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from human MSCs to treat diabetes in a non-human primate model.

BACKGROUND: Islet cell transplantation is an emerging therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Differentiation of islet cells from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a potential solution to the challenge of insufficient donor sources. This study investigated whether human umbilical cord-derived MSCs could effectively differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of IPCs in treating diabetes. METHODS: IPCs were induced from MSCs by a two-step protocol. IPC expression products were evaluated by western blot and real-time PCR. IPC insulin secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The viability of IPCs was measured by FDA/PI and dithizone staining. The non-human primate tree shrew was used as a diabetes model. After a single STZ induction into a diabetes model, a single intraportal transplantation of IPCs, MSCs, or normal saline was performed (n = 6 per group). Blood glucose was monitored for 3 weeks, then the animals were euthanized and the distribution of IPCs in the liver was examined pathologically. RESULTS: After about 3 weeks of in vitro induction, IPCs formed microspheres of 100-200 µm, with >95% viable cells that were dithizone stain positive. IPCs expressed islet-related genes and proteins and secreted high levels of insulin whether stimulated by low or high levels of glucose. After transplantation of IPCs into diabetic tree shrews, blood glucose levels decreased rapidly to near normal and were significantly lower than the MSC or saline groups for 3 weeks thereafter. CONCLUSION: We present the novel discovery that IPCs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs exert a therapeutic effect in a non-human primate model of diabetes. This study provides a preliminary experimental basis for the use of autologous MSC-derived IPCs in the treatment of human diabetes.

Physically separated soil organic matter pools as indicators of carbon and nitrogen change under long-term fertilization in a Chinese Mollisol.

Isolation and quantification of soil organic matter (SOM) pools under the influence of management practices is needed for assessing the changes in soil fertility. However, the knowledge on how the active, slow and passive pools of SOM respond to long-term fertilization is scarce. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate the active, slow, and passive pools of soil organic matter through physical fractionation under long-term fertilization. The treatments included; inorganic fertilization (NPK) either alone or combined with a normal dose of manure (MNPK) or a high dose of manure (1.5MNPK) with an unfertilized control (CK) for comparison. The isolated pools were analyzed and compared for their sizes, SOC and TN storage and their contribution to total SOC and TN sequestration. The results revealed that the fertilization enhanced the active, slow and passive pools of SOC and TN and their storage under applied treatments was patterned as 1.5MNK > MNPK > NPK > CK. The highest SOC and TN storage was observed in the active pool, while, greater response to fertilization (in terms of response ratio) was associated with the slow pool. Results show that fertilization enhanced the proportion of SOC and TN stocks to bulk SOC and TN stocks in active and slow pools, while a diminishing trend was found for passive pools. Moreover, the highest response ratio was found for TN sequestration in each pool as compared to SOC, suggesting preferential accumulation of TN over SOC in the studied soil. Nevertheless, the highest SOC and TN storage took place in the active pool. The slow pool showed greater response to applied fertilizer, with the highest values being observed under 1.5MNPK. This study concluded that long-term manure + inorganic fertilization is crucial for enhancing C and N sequestration by altering the size and response of SOM pools.

Exosomal microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases.

Originating from slow irreversible and progressive loss and dysfunction of neurons and synapses in the nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect millions of people worldwide. Common NDDs include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, no sensitive biomarkers are available to monitor the progression and treatment response of NDDs or to predict their prognosis. Exosomes (EXOs) are small bilipid layer-enclosed extracellular vesicles containing numerous biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Recent evidence indicates that EXOs are pathogenic participants in the spread of neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to disease progression and spread. EXOs are also important tools for diagnosis and treatment. Recently, studies have proposed exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as the targets for therapies or biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we outline the latest research on the roles of exosomal miRNAs in NDDs and their applications as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers, targets, and drugs for NDDs.

Clinical application value and prospect of peripheral blood circulating microRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Early diagnosis, effective treatment and monitoring of recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma have always been difficult problems for clinicians. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma cells' proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and other processes, and can be released into body fluids such as blood, urine and saliva. The peripheral blood miRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis, efficacy assessment, recurrence and metastasis monitoring and prognosis judgment, and may even become therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article summarizes the research progress of circulating miRNA in peripheral blood as markers for diagnosis and treatment monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Therapeutic strategy for instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction after islet transplantation / 器官移植

As an effective procedure for type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus, islet transplantation could enable those patients to obtain proper control of blood glucose levels. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) is a nonspecific inflammation during early stage after islet transplantation. After IBMIR occurs, coagulation cascade, complement system activation and inflammatory cell aggregation may be immediately provoked, leading to loss of a large quantity of transplant islets, which severely affects clinical efficacy of islet transplantation. How to alleviate the islet damage caused by IBMIR is a hot topic in islet transplantation. Heparin and etanercept, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-α, are recommended as drugs for treating IBMIR following islet transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple approaches and drugs may be adopted to mitigate the damage caused by IBMIR to the islets. In this article, the findings in clinical and preclinical researches were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the management of IBMIR after islet transplantation.

Analysis of key genes and targeted protection methods affecting the survival of human islets / 器官移植

Objective To identify the key genes and targeted protection methods affecting the survival of human islets. Methods Using bioinformatics method, the gene expression profile (GSE53454) was selected through screening and comparison from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database. GEO2R tool was employed to screen the differentially expressed gene(DEG) between the human islets exposed (exposure group) and non-exposed (non-exposure group) to interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by DAVID. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape apps. Results A total of 69 up-regulated DEGs and 2 down-regulated DEGs were identified. GO analysis showed that during the biological process, DEGs were enriched in the aspects of virus defense and inflammatory response. In cellular components, DEGs were significantly enriched in extracellular space, outside plasma membrane and extracellular regions. Regarding molecular functions, DEGs were significantly enriched in chemokine activity and cytokine activity. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in multiple signaling pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, virus protein-cytokine and cytokine-receptor interaction, etc. Ten key genes (STAT1, CXCL10, IRF1, IL6, CXCL9, CCL5, CXCL11, ISG15, CD274, IFIT3) with high connectivity were selected by STRING analysis, all of which were significantly up-regulated in human islets exposed to IL-1β and IFN-γ. Six genes (STAT1, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CCL5, IL6) were screened by KEGG enrichment analysis, mainly in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusions STAT1, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, CCL5 and IL6 are the key genes affecting the survival of human islets, which are mainly enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and act as important targets for islet protection.

Research progress on islet protection and functional maintenance / 器官移植

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nevertheless, dysfunction post-transplantation, rejection and shortage of donors are the bottleneck issues in the field of islet transplantation. Optimizing the preservation method of pancreas plays a positive role in obtaining a sufficient quantity of effective islets and maintaining their functions. During the culture stage, anti-rejection and anti-apoptosis treatment of islets, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), MSC-derived exosomes, anti-apoptosis drugs and gene modification, may become major approaches for islet protection and functional maintenance in clinical islet transplantation. Use of anti-instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) drugs after islet transplantation also plays a critical role in protecting islet function. In this article, the whole process from islet preparation to islet transplantation was illustrated, and relevant strategies of islet protection and functional maintenance were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for improving the quality of donors to compensate for the shortage of absolute quantity of donors and elevating the efficiency of islet transplantation.

In vitro research of mesenchymal stem cell-coated human islets to alleviate instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coated-islets on instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) after islet transplantation. Methods MSC labeled with tracer and human islets were placed into an ultra-low adsorption cell culture dish, shaken and mixed twice at an interval of 0.5 h, and then incubated at 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 24 h to obtain MSC-coated islets. The coating effect of MSC and in vitro function of the islets were assessed. A blood circulation tube-shaped model was established in vitro. In the blank control group, 0.2 mL of islet culture solution was added. In the islet group, 800 islet equivalent quantity (IEQ) of uncoated islets were supplemented. In the MSC-coated islets group, 800 IEQ of MSC-coated islets were added, and circulated for 60 min at 37 ℃. A portion of 0.5 mL blood sample was taken for routine blood test at 0, 30 and 60 min, respectively. After 60 min circulation, the blood sample was filtered with a 70 μm filter to collect plasma, blood clots and islets. Blood clots and islets were subject to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining. Morphological changes and the aggregation of CD11b-positive cells surrounding the islets were observed. The contents of plasma thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), tissue factor (TF), C3a, C5b-9, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-8 were determined by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay. Results After 24 h co-incubation, the islets were coated by MSC, with a coating degree of approximately 80%. In the islet and MSC-coated islet group, a large quantity of neutrophils and monocytes were observed surrounding the blood clots and islets, and the quantity of CD11b-positive cells in the MSC-coated islet group was less compared with that in the islet group. After co-incubation with the whole blood for 0, 30 and 60 min, the quantity of platelets, neutrophils and monocytes was declined in the MSC-coated and islet groups, and gradually decreased over time. Compared with the blank control group, the quantity of platelets, monocytes and neutrophils was lower, whereas the TF content was higher in the MSC-coated islet group. Compared with the islet group, the quantity of platelets, monocytes and neutrophils was higher, whereas the TAT and TF contents were less in the MSC-coated islet group, the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of C3a, C5b-9, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 were up-regulated in the MSC-coated islet group. Compared with the islet group, the expression levels of C3a, C5b-9, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and MCP-1 were down-regulated in the MSC-coated islet group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions MSC-coated islets may reduce the exposure of islet TF in the blood and prevent the incidence of IBMIR during the coagulation response stage, thereby mitigating the injury and loss of islet allograft in the early stage of islet transplantation.

Analysis of frequency and molecular genetics of Jk (a-b-) phenotype among blood donors from Jining area / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To screen for Jk(a-b-) phenotype among blood donors from Jining area and explore its molecular basis to enrich the rare blood group bank for the region.@*METHODS@#The population who donated blood gratuitously at Jining Blood Center from July 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the study subjects. The Jk(a-b-) phenotype was screened with the 2 mol/L urea lysis method, and the result was confirmed by using classical serological methods. Exons 3 to 10 of the SLC14A1 gene and its flanking regions were subjected to Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Among 95 500 donors, urea hemolysis test has identified three without hemolysis, which was verified by serological method as the Jk(a-b-) phenotype and demonstrated no anti-Jk3 antibody. The frequency of the Jk(a-b-) phenotype in Jining area is therefore 0.0031%. Gene sequencing and haplotype analysis showed that the genotypes of the three samples were JK*02N.01/JK*02N.01, JK*02N.01/JK-02-230A and JK*02N.20/JK-02-230A, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The splicing variant of c.342-1G>A in intron 4, missense variants of c.230G>A in exon 4, and c.647_ 648delAC in exon 6 probably underlay the Jk(a-b-) phenotype in the local population, which is different from other regions in China. The c.230G>A variant was unreported previously.

Genetic analysis of a weak D type61 sample from a blood donor, Jiangyin / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To genetically analyze the Del sample from a blood donor in Jiangyin and make clear the molecular basis of the serological phenotype. 【Methods】 The EDTA anticoagulant blood were collected: buffy coat were used for nucleic acid extract and cDNA analysis; red blood cells for serological test. Tube method and microcolumn gel were used for serological test. Genotyping kit were used for exon analysis. Gene mutation was analyzed using the sequence analyzer. 【Results】 Serological analysis demonstrated the sample′s RhD phenotype was Del. The phenotype of RhCE was CCEe. Real-time fluorescence quota PCR result demonstrated the existence of all exones. Weak D15 and RHD* DEL1 [RHD(1227G>A)], which had a high frequency of occurrence in China, were excluded according to real-time fluorescence quota PCR result. Sequence analyzing result verified RHD(28C>T) SNP mutation in cDNA. The genotype of this sample was RHD*01 W. 61[RHD(28C>T)]. 【Conclusion】 A weak D61 was found among blood donors in our city, Jiangyin.

Research progress on optimization strategies for microencapsulated islet transplantation / 器官移植

Islet transplantation is one of the effective therapies for diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, multiple issues still exist, such as shortage of donors and adverse reactions caused by long-term use of immunosuppressants, which limit the islet survival post-transplantation. Microencapsulated islet transplantation may overcome these difficulties to certain extent, whereas many factors, such as the destruction of immune isolation microenvironment within the microcapsules and insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, constrain the application of microencapsulated islet transplantation in clinical practice. In recent years, how to enhance the effect of microencapsulated islet transplantation has been gradually studied. The application of stem cells in microencapsulated islet transplantation has steadily become a research hot spot. Therefore, the optimizing strategies for microencapsulated islet transplantation and the application of stem cells in microencapsulated islet transplantation were reviewed, and the potential improvement techniques of microencapsulated islet transplantation were investigated in this article, aiming to provide reference for further clinical application of microencapsulated islet transplantation.

Mechanism of compound Fufangteng mixture-containing serum in promoting proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the effect of compound Fufangteng mixture-containing serum on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) and its mechanism. Methods Rat BMSC were isolated, cultured and purified in vitro by direct adherence method. Cell morphology was observed. Surface markers were identified by flow cytometry. The rats were treated with compound Fufangteng mixture at a dose of 3 mL/(kg·d) by gavage for 14 d, and then the drug-containing serum was collected. BMSC were divided into the blank control group, drug-containing serum group, Notch1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) group and Notch1 siRNA+drug-containing serum group. The proliferation rate of BMSC was detected and the relative expression levels of Notch1 signaling pathway-associated messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and proteins were measured in each group. Results Microscopic observation showed that the first generation BMSC were seen in the long spindle shape, and grown in the parallel or spiral pattern. The third generation BMSC positively expressed CD90 and CD44, whereas were negative for CD45. Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation rate of BMSC in the drug-containing serum group and Notch1 siRNA+ drug-containing serum group was significantly increased, whereas that of BMSC was significantly decreased in the Notch1 siRNA group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the Notch1 siRNA group, the proliferation rate of BMSC was significantly increased in the Notch1 siRNA+drug-containing serum group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the relative expression levels of Hey1 and Delta-like ligand (DLL)1 mRNA and proteins were significantly up-regulated in the drug-containing serum group, whereas those were significantly down-regulated in the Notch1 siRNA group and Notch1 siRNA+drug-containing serum group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the Notch1 siRNA group, the relative expression levels of Hey1 and DLL1 mRNA and proteins were significantly up-regulated in the Notch1 siRNA+drug-containing serum group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Compound Fufangteng mixture-containing serum may promote the proliferation of rat BMSC, and its mechanism is probably associated with the activation of Notch1 signaling pathway.

Research status and prospect of basic application of islet organoid / 器官移植

Organoids are tissue structures, generated from pluripotent stem cells and cultured in vitro, which form self-organize and recapitulate tissues with similar structure and function to the original organs. Organoids have similar appearance and function to the original tissues, and have been widely applied in basic research and clinical trial. At present, the organoids of liver, kidney, islet, brain, intestine and other organs have been successfully cultivated. The use of islet organoid is a hotspot in the field of organoid research. However, islet organoid is currently applied in basic research because rejection after organ transplantation and other issues remain unresolved. In this article, the origin, development and basic application of islet organoid were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the transformation from basic research of islet organoid into clinical application as well as the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Meta-analysis of Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio as A Prognostic Factor for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Current research shows that platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has important prognostic value in renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value of PLR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#Literature search for PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), China Biomedical Medicine disc (CBMdisc), VIP, Wanfang Database using computer electronic system to study the association between PLR and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Each eligible study data is extracted and a meta-analysis is performed using the hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to assess the prognostic value of PLR, the time limit for the search is to build the library until November 2018.@*RESULTS@#We include a total of 15 research literatures involving 5,524 patients for meta-analysis. According to the results of the meta-analysis: The OS of the higher PLR group is significantly lower than that of the lower PLR group (HR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.45-1.97, P<0.000,01, I²=46.2%, Pheterogeneity=0.026); the DFS of the higher PLR group is significantly lower than that of the lower PLR group (HR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14-1.74, P=0.001, I²=46.2%, Pheterogeneity=0.026). Subgroup analysis show that the OS of the higher PLR group is still significantly lower than the lower PLR group (P<0.05) after grouping by ethnicity, sample size, PLR cutoff value and treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increased PLR is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC, so PLR may be an important biological predictive marker for NSCLC patients, however, its clinical application still needs to be verified through more research in the future.

Protective effect and mechanism of serum containing Euonymus fortunei on rat pancreatic islet cells / 器官移植

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of serum containing Euonymus fortunei on the rat pancreatic islet cells. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8 in each group), including the control group (normal rat islet cells were cultured with normal rat serum), ischemic preconditioning group (abdominal aorta was blocked first and then re-opened before the pancreas was obtained, and the pancreatic islet cells were cultured with normal rat serum), Euonymus fortunei treatment group (normal rat islet cells were cultured with rat serum containing Euonymus fortunei), Euonymus fortunei group and blank group (normal rats were administered orally with Euonymus fortunei extract or distilled water for the preparation of rat serum). Diphenylthiocarbazone (DTZ) staining was utilized to observe and calculate the quantity of islets. Acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining was adopted to calculate the survival rate of islet cells. The insulin release experiment was performed to calculate the stimulation index (SI) and evaluate islet cell function. The concentration of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) in islet cells was detected using GSH and NO kits. The expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) was quantitatively measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Islet cells were observed in specifically scarlet color after DTZ staining. The quantity of islet cells did not significantly differ among different groups (all P>0.05). Along with the prolongation of culture time, the activity of islet cells in each group was gradually decreased. At 72 h after isolation and culture, compared with the control group, the survival rate of the cells was significantly higher in the Euonymus fortunei treatment group (P<0.05). The insulin release test results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the SI of the ischemic preconditioning and Euonymus fortunei treatment groups was significantly increased (both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the GSH contents of pancreatic islet cells in the ischemic preconditioning and Euonymus fortunei treatment groups were considerably enhanced, the NO content was significantly decreased, and the expression level of iNOS mRNA was significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusions Euonymus fortunei can increase the survival rate of islet cells and enhance the function of pancreatic islets by increasing the level of GSH, down-regulating the expression of iNOS and decreasing the NO production.

Meta Analysis of the relationship between serum adenosine deaminase and acute,chronic hepatitis / 中国综合临床

Objective To evaluate the role of serum adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis and treatment of acute,chronic hepatitis.Methods WanFang Data,CNKI and PubMed were retrieved in order to screen literature about the relationship between serum ADA and acute and chronic hepatitis,the retrieval time was from the beginning of the database to December 1st,2016.After evaluating quality of the included studies, the meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the level of serum ADA and acute,chronic hepatitis via RevMan 5.2 software.Results A total of 28 articles were identified including 1688 cases with acute hepatitis and 1843 cases with chronic hepatitis.The results of meta-analysis showed that the levels and positive rate of serum ADA were significantly higher in the acute hepatitis groups than that in chronic hepatitis groups(MD=4.13,95%CI(0.43,7.84),P=0.03;OR=1.94,95%CI(1.19,3.14),P=0.007).Funnel plots showed significant publication bias,and may have implications for Meta analysis(P=0.001).Conclusion Heterogeneity of the literatures mainly comes from the clinical heterogeneity and statistical heterogeneity.The serum ADA has certain value in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis.

Novel progression of GROβin basic research and cancer / 基础医学与临床

GROβis a member of the CXC chemokine superfamily.It plays an important role in inflammation and wound healing process.As extensive research continued, researchers realized that the gro gene was one of onco-genes.And its expression product, GROβ, was also found to be very important in angiogenesis, tumorigeness, me-tastasis, and interaction between tumor and immune cells.