Treatment of three pediatric AML co-expressing NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1.

During the treatment of 89 pediatric patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) at the Hematology Department of Kunming Medical University's Children's Hospital from 2020 to 2023, three patients were identified to co-express the NUP98-NSD1, FLT3-ITD, and WT1 gene mutations. The bone marrow of these three patients was screened for high-risk genetic mutations using NGS and qPCR at the time of diagnosis. The treatment was administered following the China Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-AML-2019 protocol. All three patients exhibited a fusion of the NUP98 exon 12 with the NSD1 exon 6 and co-expressed the FLT3-ITD and WT1 mutations; two of the patients displayed normal karyotypes, while one presented chromosomal abnormalities. During the induction phase of the CCLG-AML-2019 treatment protocol, the DAH (Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) and IAH (Idarubicin, Cytarabine, and Homoharringtonine) regimens, in conjunction with targeted drug therapy, did not achieve remission. Subsequently, the patients were shifted to the relapsed/refractory chemotherapy regimen C + HAG (Cladribine, Homoharringtonine, Cytarabine, and G-CSF) for two cycles, which also failed to induce remission. One patient underwent Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (Haplo-HSCT) and achieved complete molecular remission during a 12-month follow-up period. Regrettably, the other two patients, who did not receive transplantation, passed away. The therapeutic conclusion is that pediatric AML patients with the aforementioned co-expression do not respond to chemotherapy. Non-remission transplantation, supplemented with tailor-made pre- and post-transplant strategies, may enhance treatment outcomes.

Highly efficient and sensitive detection of tetracycline in environmental water: Insights into the synergistic mechanism of biomass-derived carbon dots and N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent.

The tetracycline (TC) residue in water environment has caused serious public safety issue. Thus, efficient sensing of TC is highly desirable for environmental protection. Herein, biomass-derived nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) synthesized from natural Ophiopogon japonicus f. nanus (O. japonicus) were used for TC detection. The unique solvent synergism efficiently enhanced detection sensitivity, and the detailed sensing mechanism was deeply investigated. The blue fluorescence of N-CDs was quenched by TC via static quenching and inner filter effect. Moreover, the enhancement of green fluorescence from deprotonated TC was firstly proposed and sufficiently verified. The solvent effect of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) with N-CDs achieved an instantaneous enhancement of the green emission by 64-fold. Accordingly, a ratiometric fluorescence method was constructed for rapid and sensitive sensing of TC with a low detection limit of 6.3 nM within 60 s. The synergistic effect of N-CDs and solvent assistance significantly improved the sensitivity by 7-fold compared to that in water. Remarkably, the biomass-derived N-CDs displayed low cost, good solubility, and desired stability. The deep insights into the synergism with solvent can provide prospects for the utilization of biomass-based materials and broaden the development of advanced sensors with promising applications.

A computational account of conflict processing during mental imagery.

Previous studies examining conflict processing within the context of a color-word Stroop task have focused on both stimulus and response conflicts. However, it has been unclear whether conflict can emerge independently of stimulus conflict. In this study, a novel arrow-gaze mental-rotation Stroop task was introduced to explore the interplay between conflict processing and mental rotation. A modelling approach was utilized to provide a process-level account of the findings. The results of our Stroop task indicate that conflict can emerge from mental rotation in the absence of stimulus conflict. The strength of this imagery conflict effect decreases and even reverses as mental rotation angles increase. Additionally, it was observed that participants responded more quickly and with greater accuracy to small rather than large face orientations. A comparison of three conflict diffusion models-the diffusion model for conflict tasks (DMC), the dual-stage two-phase model (DSTP), and the shrinking spotlight model (SSP)-yielded consistent support for the DSTP over the DMC and SSP in the majority of instances. The DSTP account of the experimental results revealed an increased nondecision time with increasing mental rotation, a reduction in interference from incompatible stimuli, and an improved drift rate in response selection phase, which suggests enhanced cognitive control. The findings from the model-based analysis provide evidence for a novel interaction between cognitive control and mental rotation.

Macrophages exploit the mannose receptor and JAK-STAT1-MHC-II pathway to drive antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response after BCG vaccination.

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb), remains one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. The only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy against TB in adults. Insufficiency of immune cell function diminishes the protective effects of the BCG vaccine. It is critical to clarify the mechanism underlying the antimycobacterial immune response during BCG vaccination. Macrophage mannose receptor (MR) is important for enhancing the uptake and processing of glycoconjugated antigens from pathogens for presentation to T cells, but the roles of macrophage MR in the BCG-induced immune response against M. tb are not yet clear. Here, we discover that macrophage MR deficiency impairs the antimycobacterial immune response in BCG-vaccinated mice. Mechanistically, macrophage MR triggers JAK-STAT1 signaling, which promotes antigen presentation via upregulated MHC-II and induces IL-12 production by macrophages, contributing to CD4 + T cell activation and IFN-γ production. MR deficiency in macrophages reduces the vaccine efficacy of BCG and increases susceptibility to M. tb H37Ra challenge in mice. Our results suggest that MR is critical for macrophage antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response to BCG vaccination and offer valuable guidance for the preventive strategy of BCG immunization.

The differential impact of face distractors on visual working memory across encoding and delay stages.

External distractions often occur when information must be retained in visual working memory (VWM)-a crucial element in cognitive processing and everyday activities. However, the distraction effects can differ if they occur during the encoding rather than the delay stages. Previous research on these effects used simple stimuli (e.g., color and orientation) rather than considering distractions caused by real-world stimuli on VWM. In the present study, participants performed a facial VWM task under different distraction conditions across the encoding and delay stages to elucidate the mechanisms of distraction resistance in the context of complex real-world stimuli. VWM performance was significantly impaired by delay-stage but not encoding-stage distractors (Experiment 1). In addition, the delay distraction effect arose primarily due to the absence of distractor process at the encoding stage rather than the presence of a distractor during the delay stage (Experiment 2). Finally, the impairment in the delay-distraction condition was not due to the abrupt appearance of distractors (Experiment 3). Taken together, these findings indicate that the processing mechanisms previously established for resisting distractions in VWM using simple stimuli can be extended to more complex real-world stimuli, such as faces.

Associations between temporal eating patterns and body composition in young adults: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between body composition and temporal eating patterns, including time of first eating occasion, time of last eating occasion, eating window, and eating jet lag (the variability in meal timing between weekdays and weekends). METHODS: A total of 131 participants were included in the study. Temporal eating pattern information was collected through consecutive 7-day eat timing questionnaires and photographic food records. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships of temporal eating patterns with body composition, and age was adjusted. Eating midpoint was additionally adjusted in the analysis of eating window. RESULTS: On weekdays, both later first eating occasion and last eating occasion were associated with lower lean mass, and longer eating window was associated with lower body fat percentage. On weekends, both later first eating occasion and last eating occasion were associated with lower lean mass, and longer eating window was associated with higher FFMI. Longer first eating occasion jet lag was associated with lower lean mass. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that earlier and more regular eating patterns may have a benefit on body composition.

Effects of time-restricted eating on intrahepatic fat and metabolic health among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

OBJECTIVE: The study's objective was to explore whether early time-restricted eating (eTRE) and late time-restricted eating (lTRE) have different impacts on intrahepatic fat and metabolic health among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: This is an 8-week, randomized, parallel-arm, open-label trial. Forty eligible patients were randomly assigned to eTRE (eating between 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.) or lTRE (eating between 12:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.). The primary outcome was the change of intrahepatic fat measured by magnetic resonance image-derived proton density fat fraction. Secondary outcomes included changes in weight, body composition, liver function, and cardiometabolic factors. RESULTS: Forty participants who underwent randomization completed the trial (mean age: 38.25 years). The eTRE group had a -3.24% absolute reduction of intrahepatic fat (95% CI: -4.55% to -1.92%) and there was a -3.51% absolute reduction for the lTRE group (95% CI: -5.10% to -1.92%). Changes in intrahepatic fat were not statistically different between the two groups. Both the eTRE and lTRE groups had similar and significant reductions in weight, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, liver enzymes, and glucose regulatory indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with NAFLD, both eTRE and lTRE induced significant reductions in intrahepatic fat and improvements in body composition, liver function, and metabolic health with similar magnitude. These findings suggest that eTRE and lTRE are comparable and feasible strategies for NAFLD management.

Phenotypic drug susceptibility characterization and clinical outcomes of tuberculosis strains with A-probe mutation by GeneXpert MTB/RIF.

BACKGROUND: GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay was applied widely to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin resistance. METHODS: Retrospectively investigated the association among treatment histories, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) results, and clinical outcomes of patients infected with probe A absent mutation isolate confirmed by Xpert. RESULTS: 63 patients with only probe A absent mutation and 40 with additional pDST results were analyzed. 24 (60.0%) patients had molecular-phenotypic discordant rifampicin (RIF) susceptibility testing results, including 12 (12/13, 92.3%) new tuberculosis (TB) patients and 12 (12/27, 44.4%) retreated ones. 28 (28/39, 71.8%) retreated patients received first-line treatment regime within two years with failed outcomes. New patients had better treatment outcomes than retreated ones (successful: 83.3% VS. 53.8%; P value = 0.02). The clinical results of RIF-susceptible TB confirmed by pDST were not better than RIF-resistant TB (successful: 62.5% VS. 50.0%; P value = 0.43). INH-resistant TB and INH-susceptible TB had similar treatment outcomes too (successful: 61.5% VS. 50.0%; P value = 0.48). 11 (11/12, 91.7%) new patients treated with the short treatment regimen (STR) had successful outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of mono probe A absent isolates had RIF molecular-phenotypic discordance results, especially in new patients. Probe A mutations were significantly associated with unsuccessful clinical outcomes, whether the pDST results were RIF susceptible or not. STR was the best choice for new patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: retrospectively registered in Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital (No. 2021-KY-16).

Application of digitization and visualization-based muscle strength measurement in ischemic stroke patients with motor dysfunction.

Ischemic stroke stands as a prevalent neurological ailment, where a paucity of methodologies exists for the assessment of functional outcomes post-stroke. Our objective was the development of a WeChat applet for the evaluation of muscle strength and the subsequent evaluation of its validity in ischemic stroke patients experiencing motor dysfunction. The assessment encompassed Lovett and NIHSS, followed by muscle strength values (MSV) and muscle strength ratios (MSR). These metrics were then scrutinized in relation to NIHSS and Lovett, followed by examination of their interrelationships. We enrolled a cohort of 157 patients, with an average age of 65 years, consisting of 96 males and 61 females. Lovett scores in the range of 2-4 and NIHSS scores spanning from 0 to 3 were found to correspond to specific values of MSV and MSR, respectively. Upon conducting correlation analysis, we noted that both MSV and MSR exhibited significant positive correlations with Lovett scores and NIHSS. Remarkably, the correlation of MSR with Lovett scores or NIHSS surpassed that of MSV. The WeChat applet offers a means of digitization and visualization of muscle strength. It correlates well with Lovett score and NIHSS, especially MSR. This bears potential significance in guiding the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Iron oxide nanoparticles induce ferroptosis via the autophagic pathway by synergistic bundling with paclitaxel.

In recent years, inhibiting tumor cell activity by triggering cell ferroptosis has become a research hotspot. The development of generic targeted nanotherapeutics might bring new ideas for non­invasive applications. Currently, the potential mechanism underlying the universal application of paclitaxel (PTX)­loaded iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP@PTX) to different types of tumors is unclear. The present study aimed to prepare IONP@PTX for targeted cancer therapy and further explore the potential mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of this material on the NCI­H446 human small cell lung cancer and brain M059K malignant glioblastoma cell lines. First, a CCK­8 assay was performed to determine cell viability, and then the combination index for evaluating drug combination interaction effect was evaluated. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels were monitored using a DCFH­DA fluorescent probe and a C11­BODIPY™ fluorescent probe, respectively. Furthermore, western blotting assay was performed to determine the expression of autophagy­ and iron death­related proteins. The experimental results showed that, compared with either IONP monotherapy, PTX monotherapy, or IONP + PTX, IONP@PTX exerted a synergistic effect on the viability of both cell types, with significantly increased total iron ion concentration, ROS levels and lipid peroxidation levels. IONP@PTX significantly increased the expression of autophagy­related proteins Beclin 1 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in both cell lines (P<0.05), increased the expression of light chain 3 (LC3)­II/I in NCI­H446 cells (P<0.05) and decreased that of sequestosome1 (p62) in M059K cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the addition of rapamycin enhanced the IONP@PTX­induced the upregulation of Beclin 1, LC3­II/I and HDAC6 and the downregulation of mTORC1 protein in both cell lines (P<0.05). Moreover, rapamycin enhanced the IONP@PTX­induced downregulation of p62 protein in NCI­H446 cells (P<0.05), suggesting that IONP@PTX induces ferroptosis, most likely through autophagy. Collectively, the present findings show that IONP works synergistically with PTX to induce ferroptosis via the autophagic pathway.

Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome Revealed the Common Metabolic Pathways Induced by Prevalent ESBL Plasmids in Escherichia coli.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most significant threats to global public health. Plasmids, which are highly efficient self-replicating genetic vehicles, play a critical role in the dissemination of drug-resistant genes. Previous studies have mainly focused on drug-resistant genes only, often neglecting the complete functional role of multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids in bacteria. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the transcriptomes and proteomes of Escherichia coli J53 transconjugants harboring six major MDR plasmids of different incompatibility (Inc) groups, which were clinically isolated from patients. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that MDR plasmids influenced the gene expression in the bacterial host, in particular, the genes related to metabolic pathways. A proteomic analysis demonstrated the plasmid-induced regulation of several metabolic pathways including anaerobic respiration and the utilization of various carbon sources such as serine, threonine, sialic acid, and galactarate. These findings suggested that MDR plasmids confer a growth advantage to bacterial hosts in the gut, leading to the expansion of plasmid-carrying bacteria over competitors without plasmids. Moreover, this study provided insights into the versatility of prevalent MDR plasmids in moderating the cellular gene network of bacteria, which could potentially be utilized in therapeutics development for bacteria carrying MDR plasmids.

Association of selenium profile with neutralizing antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

BACKGROUND: Selenium profile has been related with humoral immune response after vaccination, but evidence with regard to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the relationship between selenium profile and neutralizing antibody response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. METHODS: Plasma selenium and selenoprotein P concentrations, neutralizing antibody against the wild-type and Omicron variant were measured at baseline and at 14 days, 98 days after the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. RESULTS: Neutralizing antibody against the wild-type and Omicron variant increased significantly after the third vaccination dose. Both higher plasma selenium and selenoprotein P were associated with increased neutralizing antibody against the wild-type strain at baseline. Moreover, higher plasma selenoprotein P was associated with increased neutralizing antibody against Omicron variant at baseline. However, nonsignificant association were observed after the third vaccine dose. CONCLUSION: Higher selenium profile was associated with neutralizing antibody response before the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, but not after the third dose. Further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Association between Serum Selenium Levels and Lipids among People with and without Diabetes.

The current study aimed to examine the association between serum selenium levels and lipids and explore whether the association was modified by diabetic status. A total of 4132 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016) were included in this study. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between serum selenium and lipids. Higher serum selenium levels were significantly associated with increased total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.003), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.003) in the overall population. Diabetic status interacted with serum selenium for TC and LDL-C (p for interaction = 0.007 and <0.001). Comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of serum selenium, the multivariate-adjusted ß coefficients (95% CIs) were 17.88 (10.89, 24.87) for TC, 13.43 (7.68, 19.18) for LDL-C among subjects without diabetes, but nonsignificant among those with diabetes. In US adults, the serum selenium was positively associated with lipids and the association was modified by diabetic status. Higher serum selenium levels were significantly associated with increased TC and LDL-C among participants without diabetes, but not among participants with diabetes.

The survival analysis of rifampicin/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients based on the levels of inflammatory biomarkers: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: The development of tuberculosis and inflammatory status are closely related. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with rifampicin/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB). Patients and methods: This study recruited 504 patients with RR/MDR-TB from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital. A total of 348 RR/MDR patients from January 2017 to December 2019 were defined as training set, the rest of patients as validation set. The patients were divided into three-risk degrees according to the levels of inflammatory biomarkers (median, 85th percentile). Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to assess survival differences among the groups. Cox proportion risk regression was used to identify risk factors for RR/MDR-TB mortality. Results: In training set, cox proportion risk regression analysis showed that high age (≥60 years) [OR (95%CI):1.053(1.03188-1.077)], smoking [OR (95%CI):2.206(1.191-4.085)], and bronchiectasia [OR (95%CI):2.867(1.548-5.311)] were prognostic factors for RR/MDR-TB patients. In addition, lower survival rates were observed in high CAR group [OR (95%CI):1.464(1.275-1.681)], high CPR group[OR (95%CI):1.268(1.101-1.459)], high CLR group[OR (95%CI):1.004(1.002-1.005)], high NLR group[OR (95%CI):1.103(1.069-1.139)], high PLR group[OR (95%CI):1.003(1.002-1.004)], and high MLR group[OR (95%CI):3.471(2.188-5.508)].Furthermore, AUCs of age, smoking, bronchiectasia, CAR, CPR, CLR, NLR, PLR, and MLR for predicting mortality in RR/MDR-TB patients were 0.697(95%CI:0.618-0.775), 0.603(95%CI:0.512-0.695), 0.629(95%CI:0.538-0.721), 0.748(95%CI:0.675-0.821, P<0.05), 0.754(95%CI:0.683-0.824, P<0.05), 0.759(95%CI:0.689-0.828, P<0.05), 0.789(95%CI:0.731-0.846, P<0.05), 0.740(95%CI:0.669-0.812, P<0.05), and 0.752(95%CI:0.685-0.819, P<0.05), respectively. Importantly, the AUC of predicting mortality of combination of six inflammatory biomarkers [0.823 (95%CI:0.769-0.876)] is higher than any single inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, the similar results are also obtained in the validation set. Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers could predict the survival status of RR/MDR-TB patients. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the level of inflammatory biomarkers in clinical practice.

A Scoring System Based on Laboratory Parameters and Clinical Features to Predict Unfavorable Treatment Outcomes in Multidrug- and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients.

Background: The growth of antibiotic resistance to Mycobacterium TB represents a major barrier to the goal of "Ending the global TB epidemics". This study aimed to develop and validate a simple clinical scoring system to predict the unfavorable treatment outcomes (UTO) in multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) patients. Methods: A total of 333 MDR/RR-TB patients were recruited retrospectively. The clinical, radiological and laboratory features were gathered and selected by lasso regression. These variables with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)>0.6 were subsequently submitted to multivariate logistic analysis. The binomial logistic model was used for establishing a scoring system based on the nomogram at the training set (N = 241). Then, another independent set was used to validate the scoring system (N = 92). Results: The new scoring system consists of age (8 points), education level (10 points), bronchiectasis (4 points), red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) (7 points), international normalized ratio (INR) (7 points), albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) (5 points), and C-reactive protein to prealbumin ratio (CPR) (6 points). The scoring system identifying UTO has a discriminatory power of 0.887 (95% CI=0.835-0.939) in the training set, and 0.805 (95% CI=0.714-0.896) in the validation set. In addition, the scoring system is used exclusively to predict the death of MDR/RR-TB and has shown excellent performance in both training and validation sets, with AUC of 0.930 (95% CI=0.872-0.989) and 0.872 (95% CI=0.778-0.967), respectively. Conclusion: This novel scoring system based on seven accessible predictors has exhibited good predictive performance in predicting UTO, especially in predicting death risk.

Improved outcomes following addition of bedaquiline and clofazimine to a treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the addition of bedaquiline and clofazimine to a treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) could improve patient outcomes. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted in patients with MDR-TB. Treatment was for 18 months. Patients in the experimental group received bedaquiline and clofazimine in addition to their regular treatment regimen whereas patients in the control group did not. RESULTS: 68 patients with MDR-TB were randomised to treatment, 34 to each group. At the end of treatment, cure rates were statistically significantly greater for the experimental group compared with the control group (82% vs. 56%). There was no difference between groups in the number of severe adverse events (3[9%]) in both groups and none were skin-related. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of bedaquiline and clofazimine to the treatment regimen significantly improves outcomes for patients with MDR-TB. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical benefits of this addition but be mindful of contraindications and adverse effects.

Pb(II) bioremediation using fresh algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge and its underlying mechanisms highlighting the role of extracellular polymeric substances.

Lead (Pb) discharged from rural industries poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (A-B AGS) is a promising alternative for sewage treatment with high efficiency and good settleability. In this study, Pb(II) biosorption using fresh A-B AGS was investigated for the first time. The important role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was revealed with the involved mechanisms being clarified. The desorbents for Pb recovery from Pb-loaded A-B AGS were also screened. Results showed that A-B AGS has an excellent maximum Pb adsorption capacity of 72.4 mg·g-1 at pH 6.0. EPS plays an important role in keeping microbial activity, Pb bonding, and providing metal ions (Ca, Na and Mg) for Pb ion exchanges. Electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, and bonding to functional groups may occur orderly in the Pb biosorption process and the formation of pyromorphite (Pb5(PO4)3Cl) contributes to Pb biosorption. About 66 % of the adsorbed Pb was accumulated in the A-B AGS microbial cells. Na2EDTA (0.05 M) can recover 60.3 % of the loaded Pb with the highest microbial activity of granules being remained. All the findings will provide the theoretical basis for the large-scale application of A-B AGS to bioremediate Pb(II)-containing wastewater.

Environmental Risk Analysis Based on Characterization of Ground Oily Sludge.

Oily sludge is recognized as hazardous waste. To reduce the potential danger and harmful factors of oily sludge, it is very important to analyze its environmental risk. In this paper, the characterization of oily sludge from Shengli Oilfield in China was tested experimentally, including the composition content, particle size, microscopic morphology, heavy metal content, organic composition, inorganic composition, and thermogravimetric analysis, which were used to analyze environmental risks. The results show that the oil content of oily sludge is as high as 10.3%, which will cause serious pollution. It is calculated that China can recover 772.5 million liters of oil and reduce 553.9 million kg of carbon emissions compared with incineration in one year, if the oily sludge can be managed effectively. The content of heavy metals such as Ba, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Se, Be, and Hg in oily sludge exceeds the standard. It will restrain the self-healing ability of soil, pollute groundwater, and endanger animals and plants. The organic matter of oily sludge is concentrated in C11 to C29. It contains a large amount of benzene series and polycyclic benzene hydrocarbons, which can lead to cancer in the human body. Inorganic substances in oily sludge are mixed with some additives, which can not only reduce the toxicity of heavy metals, but also be used as building materials. The median particle size D50 of oily sludge is 0.91 µm, and it spreads all over the narrow pores. Generally, it needs to be treated under high temperature conditions, which will cause secondary pollution to the environment. The research content of this paper provides a theoretical reference for the management of oily sludge.

Joint Detection of Community and Structural Hole Spanner of Networks in Hyperbolic Space.

Community detection and structural hole spanner (the node bridging different communities) identification, revealing the mesoscopic and microscopic structural properties of complex networks, have drawn much attention in recent years. As the determinant of mesoscopic structure, communities and structural hole spanners discover the clustering and hierarchy of networks, which has a key impact on transmission phenomena such as epidemic transmission, information diffusion, etc. However, most existing studies address the two tasks independently, which ignores the structural correlation between mesoscale and microscale and suffers from high computational costs. In this article, we propose an algorithm for simultaneously detecting communities and structural hole spanners via hyperbolic embedding (SDHE). Specifically, we first embed networks into a hyperbolic plane, in which, the angular distribution of the nodes reveals community structures of the embedded network. Then, we analyze the critical gap to detect communities and the angular region where structural hole spanners may exist. Finally, we identify structural hole spanners via two-step connectivity. Experimental results on synthetic networks and real networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm compared with several state-of-the-art methods.