RESUMEN
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes capable to recognize and kill virus-infected and cancer cells. In the past years, the use of allogeneic NK cells as anti-cancer therapy gained interest due to their ability to induce graft-versus-cancer responses without causing graft-versus-host disease and multiple protocols have been developed to produce high numbers of activated NK cells. While the ability of these cells to mediate tumor kill has been extensively studied, less is known about their capacity to influence the activity of other immune cells that may contribute to a concerted anti-tumor response in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we analyzed how an allogeneic off-the-shelf cord blood stem cell-derived NK-cell product influenced the activation of dendritic cells (DC). Crosstalk between NK cells and healthy donor monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) resulted in the release of IFNγ and TNF, MoDC activation, and the release of the T-cell-recruiting chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10. Moreover, in the presence of prostaglandin-E2, NK cell/MoDC crosstalk antagonized the detrimental effect of IL-10 on MoDC maturation leading to higher expression of multiple (co-)stimulatory markers. The NK cells also induced activation of conventional DC2 (cDC2) and CD8+ T cells, and the release of TNF, GM-CSF, and CXCL9/10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The activated phenotype of MoDC/cDC2 and the increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T-cell-recruiting chemokines resulting from NK cell/DC crosstalk should contribute to a more inflamed TME and may thus enhance the efficacy of T-cell-based therapies.
RESUMEN
The mechanisms of perinatal stroke are poorly understood but preclinical studies point to the crucial role of perinatal inflammation. Carotid artery occlusion represents a very rare and severe cause of perinatal stroke. We describe two cases diagnosed with extensive ischemic stroke due to carotid artery occlusion. In both cases, we demonstrated placental vasculopathy. High levels of C-reactive protein in mother and/or neonates suggested inflammatory mechanism as a potential trigger. Both cases underwent hypothermic treatment without complications because of initial diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia. The prognosis at the time of the last follow up was severe including cerebral palsy, epilepsy and cognitive impairment. Our cases contribute to the actual debate on pathogenic mechanisms and treatment options for this rare condition.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Arterias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Parálisis Cerebral/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Arterias Carótidas/patología , Infarto Cerebral/complicaciones , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Parálisis Cerebral/fisiopatología , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiología , Preescolar , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro/patología , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/etiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton é uma planta medicinal de porte arbustivo com folhas aromáticas que possuem óleo essencial rico em citral. A crescente demanda da indústria farmacêutica e cosmética pelo óleo essencial de A. triphylla promoveram grande interesse sobre o cultivo dessa espécie. A estaquia é um dos principais métodos de propagação devido à dificuldade em obter sementes, e também pela vantagem dos descendentes serem iguais à planta-matriz. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de AIB e do comprimento das estacas no enraizamento de estacas de A. triphylla. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no período de Novembro de 2010 a Janeiro de 2011. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial onde os fatores foram cinco concentrações de ácido indol butírico (AIB) (mg L-1): 0, 250, 500, 1000 e 1500, e quatro comprimentos de estaca: 4, 6, 8 e 10 cm. As estacas tiveram a base imersa em solução de AIB e foram colocadas para enraizar em substrato comercial Mecplant®. As variáveis analisadas foram: comprimento do sistema radicular, percentagem de estacas enraizadas (%), número de brotações, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, e massa seca das raízes. Nas condições em que o estudo foi realizado os resultados mostraram que o comprimento das estacas e concentração de AIB afetam o desenvolvimento das estacas, apresentando ajuste quadrático e linear para as variáveis analisadas. As mudas obtidas a partir de estacas com 10 cm e concentração de 1500 mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram a maior percentagem de enraizamento e as maiores médias para o comprimento do sistema radicular, número de brotações, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea.
Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton is a medicinal plant shrub with aromatic leaves, which have essential oil rich in citral. The increasing demand of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries for the A. triphyllaessential oil provided a greater interest in the cultivation of this species. Cutting is one of the main methods of propagation, due to the difficulty in obtaining seeds and also for the benefit of descendants being equal to the parent plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of IBA and length of cuttings in the rooting of A. triphylla. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment in the period from November 2010 to January 2011. The experimental design was completely randomized using the factorial design where the factors were five concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) (mg L-1): 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500, and four lengthsforthe cuttings: 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm. The cutting base was immersed in a solution of IBA and placed into the rooting Mecplant ® commercial substrate. The variables analyzed were: root length, percentage of rooted cuttings (%), number of shoots, fresh and dry weight of the shoots, and dry weight of the roots. Under the conditions in which the study was conducted, the results showed that the length of the cuttings and IBA concentration affect the development of the cuttings, with linear and quadratic adjustment for the variables analyzed. The seedlings of cuttings with 10cm and the concentration of 1500 mg L-1 IBA showed the highest percentage of rooting and the highest averages for length of the root system, number of shoots, fresh and dry weight of the shoots.
Asunto(s)
Verbenaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/análisis , CitrusRESUMEN
A determinação de substratos alternativos viáveis para a produção de mudas de plantas medicinais é de grande relevância, pois o aproveitamento de resíduos de atividades agrícolas representa alternativa para problemas ambientais e sociais. Os experimentos foram realizados em ambiente protegido e a campo, na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, com o objetivo de avaliar substratos orgânicos para produção de mudas de hortelã para cultivo a campo. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial, sendo avaliados quatro substratos [esterco bovino + vermiculita + areia (1:1:1), esterco bovino + areia + solo (1:1:1), solo + vermiculita + cama-de-aviário (1:1:1) e substrato organo-mineral Plantmax® HA] e duas espécies de menta (Mentha gracilis e Mentha x villosa). Foram analisadas a altura da plantas e o número de folhas aos 07, 14 e 21 dias após o transplantio, índice de mortalidade, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Não houve interação entre as espécies de menta e substratos para as variáveis analisadas. O substrato organo-mineral Plantmax® apresentou os melhores resultados para o número de folhas (8,44), altura (8,46 cm), produção de massa fresca (1,56 g planta-1), seca (0,23 g planta-1) e 100 por cento de pegamento de mudas a campo o que para o produtor de menta é de grande interesse. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que para a produção de mudas de Mentha gracilis e Mentha villosa o substrato Plantmax® HA é o mais recomendado.
The determination of viable alternative substrates is of great importance for the production of medicinal seedlings since the use of residues from agricultural activities represents an alternative to solve environmental and social problems. The experiments were carried out in protected environment and in the field, located in the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Dois Vizinhos Campus, Paraná State, Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate organic substrates for the production of mint seedlings in the field. Experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three replicates, in a factorial arrangement evaluating four substrates [bovine manure + vermiculite + sand (1:1:1); bovine manure + sand + soil (1:1:1); soil + vermiculite + poultry manure (1:1:1); and the organomineral substrate Plantmax® HA] and two mint species (Mentha gracilis and Mentha x villosa). Plant height and leaf number were evaluated at 07, 14 and 21 days after transplanting, besides death rate and fresh and dry matter of shoots and roots. There was no interaction between mint species and substrates for the evaluated variables. The organomineral substrate Plantmax® HA presented the best results for leaf number (8.44), height (8.46 cm), fresh matter (1.56 g plant-1), dry matter (0.23 g plant-1) and set (100 percent seedlings in the field), which is of great interest for the mint producer. Based on these results, we concluded that the substrate Plantmaxâ HA is the most recommended for the production of Mentha x villosa and Mentha gracilis seedlings.