Formación universitaria en actividad física: explorando competencias y evaluación desde las guías docentes / University training in physical activity: exploring competences and assessment

Este estudio persigue analizar, explorar y comparar guías docentes de dos titulaciones universitarias españolas de Grado referidas a la formación en actividad física desde el modelo basado en competencias. Se realizó un análisis documental delas competencias y un análisis de los sistemas de evaluación, desde un prisma formativo,de54 guías docentes de asignaturas de tipología común en ambas titulaciones, consiguiéndose, tras ello, variables medibles. Se aplicóun análisis MANOVA Biplot que permitió representar gráficamente las variables que caracterizaron a las asignaturas. Los resultados mostraron diferencias sustanciales entre las titulaciones y entre perfiles de asignaturas en el Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, que no acontecieron en el Grado en Magisterio de Educación Primaria mención Educación Física. El estudio muestra un modelo de análisis útil para la evaluación de la calidad de las guías docentes que podría ser extrapolado y ajustado a otras titulaciones. (AU)

This study seeks to analize, explore and compare teaching guides of two Spanish degrees related to training in physical activity from the competency- bassed model. A documentary analysis of the competencies and an analysis of the assessment systems, according to formative point of view, in 54 subject teaching guides in common typology of both degrees, obtaining at the end mesurables variables. A MANOVA Biplot analysis is applied to graphically represent the variables that characterize each subject profile. Its application shows substantial differences between degrees and, also, between the three subject profiles in the Degree in Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, which do not happend in the Degree in Teacher Initial Training (Physical Education at Primary School). Eventually, the study shows a useful analysis model for evaluating the quality of teaching guides that could be extrapolated and met to other degrees. (AU)

[Analysis of the use of proton pump inhibitors in primary health care]. / Análisis de la utilización de inhibidores de la bomba de protones en Atención Primaria.

OBJECTIVE: The increase in the consumption of anti-ulcer drugs is accompanied by a high rate of incorrect use. The objectives of this study were to analyse the adequacy of repeat prescriptions of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in a Medical Centre, and to evaluate the efficacy of an improvement intervention. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study of prevalence was conducted on patients in a medical centre under treatment with PPIs for at least 3consecutive months (November 2016-January 2017). An analysis was performed that included the indication, dosage and time of treatment with PPIs, drug interactions, and possible risks that could be related with their use. An intervention was carried out to optimise rational and efficient prescribing of these medicines. RESULTS: A total of 703 patients were included in the study, which is 5.4% of the total adult patients that are assigned to the centre. Adequacy criteria were not met by 436 (62.0%). Of these, 52.5% were women, 70.0% were over 65 years old, and had been on treatment for a mean of 2.7 ± 1.9 years. Interactions were observed in 48.1%, and 29.0% had some risk factors. After the intervention, the inadequate prescribing was corrected in 112 (25.7%) patients, which was a reduction of 46.1% (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of prescription and inadequacy of PPIs in the long term. This suggests that it is necessary to improve training of professionals to strengthen rational use and to reduce risks. The launch of an intervention programme has led to the revision and optimisation of treatments.

A 7.2 keV spherical x-ray crystal backlighter for two-frame, two-color backlighting at Sandia's Z Pulsed Power Facility.

Many experiments on Sandia National Laboratories' Z Pulsed Power Facility-a 30 MA, 100 ns rise-time, pulsed-power driver-use a monochromatic quartz crystal backlighter system at 1.865 keV (Si Heα) or 6.151 keV (Mn Heα) x-ray energy to radiograph an imploding liner (cylindrical tube) or wire array z-pinch. The x-ray source is generated by the Z-Beamlet laser, which provides two 527-nm, 1 kJ, 1-ns laser pulses. Radiographs of imploding, thick-walled beryllium liners at convergence ratios CR above 15 [CR=ri(0)/ri(t)] using the 6.151-keV backlighter system were too opaque to identify the inner radius ri of the liner with high confidence, demonstrating the need for a higher-energy x-ray radiography system. Here, we present a 7.242 keV backlighter system using a Ge(335) spherical crystal with the Co Heα resonance line. This system operates at a similar Bragg angle as the existing 1.865 keV and 6.151 keV backlighters, enhancing our capabilities for two-color, two-frame radiography without modifying the system integration at Z. The first data taken at Z include 6.2-keV and 7.2-keV two-color radiographs as well as radiographs of low-convergence (CR about 4-5), high-areal-density liner implosions.

Experimental Demonstration of the Stabilizing Effect of Dielectric Coatings on Magnetically Accelerated Imploding Metallic Liners.

Enhanced implosion stability has been experimentally demonstrated for magnetically accelerated liners that are coated with 70 µm of dielectric. The dielectric tamps liner-mass redistribution from electrothermal instabilities and also buffers coupling of the drive magnetic field to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability. A dielectric-coated and axially premagnetized beryllium liner was radiographed at a convergence ratio [CR=Rin,0/Rin(z,t)] of 20, which is the highest CR ever directly observed for a strengthless magnetically driven liner. The inner-wall radius Rin(z,t) displayed unprecedented uniformity, varying from 95 to 130 µm over the 4.0 mm axial height captured by the radiograph.

SEOM guide to primary and secondary prevention of cancer: 2014

PURPOSE: The current incidence of cancer in the world is 14 million cases in 2012, with a mortality rate of 8.2 million in that year. The incidence of cancer in Spain exceeds 215,000 cases a year, and survival rates are the highest when compared to those of our neighbouring countries. Among the reasons for the steady decrease in cancer mortality rates in Spain, two causes must be highlighted: the increasing efficacy of treatment and prevention measures. It is important evaluate the opportunity of early detection and prevention in these tumors. METHODS: We have reviewed the evidence published in the most prevalent tumors. The evidence levels described in this paper are based on the GRADE system. RESULTS: We show the recommendations about primary and secondary prevention in breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. CONCLUSION: The diffusion of these preventive tools can reduce the incidence of cancer and increase the number of early diagnostics in the most prevalent tumors.(AU)

Experimental demonstration of fusion-relevant conditions in magnetized liner inertial fusion.

This Letter presents results from the first fully integrated experiments testing the magnetized liner inertial fusion concept [S. A. Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010)], in which a cylinder of deuterium gas with a preimposed 10 Taxial magnetic field is heated by Z beamlet, a 2.5 kJ, 1 TW laser, and magnetically imploded by a 19 MA, 100 ns rise time current on the Z facility. Despite a predicted peak implosion velocity of only 70 km = s, the fuel reaches a stagnation temperature of approximately 3 keV, with T(e) ≈ T(i), and produces up to 2 x 10(12) thermonuclear deuterium-deuterium neutrons. X-ray emission indicates a hot fuel region with full width at half maximum ranging from 60 to 120 µm over a 6 mm height and lasting approximately 2 ns. Greater than 10(10) secondary deuterium-tritium neutrons were observed, indicating significant fuel magnetization given that the estimated radial areal density of the plasma is only 2 mg = cm(2).

Understanding fuel magnetization and mix using secondary nuclear reactions in magneto-inertial fusion.

Magnetizing the fuel in inertial confinement fusion relaxes ignition requirements by reducing thermal conductivity and changing the physics of burn product confinement. Diagnosing the level of fuel magnetization during burn is critical to understanding target performance in magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) implosions. In pure deuterium fusion plasma, 1.01 MeV tritons are emitted during deuterium-deuterium fusion and can undergo secondary deuterium-tritium reactions before exiting the fuel. Increasing the fuel magnetization elongates the path lengths through the fuel of some of the tritons, enhancing their probability of reaction. Based on this feature, a method to diagnose fuel magnetization using the ratio of overall deuterium-tritium to deuterium-deuterium neutron yields is developed. Analysis of anisotropies in the secondary neutron energy spectra further constrain the measurement. Secondary reactions also are shown to provide an upper bound for the volumetric fuel-pusher mix in MIF. The analysis is applied to recent MIF experiments [M. R. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 155003 (2014)] on the Z Pulsed Power Facility, indicating that significant magnetic confinement of charged burn products was achieved and suggesting a relatively low-mix environment. Both of these are essential features of future ignition-scale MIF designs.

SEOM guide to primary and secondary prevention of cancer: 2014.

PURPOSE: The current incidence of cancer in the world is 14 million cases in 2012, with a mortality rate of 8.2 million in that year. The incidence of cancer in Spain exceeds 215,000 cases a year, and survival rates are the highest when compared to those of our neighbouring countries. Among the reasons for the steady decrease in cancer mortality rates in Spain, two causes must be highlighted: the increasing efficacy of treatment and prevention measures. It is important evaluate the opportunity of early detection and prevention in these tumors. METHODS: We have reviewed the evidence published in the most prevalent tumors. The evidence levels described in this paper are based on the GRADE system. RESULTS: We show the recommendations about primary and secondary prevention in breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. CONCLUSION: The diffusion of these preventive tools can reduce the incidence of cancer and increase the number of early diagnostics in the most prevalent tumors.

Tracking an imploding cylinder with photonic Doppler velocimetry.

Cylindrical implosion offers a path to extreme material states, reaching considerably higher pressures than planar geometry. However, diagnosing compressed material in cylindrical geometry is challenging. Time-resolved velocimetry, a standard technique in planar compression, is difficult to incorporate into cylindrical experiments. This paper describes the use of photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) in magnetically driven cylindrical compression experiments at the Sandia Z machine. With this diagnostic, it is possible to track the interior of an imploding cylinder beyond 20 km/s. A "leapfrog" implementation is described to support velocities well above the bandwidth limits of standard PDV measurements.

Observations of modified three-dimensional instability structure for imploding z-pinch liners that are premagnetized with an axial field.

Novel experimental data are reported that reveal helical instability formation on imploding z-pinch liners that are premagnetized with an axial field. Such instabilities differ dramatically from the mostly azimuthally symmetric instabilities that form on unmagnetized liners. The helical structure persists at nearly constant pitch as the liner implodes. This is surprising since, at the liner surface, the azimuthal drive field presumably dwarfs the axial field for all but the earliest stages of the experiment. These fundamentally 3D results provide a unique and challenging test for 3D-magnetohydrodynamics simulations.

Penetrating radiography of imploding and stagnating beryllium liners on the Z accelerator.

The implosions of initially solid beryllium liners (tubes) have been imaged with penetrating radiography through to stagnation. These novel radiographic data reveal a high degree of azimuthal correlation in the evolving magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor structure at times just prior to (and during) stagnation, providing stringent constraints on the simulation tools used by the broader high energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion communities. To emphasize this point, comparisons to 2D and 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations are also presented. Both agreement and substantial disagreement have been found, depending on how the liner's initial outer surface finish was modeled. The various models tested, and the physical implications of these models are discussed. These comparisons exemplify the importance of the experimental data obtained.

[Validity study of the current risk assessment scale for pressure ulcers in intensive care (EVARUCI)]. / Estudio de validez de la Escala de Valoración Actual del Riesgo de desarrollar Ulceras por presión en Cuidados Intensivos (EVARUCI).

UNLABELLED: Pressure ulcers (PU) are the most frequent injuries in critical patients whose management is the responsibility of the nurses. The first step for its prevention is to determine the patients at risk; however the usual risk assessment scales (Norton, Braden, etc.) do not have adequate specificity to do this. AIM: To study the validity of a current risk assessment scale of pressure ulcers in intensive care (EVARUCI). DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive study. SUBJECTS: Adult patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in the Hospital of Fuenlabrada without PU from February, the 1st, 2005 to January, the 31st, 2006. Demographic data were obtained from the admission records. Data on EVARUCI were daily collected and the patients were studied until they developed 1 of 2 outcomes: a) they developed a PU, or b) they left the ICU (death or exit to other nursing ward). METHODS: Four validity indexes were used: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was also used. These indicators were applied to the mean scores during the entire stay and to the initial and final scores in both groups (PU and NO PU). The SPSS v. 12.0 was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included, 62 of whom finished the study. Eleven patients (17.74%) developed PU. Of these, 57.69% were grade I. The most frequent site was in the sacral area (26.92%) and heels (23.08%). The results of the mean of the scores on the EVARUCI mean, initial and final data were: sensitivity (100%, 100%, 90.91%), specificity (68.63%, 49.02%, 92.16%), positive predictive value (40.74%, 29.73%, 71.43%) and negative predictive value (100%, 100%, 97.2%). AUC of ROC was 0.938, 0.909, 0.952, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The EVARUCI scale is valid to detect patients at risk of development PU in ICU.

Estudio de validez de la Escala de Valoración Actual del Riesgo de desarrollar Úlceras por presión en Cuidados Intensivos (EVARUCI) / Validity study of the current risk assessment scale for pressure ulcers in intensive care (EVARUCI)

Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones másfrecuentes en los pacientes críticos y su manejo escompetencia de la enfermera. El primer paso para suprevención consiste en la determinación del riesgo ypara ello las escalas habituales (Norton, Braden, etc.)no tienen una adecuada especificidad.Objetivo. Determinar la validez de la Escala deValoración Actual del Riesgo de desarrollar Úlceraspor presión en Cuidados Intensivos (EVARUCI).Diseño. Estudio prospectivo descriptivo.Sujetos. Pacientes adultos ingresados en la Unidad deCuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital deFuenlabrada sin UPP entre el 1 de febrero de 2005 yel 31 de enero de 2006. Los datos demográficosfueron obtenidos de admisión y diariamente se evaluóy registró la puntuación obtenida en EVARUCI. Lospacientes siguieron en el estudio hasta quedesarrollaron UPP (grupo UPP), o salieron de la UCIpor muerte o traslado (grupo NO UPP).Metodología. Se emplearon 4 indicadores de validez:sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo yvalor predictivo negativo. También se empleó el áreabajo la curva ROC (receiver operatingcharacteristic). Estos indicadores se aplicaron a lamedia de las puntuaciones durante toda la estancia, ya las puntuaciones iniciales y a las finales en ambosgrupos (UPP y NO UPP); para el análisis estadístico seaplicó el paquete SPSS v. 12.0.Resultados. Noventa y siete pacientes fueronincluidos, de los que 62 finalizaron el estudio.Desarrollaron UPP 11 pacientes (17,74%). El 57,69%fue de grado I; la localización más frecuente fue enzona sacra (26,92%) y talones 23,08%. Los resultadosde la media de las puntuaciones en EVARUCI, laspuntuaciones iniciales y finales fueron: sensibilidad(100%, 100%, 90,91%), especificidad (68,63%,49,02%, 92,16%), valor predictivo positivo (40,74%,29,73%, 71,43%), valor predictivo negativo (100%,100%, 97,2%). El área bajo la curva ROC fue de 0,938,0,909 y 0,952 respectivamente.Conclusiones. La escala EVARUCI es válida para detectarpacientes críticos con riesgo de desarrollar UPP

Aim. To study the validity of a current riskassessment scale of pressure ulcers in intensive care(EVARUCI).Design. Prospective, descriptive study.Subjects. Adult patients admitted to Intensive CareUnit (ICU) in the Hospital of Fuenlabrada withoutPU from February, the 1st, 2005 to January, the 31st,2006. Demographic data were obtained from theadmission records. Data on EVARUCI were dailycollected and the patients were studied until theydeveloped 1 of 2 outcomes: a) they developed a PU,or b) they left the ICU (death or exit to othernursing ward).Methods. Four validity indexes were used:sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value andnegative predictive value. The area under the curve(AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) was also used. These indicators were appliedto the mean scores during the entire stay and to theinitial and final scores in both groups (PU and NOPU). The SPSS v. 12.0 was used for the statisticalanalysis.Results. A total of 97 patients were included, 62 ofwhom finished the study. Eleven patients (17.74%)developed PU. Of these, 57.69% were grade I. Themost frequent site was in the sacral area (26.92%)and heels (23.08%). The results of the mean of thescores on the EVARUCI mean, initial and final datawere: sensitivity (100%, 100%, 90.91%), specificity(68.63%, 49.02%, 92.16%), positive predictive value(40.74%, 29.73%, 71.43%) and negative predictivevalue (100%, 100%, 97.2%). AUC of ROC was 0.938,0.909, 0.952, respectively.Conclusions. The EVARUCI scale is valid to detectpatients at risk of development PU in ICU

(Z)-3-p-tolylsulfinylacrylonitriles as chiral dipolarophiles: reactions with diazoalkanes.

[reaction: see text] The dipolarophilic reactivity of enantiopure (Z)-3-p-tolylsulfinylacrylonitriles (1) has been evaluated with diazoalkanes. 3-Cyanopyrazoles are obtained when R = H, but with R = alkyl (Bn, n-Bu, and t-Bu) only one cycloadduct (4 or 5) is formed in high yield under mild conditions, therefore evidencing a complete control of the regioselectivity and the endo/exo and pi-facial selectivities. These reactions are a new straightforward entry to the synthesis of pyrazolines and related structures and reveal the excellent dipolarophilic features of (Z)-sulfinylacrylonitriles.

Anti-proliferative effect of two lactic acid bacteria strains of human origin on the growth of a myeloma cell line.

AIMS: Twenty lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from human faeces and tested by MTT assay for stimulation or inhibition of the proliferation of Vero and myeloma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: None of the strains significantly affected the proliferation of Vero cells. However, two isolates (HN1 and HA8) showed a strong inhibition of myeloma cell proliferation (16.7 and 5.0%, respectively) by MTT assay. CONCLUSION: Both strains have an anti-proliferative effect on a tumoral cell line. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The beneficial effect of LAB cancer therapy has been linked to their ability for immunomodulation.

[Quality control of nursing records]. / Control de calidad en los registros de enfermería.

Nursing records are one of the main sources of information about the status of patients admitted to intensive care units. In spite of its importance, this information is not always written down. The objective of this study was to analyze the level of compliance and content of sections related with nursing records, overall and by shifts. A retrospective analysis was made of 14 variables in 358 nursing charts chosen randomly, involving a total of 1.075 shifts. The study variables analyzed were: 1) monitoring, 2) medication, 3) losses, 4) nursing incidents, 5) cures, 6) changes, 7) pressure sores, 8) physical therapy, 9) respirator recordings, and 10) nurses' comments (classified by content into 11) systems, 12) priorities, 13) personal observations, and 14) duplication of information. Nursing records related with medical therapy had a significantly better compliance than records of nursing activities per se. When the variables were analyzed by shifts, the only statistically significant variable was nurses' comments. Systems being the modality most frequently used. We conclude that nursing records, which inform us of the patient's status, showed a good level of compliance. Records of therapeutic medical activities were of better quality than those directly related with nursing activities per se.

Determination of the efficacy of topical oral pilocarpine for postirradiation xerostomia in patients with head and neck carcinoma.

Pilocarpine hydrochloride suspended in a candy-like pastille was evaluated as a topical treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. This local delivery system, which differs from systemically administered pilocarpine preparations, was developed to hopefully maximize the local response and minimize the systemic side effects. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to determine objective and subjective efficacy in reversing the decrease in salivation. Forty previously irradiated patients received increasingly higher pilocarpine dosages in pastilles for 5 successive weeks. At each successive dose of pilocarpine, no significant increased salivation was noted. However, 25 (74%) of 34 patients reported that pilocarpine alleviated their subjective xerostomia. Topical pilocarpine administration has shown similar results to previous systemic delivery methods for radiation-induced xerostomia, but with improved patient tolerance.