Breakfast consumption, saturated fat intake, and body mass index among medical and non-medical students: a cross-sectional analysis.

Changes in dietary patterns and body weight have become a focus of research in undergraduate students. This study compared breakfast consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and BMI between medical and non-medical students. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 4,561 Peruvian university students, of whom 1,464 (32.1%) were from the medical field and 3,097 (67.9%) from the non-medical field. We compared the frequency of breakfast consumption (categorized as regular: 6 to 7 days/week; occasional: 3 to 5 days/week; and rarely or never: 0 to 2 days/week) and the frequency of consumption of foods high in saturated fat. We created simple and multiple linear and Poisson regression models with robust variance to evaluate the association of the mentioned variables with academic fields. Non-medical students (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99; p = 0.008) were less likely to eat breakfast regularly compared to medical students. Likewise, consumption of foods high in saturated fats was higher in non-medical students (B = 1.47, 95% CI 0.91-2.04; p < 0.001) compared to medical students. Similarly, the mean BMI of these students was significantly higher than that of medical students (B = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.53; p = 0.002). Although medical students reported relatively healthy eating habits and a lower BMI, there is a widespread need to promote improved diet and lifestyle among the entire university population to reduce the risks of communicable diseases and improve quality of life.

Associations between social network addiction, anxiety symptoms, and risk of metabolic syndrome in Peruvian adolescents-a cross-sectional study.

Background: The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population. Objective: This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022. A total of 903 participants were included in the study using a non-probability convenience sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were also collected. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with MetS in a cross-sectional analysis. Results: Males were more likely to have MetS than females (OR = 1.133, p = 0.028). Participants who were 16 years of age or older and those with excess body weight were 2.166, p = 0.013 and 19.414, p < 0.001 times more likely to have MetS, respectively. Additionally, SNA (OR = 1.517, p = 0.016) and the presence of anxiety symptoms (OR = 2.596, p < 0.001) were associated with MetS. Conclusion: Our findings suggest associations between SNA, anxiety symptoms, and MetS among youth. However, more studies are needed to better understand this association and to deepen the possible clinical and public health implications.

Antimicrobial Activity of Apis mellifera Bee Venom Collected in Northern Peru.

Due to the emergence of microorganisms resistant to antibiotics and the failure of antibiotic therapies, there is an urgent need to search for new therapeutic options, as well as new molecules with antimicrobial potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Apis mellifera venom collected in the beekeeping areas of the city of Lambayeque in northern Peru against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bee venom extraction was performed by electrical impulses and separated using the Amicon ultra centrifugal filter. Subsequently, the fractions were quantified by spectrometric 280 nm and evaluated under denaturant conditions in SDS-PAGE. The fractions were pitted against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A purified fraction (PF) of the venom of A. mellifera and three low molecular weight bands of 7 KDa, 6 KDa, and 5 KDa were identified that showed activity against E. coli with a MIC of 6.88 µg/mL, while for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, it did not present a MIC. No hemolytic activity at a concentration lower than 15.6 µg/mL and no antioxidant activity. The venom of A. mellifera contains a potential presence of peptides and a predilection of antibacterial activity against E. coli.

Peroxidación lipídica y estrés laboral en trabajadores de una universidad privada del norte de Perú

Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre los niveles de estrés laboral y la producción de malondialdehído (MDA), como producto de la peroxidación lipídica, en los trabajadores de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo en Chiclayo. Materiales y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, de tipo correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 72 trabajadores, de los cuales 37 eran docentes y 35, administrativos. Se midió espectrofotométricamente el MDA presente en el plasma mediante la reacción con ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA). Para determinar el estrés se utilizó la Escala de Estrés Laboral, elaborada por Ivancevich y Matteson en 1989, y adaptada por Suárez en 2013. El instrumento consta de 25 ítems y está compuesto por siete dimensiones: clima organizacional, estructura organizacional, territorio organizacional, tecnología, influencia del líder, falta de cohesión y respaldo del grupo. Resultados: En la investigación participaron 23 hombres y 49 mujeres. La edad media fue de 45,1 años y la desviación estándar de 11,33, con un mínimo de 25 y máximo de 68 años. El estrés laboral elevado se observó en mayor porcentaje en las dimensiones influencia del líder (19,40 %), estructura organizacional (16,70 %) y territorio organizacional (16,70 %). El 54 % (39) de los trabajadores presentaron niveles altos del MDA, es decir, valores superiores en plasma a 3,94 µM. De ellos, 17 fueron hombres y 22, mujeres. Al evaluar, con Rho de Spearman al 95 % de significancia, la correlación entre los valores de MDA con el sexo, trabajar en otro centro laboral y la atención de hijos en el hogar, resultaron valores de p = 0,08, p = 0,61 y p = 0,33, respectivamente; por lo tanto, no hubo significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Del total de trabajadores evaluados, el 54 % presentó alta concentración de malondialdehído plasmático. Aunque no hubo correlación estadísticamente significativa, las dimensiones con alto nivel de estrés, según la prueba aplicada, influencia del líder, estructura organizacional y territorio organizacional mostraron niveles de estrés en el orden de 19,40 %, 16,70 % y 16,70 %, respectivamente.

Objective: To establish the relationship between occupational stress levels and the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a product of lipid peroxidation, among workers of Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo in Chiclayo. Materials and methods: A descriptive, correlational research. The sample consisted of 72 workers, 37 of whom were professors and 35 administrative staff members. Plasma MDA was measured spectrophotometrically by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. To determine stress, the Occupational Stress Scale, developed by Ivancevich and Matteson in 1989 and adapted by Suárez in 2013, was used. The instrument had 25 items and seven dimensions: organizational climate, organizational structure, organizational territory, technology, leadership influence, lack of cohesion and group support. Results: Twenty-three men and 49 women participated in the research. The mean age was 45.1 years and the standard deviation was 11.33, with a minimum of 25 and a maximum of 68 years. The highest percentage of high occupational stress was observed in the dimensions leadership influence (19.40 %), organizational structure (16.70 %) and organizational territory (16.70 %). A total of 39 workers (54 %), 17 of whom were men and 22 were women, had high levels of MDA-i.e., plasma values higher than 3.94 µM. Spearman's Rho at 95 % confidence interval showed that the correlation between MDA values and sex, working in another workplace and childcare at home were p = 0.08, p = 0.61 and p = 0.33, respectively; therefore, there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: Out of all workers, 54 % had high plasma levels of MDA. Although no statistically significant correlation was found, the dimensions leadership influence, organizational structure and organizational territory showed high stress levels on the order of 19.40 %, 16.70 % and 16.70 %, respectively.

Perfil clínico y epidemiológico en pacientes Covid-19 atendidos en un hospital de la selva peruana 2020 / Clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with Covid-19 treated at a peruvian jungle hospital 2020

Introducción: La epidemia que inició en la ciudad de Wuhan en diciembre del 2019, se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública que avanza a pasos vertiginosos. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico en pacientes Covid-19 atendidos en el Hospital Apoyo I Santiago Apóstol ­ Utcubamba, 2020. Método: El tipo de investigación fue observacional, descriptivo y transversal retrospectivo, La población estuvo constituida por 312 pacientes de la cual se extrajo una muestra de 173 pacientes que cumplía con las condiciones de ser representativa y adecuada. Todo el procesamiento de datos y cálculos estadísticos se realizaron a través del software Microsoft Excel 2019. Resultados: En cuanto a los resultados, se determinó que el perfil epidemiológico: género masculino un total de 102 y género femenino 71, representando el 59,0% y el 41,0% respectivamente; edad promedio de 45 años; lugar de procedencia más afectado, la ciudad de Bagua Grande, con una frecuencia de 162, la cual representa el 93,6%. Respecto al perfil clínico: la diabetes mellitus presento un total de 7 casos, representando el 4,1%; enfermedades cardiovasculares con una frecuencia de 6, representando el 3,5%; malestar general un total de 75 casos, representando el 43,4%; fiebre con una frecuencia de 66 casos, representando el 38,2%; tos con una frecuencia de 56 casos, representando el 32,4%; cefaleas con una frecuencia de 50 casos, representando el 28,9%; y disnea con una frecuencia de 34, representando el 19,7%. Conclusión: El género masculino fue predominante con comorbilidades como Diabetes Mellitus, malestar general y PCR elevada.

Introduction: The epidemic that had its beginning in the city of Wuhan in December 2019, has become a public health problem that is advancing at dizzying steps. Objective: To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile in Covid-19 patients attended at the Hospital Apoyo I Santiago Apóstol - Utcubamba, 2020. Method: The type of research was observational, descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional. The population consisted of 312 patients from which a sample of 173 patients was extracted that met the conditions of being representative and adequate. All data processing and statistical calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 software. Results: Regarding the results, it was determined that the epidemiological profile: male gender a total of 102 and female gender 71, representing 59.0% and 41.0% respectively; average age of 45 years; most affected place of origin, the city of Bagua Grande, with a frequency of 162, which represents 93.6%. Regarding the clinical profile: diabetes mellitus presented a total of 7 cases, representing 4.1%; cardiovascular diseases with a frequency of 6, representing 3.5%; general malaise with a total of 75 cases, representing 43.4%; fever with a frequency of 66 cases, representing 38.2%; cough with a frequency of 56 cases, representing 32.4%; headaches with a frequency of 50 cases, representing 28.9%; and dyspnea with a frequency of 34, representing 19.7%. Conclusion: The male gender was predominant with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, general malaise and elevated CRP.

Nextstrain: una herramienta que analiza la epidemiología molecular del SARS-CoV-2 / Nextstrain: a tool to analyze the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2

La preocupación mundial por el nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV), como una amenaza global para la salud pública, fue el motor para que los análisis filogenéticos sufrieran un crecimiento exponencial. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir el modo de funcionamiento y las bondades de la herramienta Nextstrain, así como el secuenciamiento del virus SARS-CoV-2 en el mundo. Se uso la interfaz de la página de Nextstrain para mostrar sus funcionalidades y los modos de visualización de datos, y se descargaron estos de la web GISAID para mostrar la cantidad de secuenciamientos del SARS-CoV-2 hasta la fecha. Nextstrain es un proyecto de código abierto creado por biólogos bioinformáticos, para aprovechar el potencial científico y de salud pública de los datos de genomas de patógenos. Nextstrain consiste en un conjunto de herramientas que toman secuencias sin procesar (en formato FASTA). Nextstrain realiza una alineación de secuencia de los datos de entrada en alineación de secuencia múltiple basada en la transformación rápida de Fourier. Se basa en el uso de dos softwares: Augur y Auspice. Nextstrain es una herramienta eficaz para mostrar datos epidemiológicos de manera simple para un público no especializado. Puede ser usado en la salud pública, ya que muestra datos en tiempo real de las epidemias y su distribución geográfica. Se puede usar para dar seguimiento a los brotes como es el caso del COVID-19(AU)

Worldwide concern about the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) as a global threat to public health is the reason for the exponential growth of phylogenetic analyses. The purpose of this review was to describe the mode of operation and advantages of the tool Nextstrain, as well as the sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 virus worldwide. The interface of the Nextstrain page was used to show its functions and data visualization modes. These were downloaded from the website GISAID to show the number of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing processes performed so far. Nextstrain is an open code project created by bioinformatics biologists to make good use of the scientific and public health potential of data about genomes of pathogens. Nextstrain consists in a set of tools operating with unprocessed sequences (in FASTA format). Nextstrain performs a sequence alignment of the input data into a multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Its use is based on two software applications: Augur and Auspice. Nextstrain is an efficient tool by which lay people may obtain epidemiological data in a simple manner. It may be used in the public health sector, since it shows real time data about epidemics and their geographic distribution. It may also be used to follow-up outbreaks, as is the case with COVID-19(AU)

Conocimientos y hábitos de protección solar en comerciantes ambulantes del mercado Moshoqueque, Chiclayo / Sun protection knowledge and habits among street vendors of the Moshoqueque market, Chiclayo

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar los conocimientos y hábitos de protección solar en comerciantes ambulantes del mercado Moshoqueque (Chiclayo, Lambayeque), en los meses de enero y febrero del 2020. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se elaboró una ficha de recolección de datos. El tamaño muestral fue de 362 comerciantes ambulantes. Se aplicó el 95 % de confianza, el 5 % de precisión y 50 % de la frecuencia esperada. Resultados La edad promedio fue de 48,54 (DE = 11,6 años) y la mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres (61 %). La mediana del tiempo como comerciantes ambulantes fue 15 años. El 92,50 % de los participantes se expone al sol por 7,6 horas al día. En cuanto a los conocimientos, más del 90 % reconoce que el enrojecimiento y el envejecimiento de la piel son efectos de la radiación ultravioleta (RUV). Respecto a los hábitos de protección solar, el 34 % nunca usa bloqueador y el 90 % no usa sombrero de ala ancha, pero sí visera y sombrilla. Conclusiones Los comerciantes conocen que el enrojecimiento y el envejecimiento son productos de la radiación ultravioleta. Sin embargo, desconocen que el dolor de cabeza no es causado por RUV y que después de tener una quemadura solar es necesario utilizar fotoprotección. En cuanto a hábitos de protección, nunca usan bloqueador, pero sí visera o gorro (pero no sombreros de ala ancha). Trabajan alrededor de 7,6 h diarias, por más de una década.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the sun protection knowledge and habits among street vendors of the Moshoqueque market (Chiclayo, Lambayeque) in January and February 2020. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. A data collection sheet was prepared. The sample consisted of 362 street vendors. A 95 % confidence interval, 5 % accuracy and 50 % of the expected frequency were applied. Results: The average age of the study subjects was 48.54 (SD = 11.6 years) and most of them were women (61 %). The median time as street vendors was 15 years. Ninety-two point five percent (92.5 %) were exposed to the sun 7.6 hours per day. Regarding sun protection knowledge, more than 90 % were aware that skin redness and aging are effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). As for their sun protection habits, 34 % never used sunscreen, 90 % did not wear wide-brimmed hats, but they used visors and umbrellas. Conclusions Vendors know that redness and aging are the result of UVR. However, they do not know that headache is not caused by UVR and that after sun burning it is still necessary to use sunscreen. As for their sun protection habits, they never use sunscreen; they wear a visor or a hat (but not wide-brimmed hats). They have worked around 7.6 hours a day for more than a decade.

Detección de los genes SHV, TEM Y CTX-M en cepas de Escherichia coli ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido procedentes de un Hospital de Chiclayo- Perú / Detection of SHV, TEM and CTX-M genes in extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli in a Hospital in Chiclayo- Peru

Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de genes TEM, SHV y CTX-M en cepas de Escherichia coli ß-lactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE), aisladas de un Hospital de Chiclayo. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal, con muestreo por conveniencia. Resultados: 50 cepas de E. coli fueron aisladas de 04 áreas de hospitalización. Todas fueron confirmadas fenotípicamente como productoras de BLEE. A nivel molecular, utilizando la técnica de PCR, 16% presentaron el gen TEM, 44% el SHV, 20% el CTXM, 4% presentaron los tres genes y un 20% no presentó ninguno de los tres genes en estudio. Conclusiones: Las cepas BLEE halladas son de particular importancia por mostrar multirresistencia a antibióticos hasta de cuarta generación. Se reportan cepas que expresan hasta tres genes haciéndolas más patógenas en comparación con otras cepas.