Dislipidemia aterogénica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Fundamento y objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de alteraciones lipídicas, con especial énfasis en la dislipidemia aterogénica y su relación con las complicaciones crónicas en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal que incluyó a los pacientes con DM1 mayores de 18 años atendidos de forma consecutiva en la consulta externa del Hospital del Mar de Barcelona y del Hospital de Granollers durante 2008. Resultados: El 17,2 y 7,9% de los 291 pacientes incluidos tenía un colesterol unido a high density lipoproteins (HDL, «lipoproteínas de alta densidad») < 40 mg/dl (varones) o a 50 mg/dl (mujeres), y unos triglicéridos > 150 mg/dl, respectivamente. Los pacientes con hipoalfalipoproteinemia presentaron una mayor prevalencia de neuropatía periférica (28 frente a 7,1%, p < 0,001), macroalbuminuria (14 frente a 2,5%, p < 0,001) y concentraciones superiores de triglicéridos (media [DE] de 107,5 [55,8] frente a 82,7 [36] mg/dl, p < 0,0001) que aquellos con una concentración normal/alta de colesterol HDL. La hipertrigliceridemia se asoció con una mayor edad (media de 43,6 [2,11] frente a 37,6 [8,11] años, p < 0,02), una mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (47,8 frente a 22,8%, p < 0,008), síndrome metabólico (82,6 frente a 22%, p < 0,001), complicaciones microangiopáticas y una menor sensibilidad a la insulina (media de 6,75 [1,2] frente a 8,54 [2,6] mg/kg−1 / min−1, p < 0,004) que aquellos con normotrigliceridemia. Conclusión: Uno de cada 5 pacientes con DM1 presenta bajas concentraciones de colesterol HDL y/o altas de triglicéridos, lo que se asocia con una prevalencia de microangiopatía 3 veces superior. Por tanto, en estos pacientes el control glucémico y de presión arterial, pero también del perfil lipídico, debe ser óptimo (AU)

Background and objective: To assess the prevalence of lipid abnormalities, with special emphasis on atherogenic dyslipidemia and its relationship with chronic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients and method: Cross-sectional study including all patients aged 18 and over, diagnosed of T1DM attending the outpatient clinic at Hospital del Mar and Hospital de Granollers, in Barcelona, during 2008. Results: Of the 291 enrolled patients, 17.2 and 7.9% had high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (men) or < 50 mg/dL (women) and triglycerides > 150 mg/dL, respectively. Hypoalphalipoproteinemic patients had a higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (28 vs. 7.1%, P < .001), macroalbuminuria (14 vs. 2.5%, P < .001) and higher concentrations of triglycerides (107.5 [55.8] vs. 82.7 [36] mg/dL, P < .0001) compared with those with normal/high HDL cholesterol levels. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increasing age (43.6 [11.2] vs. 37.6 [11.8] yr, P < .02), higher prevalence of hypertension (47.8 vs. 22.8%, P < .008), metabolic syndrome (82.6 vs. 22%, P < .001) and microangiopathic complications, lower insulin sensitivity (6.75 [2.1] vs. 8.54 [2.6] mg/Kg−1/min−1, P < .004) compared with the normotriglyceridemic group. Conclusion: One in 5 patients with T1DM has hypoalphalipoproteinemia or hypertriglyceridemia and these conditions are associated with 3 fold-increase microangiopathy. Thus, in these patients glycemic and blood pressure but also lipid profile control must be optimum (AU)

[Atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Dislipidemia aterogénica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of lipid abnormalities, with special emphasis on atherogenic dyslipidemia and its relationship with chronic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study including all patients aged 18 and over, diagnosed of T1DM attending the outpatient clinic at Hospital del Mar and Hospital de Granollers, in Barcelona, during 2008. RESULTS: Of the 291 enrolled patients, 17.2 and 7.9% had high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol<40 mg/dL (men) or<50mg/dL (women) and triglycerides>150 mg/dL, respectively. Hypoalphalipoproteinemic patients had a higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (28 vs. 7.1%, P<.001), macroalbuminuria (14 vs. 2.5%, P<.001) and higher concentrations of triglycerides (107.5 [55.8] vs. 82.7 [36] mg/dL, P<.0001) compared with those with normal/high HDL cholesterol levels. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increasing age (43.6 [11.2] vs. 37.6 [11.8] yr, P<.02), higher prevalence of hypertension (47.8 vs. 22.8%, P<.008), metabolic syndrome (82.6 vs. 22%, P<.001) and microangiopathic complications, lower insulin sensitivity (6.75 [2.1] vs. 8.54 [2.6] mg/Kg(-1)/min(-1), P<.004) compared with the normotriglyceridemic group. CONCLUSION: One in 5 patients with T1DM has hypoalphalipoproteinemia or hypertriglyceridemia and these conditions are associated with 3 fold-increase microangiopathy. Thus, in these patients glycemic and blood pressure but also lipid profile control must be optimum.

Gestational diabetes in a multiethnic population of Spain: clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes.

AIMS: To compare clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes between immigrant and Spanish women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a multiethnic population of Barcelona and to identify factors independently associated with the development of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. METHODS: Prospective study of women with GDM from five ethnic groups (Caucasian, South-Central Asian, Latin American, East Asian and Moroccan) at a single institution in Barcelona between 2004 and 2011. Maternal, gestational and newborn characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: The cohort included 456 patients. In univariate analyses, Moroccan women had more frequently a pre-gestational body mass index (BMI)>25 kg/m(2) (76.4%, P=0.012), while East Asian women had lower BMI (23.41 ± 2.79 kg/m(2), P<0.001), less need for insulin therapy (14.3%, P=0.013) and the highest rate of spontaneous labor (69.8%, P=0.014) and eutocic delivery (63.8%, P=0.032). Also, Latin American women had a higher rate of Cesarean section (52.9%, P<0.001) and LGA infants (28.6%, P=0.004), and their newborns had lower umbilical cord pH (7.23 ± 0.06, P=0.005) and Apgar scores (9 [4-10], P<0.01) and a higher incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia (51.4%, P=0.045). Logistic regression analysis identified pre-gestational BMI (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.27), pregnancy weight gain (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.1-1.28) and insulin use during gestation (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.09-4.82) as predictors of LGA infants. CONCLUSIONS: Significant ethnic differences were found in clinical characteristics and perinatal outcomes of women with GDM. Latin American women had a higher frequency of adverse perinatal outcomes. Pregestational BMI, pregnancy weight gain and insulin use during pregnancy were independent predictors of LGA.

Biochemical behaviour of an incidentally diagnosed silent corticotroph adenoma.

Silent corticotroph adenoma (SCA) is a non-functioning macroadenoma that has positive immunoreactivity for ACTH. Few studies have evaluated the biochemical behaviour of these tumours. We present the case of a 65-year-old male incidentally diagnosed with SCA, in which an exhaustive study of the corticotroph axis was conducted.

A prospective evaluation of neonatal hypoglycaemia in infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse first-day-of-life glucose levels in infants of women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and the influence of maternal, gestational and peripartum factors on the development of neonatal hypoglycaemia. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including newborns of GDM mothers. Capillary blood glucose (CBG) was measured serially on the first day of life. CBG values were defined as normal (≥ 2.5 mmol/l), mild hypoglycaemia (2.2-2.4 mmol/l), moderate hypoglycaemia (1.6-2.1 mmol/l) and severe hypoglycaemia (<1.6 mmol/l). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety infants were included: 23 (12.1%) presented mild, 20 (10.5%) moderate and only 5 (2.6%) severe hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemic infants were more frequently large-for-gestational-age (29.3% vs 11.3%, p=0.003), had lower umbilical cord pH (7.28 vs 7.31, p=0.03) and their mothers had more frequently been hyperglycaemic during labour (18.8% vs 8.5%, p=0.04). In multivariate analysis Pakistani origin (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.14-7.55) and umbilical cord venous pH (OR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.261-0.99) were significantly and independently associated with hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS: Mild and moderate neonatal hypoglycaemias were common although severe episodes were unusual in infants of women with GDM. Hypoglycaemia is mainly influenced by ethnicity and cord blood pH, although maternal peripartum glycaemic control and large-for-gestational-age condition may also play a role.