Quality of Life After Lower Leg Reconstruction With the Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap in Pediatric Patients.

BACKGROUND: The latissimus dorsi free flap is a widely used reconstructive technique for complex lower leg defects in the pediatric population due to its reliability and anatomical features. However, the impact of this technique on the postoperative quality of life in children and adolescents, who require appropriate lower extremity function during their developmental period, remains to be analyzed. METHODS: Patients who underwent microsurgical lower leg reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi flap were analyzed retrospectively. The quality of life of these patients was assessed prospectively using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) at a minimum of 18 months after surgical reconstruction. RESULTS: Sixteen pediatric patients who had severe lower extremity injuries and underwent latissimus dorsi free flap reconstruction met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 33.9 months (22-64 months). Two patients experienced postoperative complications: one had partial flap necrosis and surgical site infection, while the other developed a surgical site infection. The LEFS scores ranged from 26 to 80, with a mean score of 64.6. Remarkably, 14 of 16 patients achieved LEFS scores consistent with at least the 10th percentile when compared with normative data. Patients with severe associated fractures presented with the lowest scores. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, the latissimus dorsi flap is reaffirmed to be an excellent choice for lower leg reconstruction in the pediatric population. It effectively restores the quality of life in patients who have experienced moderate to severe lower extremity injuries.

Experiencia de uso de hierro intravenoso para el tratamiento de la anemia en niños y adolescentes. Respuesta terapéutica y evolución / Experience in using intravenous iron for the treatment of anemia in children and adolescents. Therapeutic response and evolution

Introducción: El hierro de administración intravenosa (iv) está indicado en los casos en que el tratamiento oral no es posible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el perfil de uso, respuesta terapéutica y seguridad de la administración de hierro iv en el tratamiento de la anemia ferropénica en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) asistidos en un centro de referencia de Uruguay entre 2018 y 2023. Método: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de historias. Incluyó todos los NNA que recibieron hierro iv. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, clínica y severidad de la anemia. Se evaluó: motivos de la indicación y tipo de hierro iv, dosis, tiempo de infusión, respuesta terapéutica y efectos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes, mediana de edad 4 años; 51,4% de sexo masculino, con comorbilidades 37,1%. Todos los menores de 3 años presentaban factores de riesgo para anemia ferropénica, la falta de adherencia al hierro oral se asoció con mayor severidad de la anemia (p<0,05). El motivo principal de indicación de hierro iv fue la severidad de la anemia e inadecuada respuesta al hierro oral concomitante en 37,1%. Todos recibieron hierro sacarato; mediana de dosis: 2 mg/kg y de tiempo de infusión: 1 hora. Se registró un caso de edema y exantema de cara vinculado a la rápida infusión. La evolución fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La administración de hierro iv fue segura. Es necesario establecer consensos respecto a la posología y monitorización. Se requieren nuevos estudios para continuar evaluando la eficacia y seguridad del hierro iv en sus diversas formulaciones.

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) iron administration it is indicated in cases where oral treatment is impossible. The objective of this work was to describe the profile of use, therapeutic response, and safety of the iron IV administration in treating anemia in children and adolescents (NNA) assisted in a reference center in Uruguay between 2018 and 2023. Method: Retrospective study through review of histories. It included all children and adolescents who received IV iron. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and severity of anemia they were recorded. They were evaluated: reasons for the indication and type of IV iron, dose, infusion time, therapeutic response, and adverse effects. Results: we included 35 patients, with a median age of four years; 51.4% were male, and 37.1% had comorbidities. All children under three years of age had risk factors for iron deficiency anemia; greater severity of anemia was associated with lack of adherence to oral iron (p<0.05). The main reason for the indication of IV iron was the severity of anemia and inadequate response to concomitant oral iron at 37.1%. All received iron saccharate; median dose: 2 mg/kg and infusion time: 1 hour. A case of facial edema and rash linked to rapid infusion was recorded. The evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: The administration of IV iron was safe. It is necessary to establish a consensus regarding dosage and monitoring. New studies are required to continue evaluating the efficacy and safety of IV iron in its various formulations.

Experiencia y manejo de dos pacientes pediátricos grandes quemados e infección por SARS-CoV-2 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Experience and management of two paediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 with major burn injuries in an intensive care unit

RESUMEN La infección por SARS-CoV-2 se ha diseminado rápidamente, provocando una pandemia mundial en la cual nos vemos afectados. En el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de San Borja, centro de referencia nacional de pacientes pediátricos quirúrgicos, desde el 14 de abril al 12 de agosto del 2020, se hospitalizaron 106 pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2, de los cuales 11 tuvieron diagnostico quemadura y dos fueron pacientes grandes quemados con diagnóstico COVID-19 por prueba molecular. Detallamos el caso de una paciente pediátrica, de siete años, gran quemada que fue atendida en unidad de cuidados intensivos, y con COVID-19 asintomática, presentó evolución y pronóstico favorable, con recuperación total de su lesión. Por otro lado, el COVID-19 se puede manifestar de forma severa produciendo un síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico que presenta manifestaciones clínicas poco comunes y que puede empeorar el pronóstico, como fue observado en nuestro otro paciente de siete meses que falleció pese a recibir manejo especializado y oportuno.

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly disseminating, leading to a world pandemics in which we are also affected. In San Borja Peruvian National Children Health Institute, which is the reference center for surgical pediatric patients, 106 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were hospitalized. Of them, 11 presented with burns and two had large burns. The viral infection was diagnosed using molecular testing. We present in detail the case of a pediatric seven-year old patient who had large burns and was taken care of in the intensive care unit. She had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and her outcome was good, with a good prognosis, and she recovered completely and uneventfully. On the other hand, COVID-19 may present as a severe disease leading to a multi- systemic inflammatory syndrome with some uncommon clinical manifestations which affect its prognosis , as it was the case with another seven-month old patient who passed away in spite of having received specialized and timely therapy.

Blefaritis crónica grave. Evolución tórpida de varios años / Severe chronic blepharitis. Torpid evolution of several years

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Advantages of surgical simulation in the surgical reconstruction of oncological patients

BACKGROUND: Stereolithography, which consists of computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD-CAM) and computer simulations, is a manufacturing technologies used for the production of definitive models and prototypes printed in three dimensions, and is widely used in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Surgical procedures using models made by these technologies offer several advantages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article describes three clinical cases of our experiences with patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma and mandibular osteosarcoma, who underwent surgical removal of the lesions and subsequent mandibular reconstruction with a free fibula graft using surgical guides. RESULTS: In all three clinical cases, surgical guides were used for the mandibular osteotomy, fibula osteotomy, and graft placement in the recipient area. DISCUSSION: Surgical guidelines are useful for improving the accuracy of surgical interventions and are appropriate for many types of resection and mandibular reconstruction

Queratitis por Nocardia farcinica en paciente inmunocompetente. Descripción del primer caso en España / Keratitis by Nocardia farcinica in immunocompetent patient. Description of the first case in Spain

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Repair of complete bilateral cleft lip with severely protruding premaxilla performing a premaxillary setback and vomerine ostectomy in one stage surgery

BACKGROUND: The authors present a technique for selected cases of CBCL. The primary repair of the CBCL with a severely protruding premaxilla in one stage surgery is very difficult, essentially because a good muscular apposition is difficult, forcing synchronously to do a premaxillary setback to facilitate subsequent bilateral lip repair and, thus, achieving satisfactory results. We achieve this by a reductive ostectomy on the vomero-premaxillary suture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 4 patients with CBCL and severely protruding premaxilla underwent premaxillary setback by vomerine ostectomy at the same time of lip repair in the past 24 months. The extent of premaxillary setback varied between 9 and 16 mm. The required amount of bone was removed anterior to the vomero-premaxillary suture. The authors did an additional simultaneous gingivoperiosteoplasty in all patients, achieving an enough stability of the premaxilla in its new position, to be able to close the alveolar gap bilaterally. The authors have examined the position of premaxilla and dental arch between 6 and 24 months. We did not do the primary nose correction, because this increased the risk of impairment of the already compromised vascularity of the philtrum and premaxilla. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged between 6 and 24 months. None of the patients had any major complication. During follow-up, the premaxilla was minimally mobile. We achieved a good lip repair in all cases: adequate muscle repair, symmetry of the lip, prolabium and Cupid's bow, as well as good scars. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, there are few reports of one stage surgery with vomerine ostectomy to repair CBCL with severely protruding premaxilla. Doing this vomerine ostectomy, we don't know how it will affect the subsequent growth of the premaxila and restrict the natural maxillary growth. Applying this alternative treatment for children with CBCL and protruded premaxilla without any preoperative orthopedic, we can successfully perform, in a single-stage surgery, a good primary lip repair at our center. Further confirmations of this surgery with follow up and anthropometric studies of these patients during childhood and adolescence are required

Comparative trial between the use of amoxicillin and amoxicillin clavulanate in the removal of third molars

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of amoxicillin (1g) vs amoxicillin and clavulanate (875/125mg) after extraction of retained third molars for prevention of infectious complications. Study DESIGN: The study involved 546 patients attending for removal a retained third molar and divided in to two groups: Group 1 - amoxicillin and clavunate (875/125mg) group (n=257) and Group 2 - amoxicillin (1g) group (n=289). All patients were recalled for investigating the possibility of infection, presence of diarrhea and further analgesic intake. RESULTS: From a total of 546 patients, the frequency of infection was 1.4%, without no statistically differences between the two groups. Group 1 showed statistically higher presence of patients with gastrointestinal complications (p > 0.05). In 546 patients, 2.7% of patients reported severe pain that would not relieve with medication. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that the use of amoxicillin (1g) and amoxicillin and clavunate (875/125mg) is similar efficacious in preventing infection after retained third molar extraction but amoxicillin and clavunate (875/125mg) produces more gastrointestinal discomfor

Técnica Portie IV en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida extrema / Portie IV technique in the surgical treatment of extreme morbid obesity

Introducción: se presenta una serie de 16 pacientes con obesidad mórbida extrema operados con la técnica Portie IV en el hospital universitario general Calixto García. Objetivo: exponer la técnica Portie IV y destacar el uso del método clínico en su concepción quirúrgica atendiendo a la recolección, evaluación y aplicación en su diseño del tipo de obesidad mórbida extrema y las comorbilidades de cada paciente. Métodos: entre febrero de 2007 y febrero de 2012, se realizaron 16 cirugía bariátrica metabólica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida extrema a todos se le aplicó la técnica quirúrgica de derivación gastrobiliopancreática Portie IV. Se recogieron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de obesidad, comorbilidades mayores y menores, eventos perioperatorios y complicaciones. Los resultados de las variables analizadas se muestran en cifras absolutas, medias y porcentaje. Resultados: el sexo femenino predominó en una relación 2-1 con respecto al masculino y la obesidad tipo V (3-1) con respecto a la obesidad tipo IV, el grupo de edad más afectado de los pacientes fue el de entre 28 y 37 años de edad (50 por ciento). Dentro de la comorbilidades la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia y la apnea obstructiva del sueño estuvieron presentes en 100 por ciento de los casos. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 245 minutos. La complicación más frecuente fue el vómito en 4 pacientes de 16 (25 por ciento), mortalidad (6,2 por ciento), 1 paciente de 16. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos a corto, mediano y largo plazo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad extrema con la técnica Portie IV han sido satisfactorios, seguros y efectivos en el cambio de sus estilos de vida(AU)

Introduction: a series of 16 patients with extreme morbid obesity, who were operated on with Portie IV technique in Calixto García general university hospital, was presented. Objectives: to present Portie IV technique and to underline the use of the clinical method in its surgical conception, taking into account the collection, evaluation and implementation in extreme morbid obesity and the comorbidities of each patient. Methods: from February 2007 through February 2012, sixteen bariatric metabolic surgeries were performed in patients with extreme morbid obesity; all of them were applied the Portie IV gastrobiliary pancreatic shunt surgical technique. The following variables were collected: age, sex, type of obesity, major and minor comorbidities, perioperative events and complications. The results of the analyzed variables were shown in absolute, mean and percentage figures. Results: females predominated in 2:1 ratio with respect to males, and type V obesity (3:1) with respect to type IV obesity, the most affected age group was 28-37 years-old (50 percent). Among the comorbidities, blood hypertension, dyslipidemia and obstructive apnea of the sleep were present in 100 percent of cases. The average surgical time was 245 minutes. The most frequent complication was vomiting in 4 (25 percent ) patients out of 16, mortality (6.2 percent ) representing one patient out of 16. Conclusions: the short, medium and long-term results of the surgical treatment of the extreme morbid obesity by using Portie IV technique have been satisfactory, safe and effective in their change of lifestyles(AU)

Técnica Portie IV en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida extrema / Portie IV technique in the surgical treatment of extreme morbid obesity

Introducción: se presenta una serie de 16 pacientes con obesidad mórbida extrema operados con la técnica Portie IV en el hospital universitario general Calixto García. Objetivo: exponer la técnica Portie IV y destacar el uso del método clínico en su concepción quirúrgica atendiendo a la recolección, evaluación y aplicación en su diseño del tipo de obesidad mórbida extrema y las comorbilidades de cada paciente. Métodos: entre febrero de 2007 y febrero de 2012, se realizaron 16 cirugía bariátrica metabólica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida extrema a todos se le aplicó la técnica quirúrgica de derivación gastrobiliopancreática Portie IV. Se recogieron las variables: edad, sexo, tipo de obesidad, comorbilidades mayores y menores, eventos perioperatorios y complicaciones. Los resultados de las variables analizadas se muestran en cifras absolutas, medias y porcentaje. Resultados: el sexo femenino predominó en una relación 2-1 con respecto al masculino y la obesidad tipo V (3-1) con respecto a la obesidad tipo IV, el grupo de edad más afectado de los pacientes fue el de entre 28 y 37 años de edad (50 por ciento). Dentro de la comorbilidades la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia y la apnea obstructiva del sueño estuvieron presentes en 100 por ciento de los casos. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 245 minutos. La complicación más frecuente fue el vómito en 4 pacientes de 16 (25 por ciento), mortalidad (6,2 por ciento), 1 paciente de 16. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos a corto, mediano y largo plazo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad extrema con la técnica Portie IV han sido satisfactorios, seguros y efectivos en el cambio de sus estilos de vida(AU)

Introduction: a series of 16 patients with extreme morbid obesity, who were operated on with Portie IV technique in Calixto García general university hospital, was presented. Objectives: to present Portie IV technique and to underline the use of the clinical method in its surgical conception, taking into account the collection, evaluation and implementation in extreme morbid obesity and the comorbidities of each patient. Methods: from February 2007 through February 2012, sixteen bariatric metabolic surgeries were performed in patients with extreme morbid obesity; all of them were applied the Portie IV gastrobiliary pancreatic shunt surgical technique. The following variables were collected: age, sex, type of obesity, major and minor comorbidities, perioperative events and complications. The results of the analyzed variables were shown in absolute, mean and percentage figures. Results: females predominated in 2:1 ratio with respect to males, and type V obesity (3:1) with respect to type IV obesity, the most affected age group was 28-37 years-old (50 percent). Among the comorbidities, blood hypertension, dyslipidemia and obstructive apnea of the sleep were present in 100 percent of cases. The average surgical time was 245 minutes. The most frequent complication was vomiting in 4 (25 percent ) patients out of 16, mortality (6.2 percent ) representing one patient out of 16. Conclusions: the short, medium and long-term results of the surgical treatment of the extreme morbid obesity by using Portie IV technique have been satisfactory, safe and effective in their change of lifestyles(AU)

Diverticulitis exclusiva de ciego / Unique diverticulitis of the cecum

La diverticulitis cecal es una rara entidad de difícil diagnóstico que con frecuencia se confunde con un proceso apendicular agudo. Los divertículos primarios o de origen congénito, generalmente son únicos, suelen presentarse en una edad más temprana que la enfermedad diverticular cólica (divertículos secundarios). La presencia de estos en el colon derecho se reporta con menor frecuencia, su diagnóstico es en muchas ocasiones indistinguible de la apendicitis aguda y se realiza en la mayoría de los casos durante la laparotomía, el tratamiento es variable, según la literatura abarca desde la resección del divertículo hasta la hemicolectomía derecha. El objetivo de esta presentación es referir la dificultad diagnostica y la alta frecuencia de error diagnóstico que presenta esta entidad

The cecal diverticulitis is a strange disease, difficult to be diagnosed, frequently confused with acute appendicular process. The primary diverticula or those of congenital origin are generally unique; they usually appear at younger age than the colic diverticular disease (secondary diverticula). Their presence in the right colon is less frequently reported, the diagnosis is often confused with that of acute appendicitis and most of cases undergo laparatomy. According to the scientific literature, the treatment is variable, ranging from diverticular resection to right hemi-cholectomy. The objective of this paper was to present the difficulties and the high frequency of errors in diagnosing this disease

Diverticulitis exclusiva de ciego / Unique diverticulitis of the cecum

La diverticulitis cecal es una rara entidad de difícil diagnóstico que con frecuencia se confunde con un proceso apendicular agudo. Los divertículos primarios o de origen congénito, generalmente son únicos, suelen presentarse en una edad más temprana que la enfermedad diverticular cólica (divertículos secundarios). La presencia de estos en el colon derecho se reporta con menor frecuencia, su diagnóstico es en muchas ocasiones indistinguible de la apendicitis aguda y se realiza en la mayoría de los casos durante la laparotomía, el tratamiento es variable, según la literatura abarca desde la resección del divertículo hasta la hemicolectomía derecha. El objetivo de esta presentación es referir la dificultad diagnostica y la alta frecuencia de error diagnóstico que presenta esta entidad(AU)

The cecal diverticulitis is a strange disease, difficult to be diagnosed, frequently confused with acute appendicular process. The primary diverticula or those of congenital origin are generally unique; they usually appear at younger age than the colic diverticular disease (secondary diverticula). Their presence in the right colon is less frequently reported, the diagnosis is often confused with that of acute appendicitis and most of cases undergo laparatomy. According to the scientific literature, the treatment is variable, ranging from diverticular resection to right hemi-cholectomy. The objective of this paper was to present the difficulties and the high frequency of errors in diagnosing this disease(AU)

Ectopic third molar in the mandibular condyle: A review of the literature

Objectives: To evaluate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, therapeutic options, and surgical approaches for removal of ectopic third molars in the mandibular condyle. Study design: MEDLINE search of articles published on ectopic third molars in the mandibular condyle from 1980 to 2011. 14 well-documented clinical cases from the literature were evaluated together with a new clinical case provided by the authors, representing a sample of 15 patients. Results: We found a mean age at diagnosis of 48.6 years and a higher prevalence in women. In 14 patients, associated radiolucent lesions were diagnosed on radiographic studies and confirmed histopathologically as odontogenic cysts. Clinical symptoms were pain and swelling in the jaw or preauricular region, trismus, difficulty chewing, cutaneous fistula and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Treatment included conservative management in one case and in the other cases, surgical removal by intra- or extraoral approaches, the latter being the most common approach carried out. In most reported cases, serious complications were not outlined. Conclusions: The etiopathogenic theory involving odontogenic cysts in the displacement of third molars to the mandibular condyle seems to be the most relevant. They must be removed if they cause symptoms or are associated with cystic pathology. The surgical route must be planned according to the location and position of the ectopic third molar, and the possible morbidity associated with surgery (AU)

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Utilidad de la tomografía de coherencia óptica en la monitorización terapéutica de la escleritis posterior: a propósito de un caso / Usefulness of optical coherence tomography in the treatment and monitoring of posterior scleritis: Report of a case

Caso clínico: Se describen los hallazgos encontrados en la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) antes y después del tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos en un paciente de 51 años con episodios recurrentes de escleritis posterior bilateral sin enfermedad sistémica asociada. Discusión: Consideramos que la OCT puede permitir hacer un seguimiento de las alteraciones patológicas que se suceden en la escleritis posterior, mediante la comparación objetiva y cuantitativa de imágenes, e incluso para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas(AU)

Case report: We describe the findings on optical coherence tomography before and after treatment with corticosteroids in a 51 year old patient with recurrent episodes of bilateral posterior scleritis without associated systemic disease. Discussion: We believe that optical coherence tomography allows the pathological changes that occur in posterior scleritis to be monitored by objective and quantitative comparison of images, and even for therapeutic decisions(AU)

Herida por arma de fuego / Gunshot wound

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La Tos ferina en adolescentes y adultos: ¿hacia una estrategia de vacunación sistemática? / Whooping cough in adolescents and adults:forwards a universal vaccination strategy?

Se realiza una revisión de la situación actual de la tos ferina en nuestro medio, analizando la conveniencia de una vacunación sistemática en adolescentes y adultos. La tos ferina es la enfermedad inmunoprevenible que menos ha descendido en España desde la introducción de la vacuna en el calendario infantil. Por otra parte se observan bolsas importantes de susceptibles entre la población de adolescentes y adultos, que son la fuente principal de infección en niños no inmunizados o parcialmente inmunizados. En la actualidad se dispone de vacunas acelulares para adolescentes y adultos que han demostrado su seguridad e inmunogenicidad. Entre las ventajas de la vacunación a estos grupos destaca la disminución en el número de casos en lactantes, donde la tos ferina ocasiona mayor mortalidad y el hecho de que la infraestructura actual de vacunación a adolescentes que reciben una dosis de Td a los 14-16 años, aseguraría un refuerzo frente a las tres enfermedades con muy altas coberturas, en uno de los últimos momentos establecidos de contacto del adolescente con el sistema sanitario. Los adultos podrían ser captados a través de grupos de riesgo (personal sanitario, personal de guardería, convivientes con lactantes). La limitación más importante de la vacunación a adolescentes y adultos deriva del desconocimiento de la duración de la protección que confiere la vacuna y del nivel mínimo de anticuerpos que proporcionan protección frente a la enfermedad. Se señalan las opiniones, mayoritarias, de los autores que recomiendan la vacunación sistemática en adolescentes y adultos y también otras recientes que son contrarias a la vacunación en estos grupos de población. (AU)