Conceptualization of patient-centered care in Latin America: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Patient-centered care (PCC) has been declared as a desirable goal for health care in Latin American countries, but a coherent definition of what exactly PCC entails for clinical practice is missing. This article's aim was to identify how PCC is conceptualized in Latin American countries. METHODS: Scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science) and webpages of the ministries of health were searched, and experts were contacted for suggestions of literature. References were included if they contained one of a range of a priori defined keywords related to PCC in the title, were published between 2006 and 2021, and were carried out in or concerned Latin America. Definitions of PCC were extracted from the included articles and analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Deductive coding was based on the integrative model of patient-centeredness, which unites the definitions of PCC in the international literature (mainly North America and Europe) and proposes 16 dimensions describing PCC. RESULTS: Thirty-two articles were included in the analysis and about half of them were from Brazil. Numerous similarities were found between the integrative model of patient-centeredness and the definitions of PCC given in the selected literature. The dimensions of the integrative model of patient-centeredness that were least and most prominent in the literature were physical support and patient information, respectively. A differentiation between PCC and family-centered care (FCC) was observed. Definitions of PCC and FCC as well as their cited references were diverse. CONCLUSION: A considerable overlap between the conceptualization of PCC in Latin America and the integrative model of patient-centeredness has been identified. However, there are substantial differences between countries in Latin America regarding the emphasis of research on PCC versus FCC and diverse conceptualizations of PCC and FCC exist. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION: This scoping review takes the patient's perspective based on the integrative model of patient-centeredness. Due to the study being a review, no patients, neither caregivers, nor members of the public, were involved.

What is needed to effectively communicate risk during a health crisis? A qualitative study with international experts based on the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify a framework for risk communication during health crises by using the current pandemic as a case study. DESIGN: A qualitative study based on individual interviews. SETTING: Different countries with diverse levels of perceived success on risk communication during the COVID-19 health crisis. PARTICIPANTS: International experts with experience in health crisis management or risk communication. ANALYSIS: A thematic analysis was performed supported by Atlas.ti. RESULTS: Four men and six women took part in the study (three from Europe, two from Latin America, two from North America, one from Asia and two from Oceania). Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) institutionalising the communication strategy; (2) defining the problem that needs to be faced; (3) developing an effective communication strategy. CONCLUSION: Risk communication during a health crisis requires preparation of governments and of health teams in order to produce and deliver effective messages as well as to help communities to make informed and healthy decisions. This is particularly relevant for slow disasters, such as COVID-19, as the strategy must innovate to avoid information fatigue of the audience. The findings of this article could inform guidelines to best equip countries for a clear communication strategy for future crises. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021234443.

[Developing a Self-Instruction Tool for Respectful Care in Healthcare: Design and Validation Process]. / Construcción y validación de una herramienta de auto instrucción para el Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico.

INTRODUCTION: Respectful care is a relationship between professionals and patients based on deep respect and assessment of the person's dignity. AIM: Describe the design and validation process of the auto-instruction tool for Respectful Care in healthcare. METHOD: A mixed methods study based on the content analysis proposed by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of clinical teachers and undergraduate students, a systematic review ofscientific literature, and the consensus and opinion of national experts in health education. The data were obtained through focus groups and surveys. RESULTS: A Respectful Care self-instruction tool was built by three instruments: a) assessment guideline; b) a List of actions related to the dimensions of respectful care and health care, and c) a Modelfor elaborating a personal improvement and monitoring plan. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that Respectful care requires professionals responsible for their work who have achieved competencies to provide respectful health care. In that sense, HBT can be understood as a proposalfor continuous improvement in the clinical training of students and health professionals.

El Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico de enfermería: características y atributos / Respectful Care in clinical nursing care: characteristics and attributes

Objetivo principal: describir características, atributos y acciones específicas del cuidado de enfermería respetuoso del Buen Trato. Metodología: estudio de métodos mixtos basado en el análisis de contenido de Kyngäs sobre una muestra de enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería. Se realizaron grupos focales y encuestas. Resultados principales: se identificaron cuatro dimensiones: (a) significado del Buen Trato en la atención de Enfermería, (b) conductas que reflejan una atención de enfermería que respeta el Buen Trato, (c) conductas que vulneran el Buen Trato y (d) dificultades de los estudiantes para otorgar cuidado respetuoso. Conclusión principal: El Buen Trato se basa en una relación enfermera-usuario construida sobre el respeto y reconocimiento de la dignidad de las personas. El proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje orientado al Buen Trato en enfermería requiere que integrar conocimientos teóricos, prácticos y actitudinales, que permita a los profesionales contar con las competencias necesarias para brindar cuidado respetuoso.(AU)

Objective: to describe the characteristics and attributes and the specific actions of a respectful nursing care. Methods: Method: a mixed methods study based on the content analysis by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of nurses and nursing students. The data was obtained through focus groups and surveys. Results: four dimensions are identified: (a) meaning of Respectful Care in Nursing care, (b) behaviors that reflect a Respectful nursing Care, (c) behaviors that violate Respectful Care and (d) difficulties of the students to include the Respectful Care in their practice. Conclusions: A Respectful Care is based on the nurse-patient relationship where patients are treated with respect for their dignity. The teaching/learning process with focus on Respectful Care in nursing requires to integrate theoretical, practical and attitudinal knowledge, which allows professionals to have the necessary skills to provide respectful care.(AU)