Prediction Accuracy of Serial Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients (Pred-Echovid Study).

The value of serial lung ultrasound (LUS) in patients with COVID-19 is not well defined. In this multicenter prospective observational study, we aimed to assess the prognostic accuracy of serial LUS in patients admitted to hospital due to COVID-19. The serial LUS protocol included two examinations (0-48 h and 72-96 h after admission) using a 10-zones sequence, and a 0 to 5 severity score. Primary combined endpoint was death or the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves), and discrimination power (area under the ROC curve) of both ultrasound exams (SCORE1 and 2), and their difference (DIFFERENTIAL-SCORE) were performed. A total of 469 patients (54.2% women, median age 60 years) were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 51 patients (10.9%). Probability risk tertiles of SCORE1 and SCORE2 (0-11 points, 12-24 points, and ≥25 points) obtained a high calibration. SCORE-2 showed a higher discrimination power than SCORE-1 (AUC 0.72 (0.58-0.85) vs. 0.61 (0.52-0.7)). The DIFFERENTIAL-SCORE showed a higher discrimination power than SCORE-1 and SCORE-2 (AUC 0.78 (0.66-0.9)). An algorithm for clinical decision-making is proposed. Serial lung ultrasound performing two examinations during the first days of hospitalization is an accurate strategy for predicting clinical deterioration of patients with COVID-19.

Síndrome coronario agudo y enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester. Patogénesis e implicaciones terapéutica / Acute Coronary Syndrome in Erdheim-Chester. Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic Implications

Resumen La enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester es una histiocitosis celular diferente a la histiocitosis de Langerhans, de origen incierto. Se caracteriza por una implicación multi-orgánica debida a la infiltración de los histiocitos CD68+/CD1a-, en forma de xantogranulomas, que afectan principal y comúnmente a la metáfisis y diáfisis de huesos largos. El diagnóstico se realiza mediante biopsia, donde se revelan histiocitos CD68+/CD1a-, carencia de proteína S, y presencia de gránulos de Birbeck. Se ha subestimado la implicación cardiovascular. Reportamos un caso de un varón de 67 años con la enfermedad de Erdheim-Chester e infarto de miocardio agudo, debido a implicación coronaria, además de enfermedad ósea, vascular, pituitaria y retroperitoneal. Revisamos la literatura relevante y describimos el tratamiento clínico de estos pacientes.

Abstract Erdheim-Chester disease is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of uncertain origin. It is characterized by multiorgan involvement due to infiltration of CD68+/CD1a- histiocytes, in the form of xantogranulomas, most commonly affecting the metaphysis and diaphysis of long bones. The diagnosis is made by biopsy showing CD68+/CD1ahistiocytes, lack of S protein and Birbeck granules. Cardiovascular involvement is underestimated. We report a case of a 67 year-old man with Erdheim-Chester disease and acute myocardial infarction due to coronary involvement, in addition to bone, vascular, pituitary and retroperitoneal disease. We review relevant literature and describe the clinical management of these patients.

Lesiones vasculares en paciente diagnosticada de arteritis de Takayasu y elevación masiva de lipoproteína(a). ¿Afectación residual o arterioesclerosis prematura? / Vascular lesions in patient with Takayasu arteritis and massive elevated lipoprotein(a) levels. Residual involvement or premature aterosclerosis?

La lipoproteína (a) [Lp(a)] es una lipoproteína definida por presentar una apolipoproteína específica, la apoA, unida a la apoB-100 por diversos tipos de enlaces químicos, entre ellos un puente disulfuro. A pesar de que su mecanismo aterogénico no es completamente conocido, está demostrada su importancia en el desarrollo de ateroesclerosis prematura, mostrando múltiples estudios su papel como factor de riesgo cardiovascular asociado a enfermedad coronaria e ictus. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de arteritis de Takayasu en la que se detectó una elevación masiva de Lp(a), y abordamos las implicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas que tuvo este hallazgo

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein defined by presenting a specific apolipoprotein, ApoA, linked to the ApoB-100 by different types of chemical bonds, including a disulfide bridge. Despite their atherogenic mechanism is not fully understood, its importance has been demonstrated in the development of premature aterosclerosis. Multiple studies have shown its role as a cardiovascular risk factor associated with heart disease and stroke. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis in which a massive elevation of Lp(a) was detected. We emphasize its diagnostic and therapeutic implications

Vascular lesions in patient with Takayasu arteritis and massive elevated lipoprotein(a) levels. Residual involvement or premature aterosclerosis? / Lesiones vasculares en paciente diagnosticada de arteritis de Takayasu y elevación masiva de lipoproteína(a). ¿Afectación residual o arterioesclerosis prematura?

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein defined by presenting a specific apolipoprotein, ApoA, linked to the ApoB-100 by different types of chemical bonds, including a disulfide bridge. Despite their atherogenic mechanism is not fully understood, its importance has been demonstrated in the development of premature aterosclerosis. Multiple studies have shown its role as a cardiovascular risk factor associated with heart disease and stroke. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis in which a massive elevation of Lp(a) was detected. We emphasize its diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Efecto a largo plazo de las infusiones de hematina en el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica en la porfiria aguda intermitente / Influence of long-term treatment with hemin in the development of chronic renal failure in acute intermittent porphyria

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Disfunción tiroidea y lipídica asociada a bexaroteno en el linfoma cutáneo de células T / Thyroid and lipidic dysfunction associated with bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Fundamento y objetivo: El bexaroteno es un rexinoide sintético selectivo del receptor X aprobado para el tratamiento sistémico del linfoma cutáneo de células T. Durante el tratamiento es muy frecuente la aparición de hipotiroidismo e hiperlipidemia mixta grave, siendo ambos efectos adversos reversibles y dependientes de la dosis. La elevación del colesterol LDL y los triglicéridos (hasta unos niveles aumentados que incluso se han asociado a pancreatitis en algunos casos) está ampliamente descrita (al igual que sucede con otros retinoides), siendo el descenso del colesterol HDL menos conocido. Revisamos nuestra experiencia con el uso de bexaroteno. Material y métodos: Se presenta una serie de 3 casos de pacientes tratados con bexaroteno en los que, además de sufrir los efectos adversos bien conocidos, se observó un grave descenso del colesterol HDL. Resultados: Los 3 pacientes estudiados presentaron complicaciones metabólicas en forma de hipotiroidismo central e hiperlipidemia mixta grave, con especial énfasis en el marcado descenso que experimentaron nuestros pacientes (descenso medio > 83%) en las cifras de colesterol HDL. El tratamiento hipolipidemiante y hormonal sustitutivo con levotiroxina dio lugar a una mejoría de los parámetros, sin llegar a alcanzarse los objetivos. Conclusiones: El bexaroteno produce, como efectos secundarios predecibles, una hiperlipidemia mixta grave con descenso marcado de los niveles de colesterol HDL e hipotiroidismo central, los cuales son reversibles y dependientes de la dosis. Se incluye una reflexión sobre los posibles mecanismos etológicos e implicaciones de este fenómeno (AU)

Background and objective: Bexarotene is a synthetic selective X receptor rexinoide approved for the systemic treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. During treatment is very frequent the occurrence of hypothyroidism and severe mixed hyperlipidemia, both are reversibles and dose-dependent adverse events. Increase of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol level (up to even higher levels have been associated with pancreatitis in some cases) is widely described (as is the case with other retinoids) but decrease in HDL-cholesterol is poored know. We review our experience with the use of bexarotene. Material and methods: We present a serie of 3 clinical report of patients treated with bexarotene in whose, in addition to these well-known adverse event, a serious lowering of HDL-cholesterol was observed. Results: The 3 patients studied had metabolic complications like central hypothyroidism and severe mixed hyperlipidemia; with special emphasis on the sharp fall (mean decrease > 83%) in the HDL-cholesterol level. Cholesterol lowering medication and substitutive hormonal replacement with levotiroxine resulted in an improvement of the biochimical parameters without reaching the correct goals. Conclusions: Bexarotene produce as predictable side effects severe mixed hyperlipidemia with marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels and central hypothyroidism, being the both reversible and dose-dependent. A reflection on the possible aetiological mechanisms and implications of this phenomenon are included (AU)

[Thyroid and lipidic dysfunction associated with bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma]. / Disfunción tiroidea y lipídica asociada a bexaroteno en el linfoma cutáneo de células T.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bexarotene is a synthetic selective X receptor rexinoide approved for the systemic treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. During treatment is very frequent the occurrence of hypothyroidism and severe mixed hyperlipidemia, both are reversibles and dose-dependent adverse events. Increase of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol level (up to even higher levels have been associated with pancreatitis in some cases) is widely described (as is the case with other retinoids) but decrease in HDL-cholesterol is poored know. We review our experience with the use of bexarotene. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a serie of 3 clinical report of patients treated with bexarotene in whose, in addition to these well-known adverse event, a serious lowering of HDL-cholesterol was observed. RESULTS: The 3 patients studied had metabolic complications like central hypothyroidism and severe mixed hyperlipidemia; with special emphasis on the sharp fall (mean decrease>83%) in the HDL-cholesterol level. Cholesterol lowering medication and substitutive hormonal replacement with levotiroxine resulted in an improvement of the biochimical parameters without reaching the correct goals. CONCLUSIONS: Bexarotene produce as predictable side effects severe mixed hyperlipidemia with marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol levels and central hypothyroidism, being the both reversible and dose-dependent. A reflection on the possible aetiological mechanisms and implications of this phenomenon are included.

[Portal vein thrombosis associated with biliary tract infection]. / Trombosis portal asociada a infección de vía biliar.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the etiology, symptoms and management of portal vein thrombosis associated with biliary tract infection and to compare our findings with classical causes of pylephlebitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of 10 patients in a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Portal vein thrombosis was associated with biliary tract infection in seven patients and with classical causes of pylephlebitis in three. In both groups, symptoms consisted of fever and abdominal pain accompanied by leukocytosis and increased liver enzymes. Blood cultures were positive in most patients and the main complication was liver abscess. The therapeutic management and outcomes were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein thrombosis can be associated with biliary tract infection. Clinical presentation and outcomes are highly similar to those in classical causes of pylephlebitis.

Porfiria variegata y fibrilación auricular: ataque agudo inducido por propafenona / Variegate porphyria and atrial fibrillation: acute attack induced by propafenone

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