Family burden after critical illness: the forgotten caregivers / La sobrecarga familiar tras una enfermedad crítica: los cuidadores olvidados

Objective To determine the incidence of primary caregiver burden in a cohort of family members of critically ill patients admitted to ICU and to identify risk factors related to its development in both the patient and the family member. Design Prospective observational cohort study was conducted for 24 months. Setting Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada. Patients The sample was the primary caregivers of all patients with risk factors for development of PICS (Post-Intensive Care Syndrome). Interventions The follow-up protocol consisted of evaluation 3 months after discharge from the ICU in a specific consultation. Main variables of interest The scales used in patients were Barthel, SF-12, HADS, Pfeiffer, IES-6 and in relatives the Apgar and Zarit. Results A total of 93 patients and caregivers were included in the follow-up. 15 relatives did not complete the follow-up questionnaires and were excluded from the study. The incidence of PICS-F (Family Post Intensive Care Syndrome) defined by the presence of primary caregiver burden in our cohort of patients is 34.6% (n=27), 95% CI 25.0−45.7. The risk factors for the development of caregiver burden are the presence of physical impairment, anxiety or post-traumatic stress in the patient, with no relationship found with the characteristics studied in the family member. Conclusions One out of 3 relatives of patients with risk factors for the development of PICS presents at 3 months caregiver burden. This is related to factors dependent on the patient's state of health. (AU)

Objetivo Determinar la incidencia de la sobrecarga del cuidador principal en una cohorte de familiares de pacientes críticos ingresados en UCI e identificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con su desarrollo tanto en el paciente como en el familiar. Diseño Estudio de cohortes observacional prospectivo durante 24 meses. Ámbito Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio de Granada. Pacientes La muestra estuvo compuesta por los cuidadores principales de todos los pacientes con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de SPCI (Síndrome Post-Cuidados Intensivos). Intervenciones El protocolo de seguimiento consistió en la evaluación a los 3 meses del alta de la UCI en una consulta específica. Variables de interés principales Las escalas utilizadas fueron Barthel, SF-12, HADS, Pfeiffer, IES-6, Apgar y Zarit. Resultados Un total de 93 pacientes y cuidadores fueron incluidos en el seguimiento. 15 cuidadores no completaron los cuestionarios de seguimiento y fueron excluidos del estudio. La incidencia de PICS-F (Síndrome Post-Cuidados Intensivos Familiar) definido por la presencia de sobrecarga del cuidador en nuestra cohorte es del 34,6% (n=27), IC 95% 25,0–45,7. Los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del mismo son la presencia de deterioro físico, ansiedad o estrés postraumático en el paciente, no encontrándose relación con las características estudiadas en el familiar. Conclusiones Uno de cada 3 familiares de pacientes con factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de SPCI presenta a los 3 meses sobrecarga del cuidador, relacionándose con factores dependientes del estado de salud del paciente. (AU)

Family burden after critical illness: the forgotten caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of primary caregiver burden in a cohort of family members of critically ill patients admitted to ICU and to identify risk factors related to its development in both the patient and the family member. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study was conducted for 24 months. SETTING: Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio, Granada. PATIENTS: The sample was the primary caregivers of all patients with risk factors for development of PICS (Post-Intensive Care Syndrome). INTERVENTIONS: The follow-up protocol consisted of evaluation 3 months after discharge from the ICU in a specific consultation. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: The scales used in patients were Barthel, SF-12, HADS, Pfeiffer, IES-6 and in relatives the Apgar and Zarit. RESULTS: A total of 93 patients and caregivers were included in the follow-up. 15 relatives did not complete the follow-up questionnaires and were excluded from the study. The incidence of PICS-F (Family Post Intensive Care Syndrome) defined by the presence of primary caregiver burden in our cohort of patients is 34.6% (n=27), 95% CI 25.0-45.7. The risk factors for the development of caregiver burden are the presence of physical impairment, anxiety or post-traumatic stress in the patient, with no relationship found with the characteristics studied in the family member. CONCLUSIONS: One out of 3 relatives of patients with risk factors for the development of PICS presents at 3 months caregiver burden. This is related to factors dependent on the patient's state of health.

Incidence and risk factors for postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients. / Incidência e fatores de risco associados à síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado crítico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit and to identify risk factors related to its development in the physical, cognitive and mental health areas. METHODS: This was a prospective observational cohort study developed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients with intensive care unit stays equal to or longer than one week and the need for mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days, shock or delirium were included in the study. Demographic variables, reasons for admission, diagnoses, sedation, type of mechanical ventilation used, complications and length of stay were recorded. A univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors related to postintensive care syndrome. The scales used for the assessment of the different spheres were Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-6. The main variables of interest were postintensive care syndrome incidence overall and by domains. Risk factors were examined in each of the health domains (physical, cognitive and mental health). RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were included. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 16.5. The mean number of intensive care unit days was 17. The incidence of global postintensive care syndrome was 56.3% (n = 49, 95%CI 45.8 - 66.2%). The incidence of postintensive care syndrome in each of the spheres was 32.1% (physical), 11.5% (cognitive), and 36.6% (mental health). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of postintensive care syndrome is 56.3%. The mental health sphere is the most frequently involved. The risk factors are different depending on the area considered.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado crítico admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva e identificar fatores de risco relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento nas áreas de saúde física, cognitiva e mental. MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo desenvolvido na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva a partir de 1 semana e com necessidade de ventilação mecânica por mais de 3 dias, choque ou delirium. Foram registradas variáveis demográficas, motivo da admissão, diagnósticos, sedação, tipo de ventilação mecânica, complicações e tempo de internação. Realizou-se análise univariada para identificar os fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos. As escalas utilizadas para a avaliação das diferentes esferas foram Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e Impact of Event Scale-6. As principais variáveis de interesse foram incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos de modo geral e por domínios. Os fatores de risco foram examinados em cada um dos domínios da saúde (saúde física, cognitiva e mental). RESULTADOS: Participaram 87 pacientes. A Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II média foi de 16,5. O número médio de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva foi 17. A incidência geral da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3% (n = 49; IC95% 45,8 - 66,2). A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em cada uma das esferas foi de 32,1% (física), 11,5% (cognitiva) e 36,6% (saúde mental). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3%. A esfera da saúde mental foi a mais frequentemente envolvida. Os fatores de risco diferem, dependendo da área considerada.

Incidência e fatores de risco associados à síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado crítico / Incidence and risk factors for postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em uma coorte de pacientes em estado crítico admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva e identificar fatores de risco relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento nas áreas de saúde física, cognitiva e mental. Métodos: Este foi um estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo desenvolvido na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário. Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva a partir de 1 semana e com necessidade de ventilação mecânica por mais de 3 dias, choque ou delirium. Foram registradas variáveis demográficas, motivo da admissão, diagnósticos, sedação, tipo de ventilação mecânica, complicações e tempo de internação. Realizou-se análise univariada para identificar os fatores de risco relacionados à síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos. As escalas utilizadas para a avaliação das diferentes esferas foram Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale e Impact of Event Scale-6. As principais variáveis de interesse foram incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos de modo geral e por domínios. Os fatores de risco foram examinados em cada um dos domínios da saúde (saúde física, cognitiva e mental). Resultados: Participaram 87 pacientes. A Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II média foi de 16,5. O número médio de dias na unidade de terapia intensiva foi 17. A incidência geral da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3% (n = 49; IC95% 45,8 - 66,2). A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos em cada uma das esferas foi de 32,1% (física), 11,5% (cognitiva) e 36,6% (saúde mental). Conclusão: A incidência da síndrome pós-cuidados intensivos foi de 56,3%. A esfera da saúde mental foi a mais frequentemente envolvida. Os fatores de risco diferem, dependendo da área considerada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of postintensive care syndrome in a cohort of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit and to identify risk factors related to its development in the physical, cognitive and mental health areas. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study developed in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients with intensive care unit stays equal to or longer than one week and the need for mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days, shock or delirium were included in the study. Demographic variables, reasons for admission, diagnoses, sedation, type of mechanical ventilation used, complications and length of stay were recorded. A univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors related to postintensive care syndrome. The scales used for the assessment of the different spheres were Barthel, Pfeiffer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-6. The main variables of interest were postintensive care syndrome incidence overall and by domains. Risk factors were examined in each of the health domains (physical, cognitive and mental health). Results: Eighty-seven patients were included. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 16.5. The mean number of intensive care unit days was 17. The incidence of global postintensive care syndrome was 56.3% (n = 49, 95%CI 45.8 - 66.2%). The incidence of postintensive care syndrome in each of the spheres was 32.1% (physical), 11.5% (cognitive), and 36.6% (mental health). Conclusions: The incidence of postintensive care syndrome is 56.3%. The mental health sphere is the most frequently involved. The risk factors are different depending on the area considered.

Vaccinated Patients Admitted in ICU with Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Pilot Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against COVID-19, to describe the clinical profile of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU, and to assess the humoral immune response to vaccination. Methods: In this multicenter prospective descriptive cohort study, consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. The time of study was from 1 July to 10 August of 2021. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No patient was admitted having previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the most frequently identified, in 80.76% of cases. Patients with a complete vaccination with non-optimal antibody levels were immunocompromised. Fifteen patients were admitted to the ICU with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) without having completed their vaccination; the clinical profile was younger and with less comorbidities compared to patients with full vaccination. There were no differences in severity of ARDS. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromised.