Seguimiento para la realización, trazabilidad y seguimiento de los resultados de test de antígenos de SARS-COV-2 / Monitoring for the performance, traceability and follow-up of SARS-COV-2 antigen test results

JUSTIFICACIÓN: debido a la crisis sanitaria provocada por el virus SARS-COV-2, resulta necesaria la implicación de la farmacia comunitaria. Por ello, los Colegios Oficiales de Farmacéuticos de Aragón junto con el Departamento de Sanidad del Gobierno de Aragón, firman un acuerdo de colaboración para la realización de test para la detección de antígenos de SARS-COV-2 a pacientes asintomáticos.OBJETIVOS: -Emisión de certificados: Certificados COVID Digitales de la UE y Certificados privados emitidos por las farmacias.-Detección de pacientes asintomáticos.-Controlar la transmisión del COVID-19 mediante el registro y notificación de los resultados positivos obtenidos al Departamento de Sanidad del Gobierno de Aragón.MATERIAL: para adherirse a este acuerdo, las farmacias han de cumplir una serie de requisitos que garanticen la calidad y la seguridad del servicio. •Comunicación previa al colegio profesional y firma de la declaración responsable.• Consentimiento informado en el que el paciente autoriza la realización del test, así como el tratamiento de sus datos personales.• Zona diferenciada para la realización del test que garantice confidencialidad y seguridad.• Test de diagnóstico/autodiagnóstico de antígenos de COVID-19 (autorizados por la UE). •Acceso a la plataforma web de generación de Certificado COVID Digital de la UE.MÉTODOS: •Paciente asintomático solicita la realización del test de antígenos.• Firma del consentimiento informado.• Realización del test.• Registro del resultado. o En caso positivo: Notificación a través de la plataforma web.Posibilidad de emitir un certificado COVID privado emitido por la farmacia. Indicar aislamiento y contactar con asistencia sanitaria o En caso negativo:Emisión de certificado, en función del test utilizado. (AU)

Preliminary measurement scales for sparkle and graininess.

Large effect pigments, widely used in various fields of industrial applications, produce characteristic visual textures known as sparkle and graininess, which need to be quantified by objective or subjective methods. The development of preliminary measurement scales for sparkle and graininess, whose recommendation is now under discussion in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), is described in this article. These scales are absolute, linear and traceable to standards of optical radiation metrology. The main purpose of this article is to justify the convenience of adopting these preliminary measurements scales, showing clear evidence that they correlate well with subjective evaluations. Before standardization, these scales need to be validated with more experimental data, including different specimens and experimental systems from other research groups.

Blood transfusion in children at a university hospital in a middle-income country: The need to reinforce adherence to current guidelines.

OBJECTIVES: Blood component transfusion is a common procedure used during hospital admissions; however, it is not risk-free. The evaluation of correct use of blood products (BP) is of vast importance considering the risks and costs implied in their use. Our principal objective was to evaluate the adherence to national guidelines for blood transfusion in pediatric patients at a third level university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective and retrospective descriptive analytical study was conducted to report the incidence of incorrect use of BP in pediatric patients (1 month to 16 years of age). In a timeline period of 4 years, 579 medical records were randomly selected from a total of 6575 transfusions realized to create a statistically significant sample. The variables studied were volume, infusion time, and transfusion criteria. Indications were evaluated in patient's medical records according to national guidelines. RESULTS: Of the transfusions analyzed, 54% were classified as incorrect mainly due to lack of transfusion criteria fulfillment. Blood transfusion indications in pediatric patients adhered poorly to national guidelines. CONCLUSION: The implementation of effective programs for education and information on the use of BP are needed to increase compliance with current guidelines.

Definition of a measurement scale of graininess from reflectance and visual measurements.

Effect pigments in coatings produce eye-catching colour and texture effects and are widely used in automotive, cosmetics, coatings, inks, flooring, textile or decoration. One of these texture effects is graininess, which is the perceived texture exhibited when the effect coating is observed under diffuse illumination. To date there is not a standard procedure to measure graininess from reflectance measurements. The objective of this work is to propose a methodology for traceable graininess measurements, similarly as it was proposed for colour in 1931. In this article, the relevant reflectance-based quantities are clearly defined, and a formal relation with data from visual experiments is given. This methodology would allow a measurement scale of graininess and a difference formula to be agreed once conclusive visual data become available.

Multilateral spectral radiance factor scale comparison.

The field of spectral radiance factor (SRF) measurements has seen growing interest in recent years. Scale conformity has so far only been established between the national metrology institutes (NMIs) of Germany and the USA. This study aims at a bigger, multilateral scale comparison. For this purpose, a total of six NMIs participated in a scale comparison of goniospectrophotometers based on neutral and colored diffusely reflecting ceramics samples. In addition, two universities, providing a home-built gonioreflectometer and two widely used commercially available color measurement instruments, respectively, were involved. The wavelength range of the scale comparison covers the visible wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm. Results indicate systematic issues and that the uncertainty evaluation of the NMIs requires further work; although for the greatest part of the covered spectral range the agreement is good.

Color characterization of coatings with diffraction pigments.

Coatings with diffraction pigments present high iridescence, which needs to be characterized in order to describe their appearance. The spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) of six coatings with SpectraFlair diffraction pigments were measured using the robot-arm-based goniospectrophotometer GEFE, designed and developed at CSIC. Principal component analysis has been applied to study the coatings of BRDF data. From data evaluation and based on theoretical considerations, we propose a relevant geometric factor to study the spectral reflectance and color gamut variation of coatings with diffraction pigments. At fixed values of this geometric factor, the spectral BRDF component due to diffraction is almost constant. Commercially available portable goniospectrophotometers, extensively used in several industries (automotive and others), should be provided with more aspecular measurement angles to characterize the complex reflectance of goniochromatic coatings based on diffraction pigments, but they would not require either more than one irradiation angle or additional out-of-plane geometries.

Global color estimation of special-effect coatings from measurements by commercially available portable multiangle spectrophotometers.

Colors of special-effect coatings have strong dependence on illumination/viewing geometry and an appealing appearance. An open question is to ask about the minimum number of measurement geometries required to completely characterize their observed color shift. A recently published principal components analysis (PCA)-based procedure to estimate the color of special-effect coatings at any geometry from measurements at a reduced set of geometries was tested in this work by using the measurement geometries of commercial portable multiangle spectrophotometers X-Rite MA98, Datacolor FX10, and BYK-mac as reduced sets. The performance of the proposed PCA procedure for the color-shift estimation for these commercial geometries has been examined for 15 special-effect coatings. Our results suggest that for rendering the color appearance of 3D objects covered with special-effect coatings, the color accuracy obtained with this procedure may be sufficient. This is the case especially if geometries of X-Rite MA98 or Datacolor FX10 are used.

Color representation and interpretation of special effect coatings.

A representation of the color gamut of special effect coatings is proposed and shown for six different samples, whose colors were calculated from spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements at different geometries. The most important characteristic of the proposed representation is that it allows a straightforward understanding of the color shift to be done both in terms of conventional irradiation and viewing angles and in terms of flake-based parameters. A different line was proposed to assess the color shift of special effect coatings on a*,b*-diagrams: the absorption line. Similar to interference and aspecular lines (constant aspecular and irradiation angles, respectively), an absorption line is the locus of calculated color coordinates from measurement geometries with a fixed bistatic angle. The advantages of using the absorption lines to characterize the contributions to the spectral BRDF of the scattering at the absorption pigments and the reflection at interference pigments for different geometries are shown.

Application of the S-CIELAB color model to processed and calibrated images with a colorimetric dithering method.

This work uses the S-CIELAB color model to compare images that have been calibrated and processed using a colorimetric dithering method which simulates increments in viewing distance. Firstly, we obtain XYZ calibrated images by applying the appropriate color transformations to the original images. These transformations depend on whether the image is viewed on a display device or encoded by a capture device, for example. Secondly, we use a colorimetric dithering method consisting of a partitive additive mixing of XYZ tristimulus values. The number of dithered pixels depends on simulated viewing distance. The dithered tristimulus values are transformed to digital data to observe the dithering effects in the image. Finally, we predict color differences using the S-CIELAB model as color appearance model for images. Moreover, this paper proposes some applications of this method to artistic and industrial problems where one must compare two images that appear different at close viewing distance, but match when they are seen from afar.

Corangiosis placentaria como causa de mortalidad perinatal / Placental chorangiosis can be a fetalnewborn death cause

La corangiosis placentaria (hipervascularidad vellosa capilar placentaria) ocurre raramente en las gestaciones normales; es un cambio placentario a nivel del capilar velloso y se relaciona con hipoxia fetal. La corangiosis placentaria se ha asociado con diabetes gestacional, maduración vellosa retrasada, preeclampsia, infección placentaria y con importantes formas de trisomías (21, 18 y 13). También se ha asociado con nudos de cordón y abruptio placentae, de modo que la asociación de estas condiciones obstétricas aparentemente agudas con corangiosis placentaria puede ser la causa de muertes de recién nacidos (RN) que previamente fueron asumidas como resultado de una deficiente dirección del parto. Por ecografía se aprecia un aumento en el grosor placentario o hiperplacentosis que traduce el edema del órgano. Se hará el diagnóstico diferencial con el corioangioma, la corangiomatosis y con la trombosis subcorial masiva. Dado que la corangiosis es un importante signo de morbimortalidad perinatal, se enfatiza la importancia de un examen completo de la placenta en los casos en que se detecte alguna anomalía por ecografía y en todos los casos de mortalidad perinatal. Se presenta aquí un caso de corangiosis placentaria con mal resultado perinatal (muerte fetal anteparto extraclínica en la semana 36 de gestación)

The placental chorangiosis (placental villous capillary hipervascularity) happens rarely in normal gestations. It is a placental change at nevel of the villous capillary and it is related to fetal hypoxia. The placental chorangiosis has been associated with maternal diabetes, delayed villous maturation and chronic villitis, toxemia of pregnancy, placental infection and with important form to trisomies (21,18 y 13). It has also been associated with nuchal cord and placental abruption, so that the association of apparent acute obstetrical conditions with placental chorangiosis may be the cause of fetal-newborn deaths that were previously assumed to be issues of labor management. The chorangiosis is associated to an increase in the placental thickness, or hyperplacentosis, detectable by echography. The increase in the placental thickness translates the edema of the organ. The diagnosis differential of the chorangiosis will be necessary to do it with chorioangioma, chorangiomatosis and massive subcorial thrombosis. The chorangiosis would be an important sign of neonatal morbidity and mortality; by this, it has great importance the histological study of the placenta in the cases that present some anomaly and in all the cases of perinatal mortality. A case of chorangiosis with badly perinatal result appears here (extraclinical fetal death antepartum, in week 36 of gestation)

Plant regeneration from mesophyll and suspension protoplasts of Silybum marianum.

Mesophyll protoplasts of six lines of Silybum marianum were enzymatically isolated from young leaves, embedded in sodium alginate, and cultivated in KM-medium. Division frequencies observed after ten days were strongly influenced by the protoplast density. When 5 x 10 (4)/ml protoplasts were plated, division frequencies of about 35% were obtained, with a protoplast population density of 1 x 10 (5)/ml division frequencies of about 75% resulted. Plant regeneration experiments undertaken with the protocalluses on medium containing BAP led to shoot formation in only two lines with regeneration frequencies of less than 1% in one (M 24) and up to 7% in a second line (M 2), respectively. However, when the protocalluses from line M 2 were treated with thidiazuron (TDZ) in a first culture step, and with BAP in a second step, the shoot formation frequency rose to 22%. Shoots were rooted on hormone free MS agar medium and transferred into soil where plants grew to maturity. Similar results were obtained when protoplasts of the line M 2, isolated from a suspension culture, were cultivated.

[Tropical sprue]. / Esprue tropical.

We report the case of a 60 year old female who presented with diarrhoea and malabsorption syndrome, confirmed by the laboratory data and the radiologic examination, which developed after a journey to Egypt. The mainly finding was flattening of the villi in the jejunal biopsy; the syndrome recovered after treatment with antibiotics and folic acid. The case fulfills the diagnostic criteria of tropical sprue although this country is not considered as an endemic area.