VIDA-Nursing v1.0: immersive virtual reality in vacuum blood collection among adults.

OBJECTIVE: to develop and validate the first immersive virtual reality simulation addressing vacuum blood collection in adult patients - VIDA-Nursing v1.0. METHOD: methodological study to validate 14 steps of the vacuum blood collection procedure in adults, designed to develop the immersive virtual reality simulator VIDA-Nursing v1.0. It was assessed by 15 health workers and 15 nursing undergraduate students in terms of visual, interactive, movement simulation reality, teaching and user-friendly aspects. RESULTS: the workers considered 79.6% of the items to be valid, while the students considered 66.7% of the items valid; most of the demands can be implemented in the system by improving future versions. CONCLUSION: the simulator was considered a promising and innovative tool to teach vacuum blood collection in adults as it can be combined with other resources currently used to introduce this topic and technique in the education of undergraduate nursing students.

Profile of environmental service managers and workers in Brazilian hospitals.

INTRODUCTION: Contamination through the hands of professionals and surfaces is one of the main agents involved in health care-associated infections in health services. Flaws in the execution of hospital housekeeping can lead to the contamination of surfaces and health equipment though, representing a risk for patient safety and highlighting the need to maximize the quality of cleaning processes in these institutions. OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of managers and environmental service workers (ESWs) in Brazilian hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in January 2018, involving 155 participants, being 12 managers and 143 workers from the housekeeping team of two health institutions, being one private and the other public. RESULTS: Most participants were female (86%), with a mean age of 45 years and primary education level, 52% being outsourced workers. The participants positively assessed their job satisfaction, satisfaction with training, basic knowledge and performance; nevertheless, situations were identified that were perceived as risks for patient safety and occupational health. The questions involving motivational incentives received the lowest scores. CONCLUSION: Inconsistencies were found in the housekeeping professionals'. Preparation, indicating that the institutions studied do not value this type of service and that an investment policy in these workers' motivation is lacking.

Empathizing and systemizing profiles of Brazilian and Portuguese nursing undergraduates.

AIM: To analyze the empathizing and systemizing profiles of Brazilian and Portuguese nursing undergraduates. BACKGROUND: Empathy is a fundamental skill for nursing practice and should be analyzed during the student's education. METHODS: Descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Participants were 968 undergraduate students, including 215 (22.2%) Brazilians from a university in the state of São Paulo and 753 (77.8%) Portuguese students from a higher education institution in central Portugal. The Portuguese and Brazilian versions of the Empathizing/Systemizing Quotient have good internal consistency and reliability. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: In Brazil, approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing (protocol 191/2016) and in Portugal, from the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Coimbra Higher School of Nursing (protocol P362-09/2016). RESULTS: Most (86%) participants were female and aged between 20 and 24 years. In the general profile analysis between both groups, the domains "Social Skills," "Contents," and "Processes" scored higher. Gender differences exist for the feeling of empathy and systemizing, as women scored better on the short version of the Empathy Quotient and men on the Systemizing Quotient. CONCLUSION: As demonstrated in the domain scores for "Social Skills," "Contents," and "Processes," the undergraduate nursing students analyzed have the ability to deal intuitively and spontaneously with social situations; they are also characterized as methodical people, who like to follow rules, and experience practice better than theory, and the women have a higher empathetic level than men, who in turn are more systemizing.

Peripheral Venipuncture Education Strategies for Nursing Students: An Integrative Literature Review.

This integrative literature review identified strategies to teach peripheral venipuncture to nursing students. The following databases were searched for primary studies: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed, Web of Science, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), SCOPUS, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The final sample was composed of 24 studies. The literature ranged from descriptive studies to controlled clinical trials and methodologic studies to construct products/instruments for teaching peripheral venipuncture. The most frequently identified teaching strategies were theoretical contents taught via theoretical lecture, e-learning courses, video lessons, and demonstration by specialists combined with practical exercises using a mannequin, human arms, and/or haptic devices. Despite the different methods used currently, the best patient outcomes were achieved when the student received the theoretical content in an educational setting before the practical training on a mannequin and/or a virtual simulator.

VIDA - Nursing v1. 0 immersive virtual reality in vacuum blood collection among adults / VIDA - Enfermagem v1. 0 realidade virtual imersiva na coleta de sangue a vácuo em adulto / VIDA - Enfermería v1. 0 realidad virtual inmersiva en la recolección de sangre al vacío en adultos

Objective: to develop and validate the first immersive virtual reality simulation addressing vacuum blood collection in adult patients - VIDA-Nursing v1.0. Method: methodological study to validate 14 steps of the vacuum blood collection procedure in adults, designed to develop the immersive virtual reality simulator VIDA-Nursing v1.0. It was assessed by 15 health workers and 15 nursing undergraduate students in terms of visual, interactive, movement simulation reality, teaching and user-friendly aspects. Results: the workers considered 79.6% of the items to be valid, while the students considered 66.7% of the items valid; most of the demands can be implemented in the system by improving future versions. Conclusion: the simulator was considered a promising and innovative tool to teach vacuum blood collection in adults as it can be combined with other resources currently used to introduce this topic and technique in the education of undergraduate nursing students.

Objetivo: desenvolver e validar a primeira versão do simulador de realidade virtual imersiva no procedimento de coleta de sangue a vácuo no paciente adulto - VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0. Método: estudo com delineamento metodológico para validar 14 etapas do procedimento de coleta de sangue a vácuo no adulto, projetadas para o desenvolvimento do simulador de realidade virtual imersiva VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0, o qual foi avaliado por 15 profissionais da saúde e 15 graduandos de enfermagem em relação aos aspectos visual, interativo, realidade de simulação do movimento, pedagógico e esforço de utilização. Resultados: de maneira geral foram considerados válidos 79,6% dos itens avaliados pelos profissionais e 66,7% dos itens avaliados pelos graduandos, sendo que a maioria das necessidades de melhorias do sistema é passível de correção no incremento das próximas versões. Conclusão: o simulador foi considerado como ferramenta promissora e inovadora para o ensino da coleta de sangue a vácuo no adulto, enquanto estratégia a ser combinada com recursos utilizados atualmente na educação de graduandos de enfermagem que estão iniciando o estudo da temática e da técnica.

Objetivo: desarrollar y validar la primera versión del simulador de realidad virtual inmersivo en el procedimiento de recolección de vacío de sangre en pacientes adultos: VIDA-Enfermería v1.0. Método: estudio con diseño metodológico para validar 14 pasos del procedimiento de extracción de sangre al vacío en adultos, diseñado para el desarrollo del simulador inmersivo de realidad virtual VIDA-Enfermería v1.0, que fue evaluado por 15 profesionales de la salud y 15 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería con relación a los aspectos visual, interactiva, realidad de movimiento, pedagógico y esfuerzo de uso. Resultados: en general, el 79.6% de los ítems evaluados por los profesionales y el 66.7% de los ítems evaluados por los estudiantes de pregrado se consideraron válidos, y la mayoría de las necesidades de mejoras del sistema están sujetas a corrección en el incremento de las próximas versiones. Conclusión: el simulador fue considerado como una herramienta prometedora e innovadora para enseñar la extracción de sangre al vacío en adultos, como una estrategia que se combina con los recursos utilizados actualmente en la educación de estudiantes de enfermería que están comenzando a estudiar el tema y la técnica.

Self-confidence in the care of critically ill patients: before and after a simulated intervention / Autoconfianza en el cuidado del paciente crítico: antes y después de intervención simulada / Autoconfiança no cuidado ao paciente crítico: pré e pós-intervenção simulada

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the self-confidence of nurses in the care of critically ill patients, before and after a simulated intervention. Method: A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 103 nurses who participated in a workshop on the care of critically ill patients in the first semester of 2016. A clinical simulation pedagogical instrument was used throughout the event, and self-confidence was assessed by the Portuguese version of the Self-confidence Scale (SCSvp). Results: Most participants reported not being prepared to provide first care to critically ill patients, which was carried out during care practice. The participants presented a significant increase in self-confidence after the simulated intervention (p<0.001) in the cardiac, neurological, and respiratory dimensions. Conclusion: Simulation has proved to be an effective strategy for the development of individuals' self-confidence, which contributes to the improvement of skills required for professional practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la autoconfianza del enfermero en la atención del paciente crítico antes y después de una intervención simulada. Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental, realizado con 103 enfermeros que participaron de un workshop de atención al paciente crítico en el primer semestre de 2016. Fue utilizada la herramienta pedagógica de simulación clínica durante todo el evento, y la autoconfianza fue verificada mediante Self-Confident Scale, versión portuguesa (SCSvp). Resultados: La mayoría de los sujetos consideró no estar preparado para brindar la primera atención al paciente crítico, afirmando haberlo realizado durante la práctica asistencial. Los participantes expresaron aumento significativo de autoconfianza luego de la intervención simulada (p<0,001) en las dimensiones cardíaca, neurológica y respiratoria. Conclusión: La simulación ha demostrado ser una estrategia eficaz para desarrollar la autoconfianza del individuo, factor que contribuye al crecimiento de las competencias exigidas para el ejercicio profesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a autoconfiança do enfermeiro no atendimento ao paciente crítico pré e pós-intervenção simulada. Método: Estudo quase experimental realizado com 103 enfermeiros que participaram de um workshop de atendimento ao paciente crítico no primeiro semestre de 2016. Foi utilizada a ferramenta pedagógica de simulação clínica em todo o evento, e a autoconfiança foi verificada pela Self-Confidence Scale, versão portuguesa (SCSvp). Resultados: A maior parte dos sujeitos julgou não estar preparada para prestar o primeiro atendimento ao paciente crítico, afirmando tê-lo realizado durante a prática assistencial. Os participantes apresentaram aumento significativo de autoconfiança após a intervenção simulada (p <0,001) nas dimensões cardíacas, neurológica e respiratória. Conclusão: A simulação tem-se mostrado uma estratégia eficaz para o desenvolvimento da autoconfiança do indivíduo, o que contribui para o acréscimo das competências exigidas para o exercício profissional.

Self-confidence in the care of critically ill patients: before and after a simulated intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the self-confidence of nurses in the care of critically ill patients, before and after a simulated intervention. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 103 nurses who participated in a workshop on the care of critically ill patients in the first semester of 2016. A clinical simulation pedagogical instrument was used throughout the event, and self-confidence was assessed by the Portuguese version of the Self-confidence Scale (SCSvp). RESULTS: Most participants reported not being prepared to provide first care to critically ill patients, which was carried out during care practice. The participants presented a significant increase in self-confidence after the simulated intervention (p<0.001) in the cardiac, neurological, and respiratory dimensions. CONCLUSION: Simulation has proved to be an effective strategy for the development of individuals' self-confidence, which contributes to the improvement of skills required for professional practice.

Perceptions of brazilian nursing faculty members regarding literacy of human rights related to health in nursing undergraduate programs.

BACKGROUND: In the context of global health, the work of nurses is of key importance, given their role as diplomats in global health and as fundamental forces in the construction of global partnerships. This study seeks to identify the understanding and perceptions of Brazilian nursing faculty members regarding literacy of human rights related to health in nursing undergraduate programs. METHODS: Methodological, quantitative and cross-sectional study carried out with nursing faculty members from 20 Brazilian higher education institutions. For the data collection, the Brazilian version of the Basic Core Competencies in Global Health questionnaire was used, available on the website Survey Monkey. In this article, the answers related to the domain "Health as a human right and development resource" were assessed. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: In total, 222 questionnaires were completed. As for the domain "Health as a human right and development resource", Cronbach's alpha coefficient corresponded to 0.839 for the three domain items. Most of the participants fully agreed on the relevance of the contents related to the theme for nurses' education. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential that nurses have contact with human rights international instruments that influence implementation of health and health research policies, though this content's treatment is still incipient in Brazilian nursing programs.

How to Perform Prehospital Emergency Telephone Triage: A Systematic Review.

Prehospital emergency telephone triages are mechanisms to verify the appropriate need for care in an emergency call by telephone. Considering the high rates of trauma and clinical cases that need prehospital care, the importance of knowing how the services that send rescue teams can guarantee improved care is highlighted. The objective of this study was to characterize the services that support effective telephone triage. Literature review was conducted in 6 phases to answer the following question: How can prehospital emergency telephone triage be performed? To search for primary studies, we used specific search strategies in the databases: LILaCs, PubMed, CINAHL, LISA, ISTA, and SCOPUS. The sample consisted of 23 studies whose information was extracted using a validated tool. Among the selected studies, 2 come from CINAHL, 2 from LISA, 4 from PubMed, 1 from ISTA, and 14 from SCOPUS, which were published between 2006 and 2016 in 17 different journals with varying types of scopes and originated from 13 countries on 3 distinct continents. The articles were nonexperimental and indicated the broad use of software constructed to support the telephone triage. The prehospital emergency telephone triages are frequently performed to identify the event, deduct the need for support, and prioritize those calls that require a rescue team. They should take place with the support of institutional protocols and technological support to guarantee dynamic data and constant training of the ambulance dispatchers.

Empathic profile of nursing freshmen.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the empathic profile and the empathy scores of freshmen of the nursing course. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Descriptive study involving 399 freshmen students of two modalities of nursing courses: Bachelor and Bachelor and Teaching Diploma, in the period from 2012 to 2015. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Empathy Inventory were applied. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The research received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing. The students registered their acceptance to participate in the research by signing the Free and Informed Consent Form and anonymity was guaranteed. FINDINGS: The mean age of the participants was 19 years, being 85.5% female. The students were grouped by course modality and all groups presented high empathy scores. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found, which indicates that students of the Bachelor and Teaching Diploma program presented a higher degree of empathy for the General Score, Domain 2 (Interpersonal Flexibility), and Domain 3 (Altruism) in relation to students in the Bachelor program. CONCLUSION: Results show that nursing undergraduate freshmen are emphatic, with minimum differences between the two courses. This profile is relevant for the development of future professionals capable to demonstrate a balance between instrumental and expressive competences.

Semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales.

OBJECTIVE: to perform the semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales, intended to measure the empathetic and systemizing profiles of individuals. The scales originated in Cambridge and were validated in Portugal, and were assessed for their psychometric properties. METHOD: methodological study included the scales' semantic validation (content validity) and verification of their psychometric properties (internal consistency). Five judges participated in the semantic validation. The Content Validity Index was calculated, a pretest was conducted with 18 undergraduate nursing students, and, finally, the scales were applied to a sample. RESULTS: the sample was composed of 215 undergraduate nursing students, 186 (86.51%) of whom were women aged 21 years old, on average. The scales presented good internal consistency with global Cronbach's alphas equal to 0.83 and 0.79 for the Empathy Quotient and the Systemizing Quotient, respectively. Correlations between the scales and subscales of the Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient were all positive and significant according to the Pearson correlation coefficient. CONCLUSION: the scales are reliable and valid to measure the empathetic and systemizing profile of undergraduate nursing students and the final version was named "versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização - Brasil" [short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales - Brazil].

Nursing and Global Health: social determinants of health in the training of nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate to which extent nursing professors understand how social determinants of health impact on health, and whether the topic is addressed in nursing undergraduate education in Brazil. METHOD: This is a methodological study carried out with 222 nursing faculty members from Brazilian higher education institutions. The answers of the domain "Social and environmental determinants of health", concerning a questionnaire on "Core Competencies in Global Health", were analyzed. RESULTS: Most professors have over 10 years of experience in nursing higher education. A large part of the participants strongly agreed or agreed on the importance of college subjects related to the above-mentioned topic for the education of the nurses. CONCLUSION: The professors in this study agreed that social and environmental health determinants must be taught in Nursing school, since it is necessary that nurses value this knowledge, slowly making it a part of the curriculum framework.

Social Determinants of Health in the lives of urinary catheter users.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of social determinants of health on the life conditions of patients who use intermittent urinary catheters. METHOD: This was a descriptive study conducted in a rehabilitation center with 243 neurogenic bladder patients who used clear intermittent urinary catheters. The study was carried out between March 2012 and October 2015, using interviews based on semi-structured instruments, and data analysis using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Most of the patients were men, between 16 and 64 years old, single, with an elementary education level, and a monthly household income of 2 to 3 minimum wages. The results show that the social determinants of health were related to socioeconomic, demographic, and health factors. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a complex relationship between social determinants of health and the life conditions of patients who use clean intermittent urinary catheters, presenting greater vulnerability related to some aspects of health conditions.

Social Determinants of Health in the lives of urinary catheter users / Determinantes Sociales de Salud en la vida de usuarios de cateterismo urinario / Determinantes Sociais de Saúde na vida de usuários de cateterismo urinário

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the influence of social determinants of health on the life conditions of patients who use intermittent urinary catheters. Method: This was a descriptive study conducted in a rehabilitation center with 243 neurogenic bladder patients who used clear intermittent urinary catheters. The study was carried out between March 2012 and October 2015, using interviews based on semi-structured instruments, and data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results: Most of the patients were men, between 16 and 64 years old, single, with an elementary education level, and a monthly household income of 2 to 3 minimum wages. The results show that the social determinants of health were related to socioeconomic, demographic, and health factors. Conclusion: The findings indicate a complex relationship between social determinants of health and the life conditions of patients who use clean intermittent urinary catheters, presenting greater vulnerability related to some aspects of health conditions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la influencia de factores de los determinantes sociales de salud en las condiciones de vida de pacientes usuarios de cateterismo urinario intermitente. Método: Investigación descriptiva realizada en centro de Rehabilitación. Participaron 243 pacientes con vejiga neurogénica, usuarios de cateterismo urinario intermitente limpio. Estudio realizado entre marzo de 2012 y octubre de 2015, aplicando entrevista apoyada por instrumento semiestructurado, y análisis por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes era de sexo masculino, edad entre 16 y 64 años, solteros, con enseñanza primaria e ingresos familiares entre 2 y 3 salarios mínimos. Los determinantes sociales de salud encontrados estuvieron relacionados a aspectos socioeconómicos, demográficos y condiciones de salud. Conclusión: Los hallazgos señalan una compleja relación entre los determinantes sociales de salud y las condiciones de vida de estos pacientes usuarios de cateterismo urinario intermitente limpio, presentando vulnerabilidad en relación a algunos aspectos de las condiciones de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a influência de fatores dos determinantes sociais de saúde nas condições de vida de pacientes usuários de cateterismo urinário intermitente. Método: Pesquisa descritiva realizada em um Centro de Reabilitação com 243 pacientes com bexiga neurogênica, usuários de cateterismo urinário intermitente limpo. O período do estudo foi de março/2012 a outubro/2015, utilizando-se entrevista com apoio de um instrumento semiestruturado e análise por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero masculino, idade entre 16 e 64 anos, solteiros, com ensino fundamental e renda familiar mensal de 2 a 3 salários mínimos. Os determinantes sociais de saúde encontrados foram relacionados aos aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos e condições de saúde. Conclusão: Os achados assinalam para uma complexa relação entre os determinantes sociais de saúde e as condições de vida desses pacientes usuários de cateterismo urinário intermitente limpo, apresentando uma vulnerabilidade com relação a alguns aspectos das condições de saúde.

Trends in Research on Simulation in the Teaching of Nursing: An Integrative Review.

AIM: The aim of the study was to identify and reflect on evidence regarding the use of simulation in nursing education. BACKGROUND: The use of simulation as a teaching strategy in nursing is expanding. It is important to check the evidence deriving from research. METHOD: Departing from a guiding question, an international literature search was undertaken between January 2008 and March 2014 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. RESULTS: Out of 160 articles, 68.1 percent used simulated teaching to develop clinical reasoning; 31.9 percent used it to train skills. Most (about 91.8 percent) discussed positive aspects related to the use of simulation, including support for the teaching process and increased self-efficacy and self-confidence. CONCLUSION: The studies indicate that appropriate tools are needed to measure the true impact of the strategy on the teaching of nursing care and the training needed to use simulation as a teaching strategy.

Semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales / Validação semântica das versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização / Validación semántica de las versiones cortas de las Escalas de Medición del Cociente de Empatía/Sistematización

ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales, intended to measure the empathetic and systemizing profiles of individuals. The scales originated in Cambridge and were validated in Portugal, and were assessed for their psychometric properties. Method: methodological study included the scales' semantic validation (content validity) and verification of their psychometric properties (internal consistency). Five judges participated in the semantic validation. The Content Validity Index was calculated, a pretest was conducted with 18 undergraduate nursing students, and, finally, the scales were applied to a sample. Results: the sample was composed of 215 undergraduate nursing students, 186 (86.51%) of whom were women aged 21 years old, on average. The scales presented good internal consistency with global Cronbach's alphas equal to 0.83 and 0.79 for the Empathy Quotient and the Systemizing Quotient, respectively. Correlations between the scales and subscales of the Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient were all positive and significant according to the Pearson correlation coefficient. Conclusion: the scales are reliable and valid to measure the empathetic and systemizing profile of undergraduate nursing students and the final version was named "versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização - Brasil" [short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales - Brazil].

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a validação semântica e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas das versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização, originadas em Cambridge e validadas em Portugal, para mensurar o perfil empático e sistemático dos indivíduos. Método: estudo metodológico no qual foram compreendidas a validação semântica (validade de conteúdo) e a verificação das propriedades psicométricas (consistência interna) das escalas. Cinco juízes participaram da validação semântica. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, seguido de pré-teste, com 18 graduandos em enfermagem e posterior aplicação a uma amostra. Resultados: a amostra foi composta de 215 graduandos em enfermagem, sendo 186 (86,51%) do sexo feminino, com idade média de 21 anos. As escalas apresentaram boa consistência interna, com valores de Alfa de Cronbach global de 0,83 para o Quociente de Empatia e 0,79 para o Quociente de Sistematização. As correlações entre as escalas e subescalas do Quociente de Empatia e Quociente de Sistematização foram todas positivas e significantes, resultantes do teste de correlação de Pearson. Conclusão: as escalas foram consideradas confiáveis e válidas para mensurar o perfil empático e sistemático de graduandos em enfermagem e a versão final foi denominada versões curtas das Escalas de Medição do Quociente de Empatia/Sistematização - Brasil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la validación semántica y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones cortas de las Escalas de Medición del Cociente de Empatía/Sistematización, originadas en Cambridge y validadas en Portugal, para medir el perfil empático y sistemático de los individuos. Método: estudio metodológico que comprendió la validación semántica (validez de contenido) y verificación de las propiedades psicométricas (consistencia interna) de las escalas. Cinco jueces participaron de la validación semántica. Después de calculado el Índice de Validez de Contenido, se realizó el pretest con dieciocho estudiantes de enfermería y posteriormente se aplicó a una muestra. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 215 estudiantes de enfermería, siendo 186 (86,51%) del sexo femenino, con edad media de 21 años. Las escalas presentaron buena consistencia interna con valores de Alpha de Cronbach Global de 0,83 para el Cociente de Empatía y 0,79 para el Cociente de Sistematización. Las correlaciones entre las escalas y subescalas del Cociente de Empatía y Cociente de Sistematización fueron todas positivas y significativas, las que fueron resultado del test de correlación de Pearson. Conclusión: las escalas fueron consideradas confiables y válidas para medir el perfil empático y sistemático de estudiantes de enfermería; la versión final fue denominada de "versiones cortas de las Escalas de Medición del Cociente de Empatía/Sistematización - Brasil".

Nursing and Global Health: social determinants of health in the training of nurses / Enfermería y Salud Global: determinantes sociales de salud en la preparación de enfermeros / Enfermagem e Saúde Global: determinantes sociais de saúde no preparo de enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate to which extent nursing professors understand how social determinants of health impact on health, and whether the topic is addressed in nursing undergraduate education in Brazil. Method: This is a methodological study carried out with 222 nursing faculty members from Brazilian higher education institutions. The answers of the domain "Social and environmental determinants of health", concerning a questionnaire on "Core Competencies in Global Health", were analyzed. Results: Most professors have over 10 years of experience in nursing higher education. A large part of the participants strongly agreed or agreed on the importance of college subjects related to the above-mentioned topic for the education of the nurses. Conclusion: The professors in this study agreed that social and environmental health determinants must be taught in Nursing school, since it is necessary that nurses value this knowledge, slowly making it a part of the curriculum framework.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar en qué grado una muestra de docentes de enfermería entiende que los determinantes sociales de salud afectan la salud, y si el tema es abordado en la enseñanza de grado de enfermería en Brasil. Método: Estudio metodológico realizado con 222 docentes de escuelas de enfermería brasileñas. Fueron analizadas las respuestas del dominio "Determinantes sociales y ambientales de salud", referente al cuestionario "Competencias Básicas Esenciales de Salud Global". Resultados: En su mayoría, los docentes presentaron tiempo de actuación en enseñanza superior de enfermería superior a 10 años. Entre los participantes, gran parte concordó totalmente o concordó sobre la importancia de contenidos relacionados al tema en la formación de enfermeros. Conclusión: Los docentes concordaron en que los determinantes sociales y ambientales de salud deben ser dictados en los cursos de enfermería, toda vez que resulta fundamental que la enfermería valore este conocimiento y lo introduzca gradualmente en su grilla curricular.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar em que grau uma amostra de docentes de enfermagem entende que os determinantes sociais de saúde afetam a saúde e se o tema é abordado no ensino de graduação em enfermagem no Brasil. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado com 222 docentes de escolas de enfermagem brasileiras. Foram analisadas as respostas do domínio "Determinantes sociais e ambientais de saúde" referente ao questionário "Competências Básicas Essenciais de Saúde Global". Resultados: Em sua maioria, os docentes apresentaram tempo de atuação no ensino superior de enfermagem acima de 10 anos. Dentre os participantes, grande parte concordou totalmente ou concordou sobre a relevância dos conteúdos relacionados ao tema para a formação de enfermeiros. Conclusão: Neste estudo, os docentes concordaram que os determinantes sociais e ambientais de saúde devem ser ministrados nos cursos de enfermagem, uma vez que é fundamental que a enfermagem valorize esse conhecimento e o introduza gradativamente em sua grade curricular.

Simulação de realidade virtual imersiva no procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo / Immersive virtual reality simulation in the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection

A punção venosa periférica é a inserção de dispositivos por veia periférica para acesso à corrente sanguínea, como na coleta de sangue para exames; embora seja um procedimento comum no tratamento intra-hospitalar, é complexo e exige competência profissional. A realização desse procedimento de forma inadequada pode colocar em risco a saúde do paciente, podendo provocar diversas complicações ao seu tratamento. A pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar a primeira versão de um simulador de realidade virtual (RV) imersiva para o procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo no paciente adulto. Revisão integrativa da literatura permitiu verificar as estratégias de ensino de punção venosa periférica na enfermagem. Procedeu-se, em seguida, um estudo com delineamento metodológico para desenvolver e validar a primeira versão do simulador. O uso de recursos tecnológicos como estratégias de ensino em enfermagem está em expansão, porém a simulação com RV, principalmente no ensino de punção venosa periférica, ainda é um vasto campo a ser explorado. Foi desenvolvida a primeira versão de um simulador de RV para a coleta de sangue à vácuo no adulto - o VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0, o qual foi avaliado por profissionais e graduandos de enfermagem. Foram considerados válidos 79,6% dos itens avaliados pelos profissionais e 66,7% dos itens avaliados pelos graduandos. As sugestões propostas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa para melhorias do sistema, em sua maioria, são passíveis de aceitação no decorrer do incremento das versões seguintes. Mesmo havendo necessidade de revisão de diversos itens, na avaliação dos participantes, o simulador foi considerado uma ferramenta promissora e inovadora para o ensino do procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo em paciente adulto, para graduandos de enfermagem que estão se iniciando no estudo da temática e da técnica, como estratégia a ser combinada com os recursos já utilizados atualmente no ensino do procedimento. É relevante que se invista em estratégias inovadoras e motivadoras para aplicação no ensino de enfermagem, principalmente com o uso da realidade virtual imersiva

Peripheral venipuncture is the insertion of a peripheral venous device to access bloodstream, such as in blood collection for tests; although it is a common procedure in in-hospital treatment, it is complex and requires professional competence. Failure to perform this procedure may put the patient's health at risk, and may cause several complications to his/her treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate the first version of an immersive virtual reality (VR) simulator for the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection in adult patient. Teaching strategies of peripheral venipuncture in nursing were verified through an integrative literature review. Then, a study with a methodological design was performed to develop and validate the first version of the simulator. The use of technological resources such as teaching strategies in nursing is expanding; however, the simulation with VR, mainly in the teaching of peripheral venipuncture, is still a vast field to be explored. The first version of a VR simulator for vacuum blood collection in adult patient was developed - VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0, which was evaluated by professionals and undergraduate nursing students. 79.6% of the items evaluated by the professionals and 66.7% of the items evaluated by the undergraduate students were considered valid. The suggestions proposed by the research subjects for system improvements, for the most part, may be included in the following versions. Although it was necessary to review several items, in the evaluation of the participants, the simulator was considered a promising and innovative tool for the teaching of the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection in adult patients, for nursing undergraduate students who are beginning the study of the subject and technique, as a strategy to be combined with the resources already used in the teaching of the procedure. It is relevant to invest in innovative and motivating strategies for application in nursing teaching, especially with the use of immersive virtual reality

Simulação de realidade virtual imersiva no procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo / Immersive virtual reality simulation in the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection

A punção venosa periférica é a inserção de dispositivos por veia periférica para acesso à corrente sanguínea, como na coleta de sangue para exames; embora seja um procedimento comum no tratamento intra-hospitalar, é complexo e exige competência profissional. A realização desse procedimento de forma inadequada pode colocar em risco a saúde do paciente, podendo provocar diversas complicações ao seu tratamento. A pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar a primeira versão de um simulador de realidade virtual (RV) imersiva para o procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo no paciente adulto. Revisão integrativa da literatura permitiu verificar as estratégias de ensino de punção venosa periférica na enfermagem. Procedeu-se, em seguida, um estudo com delineamento metodológico para desenvolver e validar a primeira versão do simulador. O uso de recursos tecnológicos como estratégias de ensino em enfermagem está em expansão, porém a simulação com RV, principalmente no ensino de punção venosa periférica, ainda é um vasto campo a ser explorado. Foi desenvolvida a primeira versão de um simulador de RV para a coleta de sangue à vácuo no adulto - o VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0, o qual foi avaliado por profissionais e graduandos de enfermagem. Foram considerados válidos 79,6% dos itens avaliados pelos profissionais e 66,7% dos itens avaliados pelos graduandos. As sugestões propostas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa para melhorias do sistema, em sua maioria, são passíveis de aceitação no decorrer do incremento das versões seguintes. Mesmo havendo necessidade de revisão de diversos itens, na avaliação dos participantes, o simulador foi considerado uma ferramenta promissora e inovadora para o ensino do procedimento de punção venosa periférica para coleta de sangue a vácuo em paciente adulto, para graduandos de enfermagem que estão se iniciando no estudo da temática e da técnica, como estratégia a ser combinada com os recursos já utilizados atualmente no ensino do procedimento. É relevante que se invista em estratégias inovadoras e motivadoras para aplicação no ensino de enfermagem, principalmente com o uso da realidade virtual imersiva

Peripheral venipuncture is the insertion of a peripheral venous device to access bloodstream, such as in blood collection for tests; although it is a common procedure in in-hospital treatment, it is complex and requires professional competence. Failure to perform this procedure may put the patient's health at risk, and may cause several complications to his/her treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate the first version of an immersive virtual reality (VR) simulator for the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection in adult patient. Teaching strategies of peripheral venipuncture in nursing were verified through an integrative literature review. Then, a study with a methodological design was performed to develop and validate the first version of the simulator. The use of technological resources such as teaching strategies in nursing is expanding; however, the simulation with VR, mainly in the teaching of peripheral venipuncture, is still a vast field to be explored. The first version of a VR simulator for vacuum blood collection in adult patient was developed - VIDA-Enfermagem v1.0, which was evaluated by professionals and undergraduate nursing students. 79.6% of the items evaluated by the professionals and 66.7% of the items evaluated by the undergraduate students were considered valid. The suggestions proposed by the research subjects for system improvements, for the most part, may be included in the following versions. Although it was necessary to review several items, in the evaluation of the participants, the simulator was considered a promising and innovative tool for the teaching of the peripheral venipuncture procedure for vacuum blood collection in adult patients, for nursing undergraduate students who are beginning the study of the subject and technique, as a strategy to be combined with the resources already used in the teaching of the procedure. It is relevant to invest in innovative and motivating strategies for application in nursing teaching, especially with the use of immersive virtual reality

Jogos sérios em ambiente virtual para ensino-aprendizagem na saúde / Serious games in virtual environments for health teaching and learning

Objetivo: identificar na literatura como tem evoluído o uso de jogos sérios em ambiente virtual para o ensinoaprendizagem na saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa, com buscas nas bases de dados: Web of Science, National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Resultados: identificaram-se 82.779 artigos, dos quais 13 foram analisados na íntegra. Jogos sérios apresentam menor custo comparados às simulações de procedimentos cirúrgicos, fácil acessibilidade e adequação ao desenvolvimento de habilidades cirúrgicas, treino de pacientes, aptidões, raciocínio clínico e tomada de decisão. Conclusão: os jogos sérios têm sido desenvolvidos por meio da elaboração de softwares e ferramenta de interatividade específica, principalmente os direcionados ao desenvolvimento de habilidades; com uso de componentes via internet, especialmente, na Medicina e Enfermagem; e utilizam periféricos dos próprios computadores nas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem para incentivar o raciocínio clínico e a tomada de decisão. (AU)