Is the happiness of Chinese truly the highest in the world? The impact of basic public services on happiness.

Based on the survey report by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and Ipsos Group, the world ranking of Chinese people's happiness shows a significant gap. This study attempts to analyze the subjective well-being of Chinese residents through public database from the China Household Finance Survey Center in 2017. An ordered Probit model is constructed to investigate the impact of non-monetary factors, specifically basic public services, on the subjective well-being of Chinese people. The results indicate that: (1) The subjective well-being of Chinese residents is found to be lower than what the survey report indicated. (2) Basic public services have a significant positive impact on residents' happiness. (3) Social trust played a moderating role, positively influencing the relationship between basic public services and residents' happiness. (4) The impact of basic public services on happiness varied significantly depending on factors such as age, registered residence, and places of residence. To enhance the happiness of Chinese residents, it is recommended to focus on improving the equalization of basic public services and establishing a robust basic public service system. These measures can effectively contribute to the overall well-being and happiness of the population.

Risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in gastric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a common and serious consequence of gastrectomy. The prevalence of POPF among patients with gastric cancer varies greatly, and the risk factors and outcomes of POPF are also controversial. The meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the risk factors for POPF in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Chinese databases (SinoMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP Databases) were searched to identify relevant studies (from inception to May 2023). Two researchers evaluated the literature quality and extracted data individually. The Review Manager 5.4 program was used to analyze all of the data. RESULTS: In our meta-analysis, 22 studies totaling 11,647 patients were analyzed. Male sex (OR = 3.06), older age (OR = 3.22), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.58), visceral fat area (VFA) ≥ 100 cm2 (OR = 3.65), pTNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ (OR = 2.47), the number of lymphlode dissections (OR = 1.04), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (OR = 2.91), the application of LigaSure (OR = 3.30), open surgery (OR = 3.23), intraoperative combined organ resection (OR = 4.11), drainage amylase concentration on the first postoperative day (OR = 5.73) and C-reactive protein on the 3rd postoperative day ≥20 mg/dL (OR = 7.29) were the risk factors for POPF in gastric cancer patients. On the other hand, the operation time (OR = 1.34) was not a risk factor for POPF. CONCLUSION: The frequency of POPF in people undergoing gastrectomy was determined by a variety of risk factors. Medical professionals should identify risk factors early and impose interventions to prevent them to lower the incidence of POPF in gastric cancer patients.

Apolipoprotein C-III itself stimulates the Syk/cPLA2-induced inflammasome activation of macrophage to boost anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cell.

Increased prevalence of cancer in obese individuals is involved with dyslipidemia- induced chronic inflammation and immune suppression. Although apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC3)-transgenic mice (ApoC3TG mice) or poloxamer 407 (P407)-treated mice had hyperlipidemia, CD8+ T cells with upregulated antitumor activities were observed in ApoC3TG mice, and decreased CD8+ T cell activities were observed in P407-treated mice. Increased ApoC3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and predicted survival. Recombinant ApoC3 had no direct effects on CD8+ T cells. The upregulation of CD8+ T cells in ApoC3TG mice was due to cross-talk with context cells, as indicated by metabolic changes and RNA sequencing results. In contrast to dendritic cells, the macrophages of ApoC3TG mice (macrophagesTG) displayed an activated phenotype and increased IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-6 production. Coculture with macrophagesTG increased CD8+ T cell function, and the adoptive transfer of macrophagesTG suppressed tumor progression in vivo. Furthermore, spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation induced by TLR2/TLR4 cross-linking after ApoC3 ligation promoted cellular phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation, which in turn activated NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to promote an alternative mode of inflammasome activation. Meanwhile, mitochondrial ROS produced by increased oxidative phosphorylation of free fatty acids facilitated the classical inflammasome activation, which exerted an auxiliary effect on inflammasome activation of macrophagesTG. Collectively, the increased antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells was mediated by the ApoC3-stimulated inflammasome activation of macrophages, and the mimetic ApoC3 peptides that can bind TLR2/4 could be a future strategy to target liver cancer.

The Use of Blended Teaching in Higher Medical Education during the Pandemic Era.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effect of blended teaching and traditional teaching in higher medical education during the pandemic era. Methods: Taking the teaching of neurology as an example, 293 Yangzhou University Clinical Medicine 2016 undergraduate students were selected as the research subjects, and were randomly divided into 2 groups a blended teaching group (n = 148) and a traditional teaching group (n = 145), and received blended teaching and traditional teaching, respectively. The blended teaching was based on a Massive Open Online Course, problem-based learning, and case-based learning and supplemented by Tencent video conferences, QQ messaging groups, and other auxiliary teaching tools. At the end of the course, the teaching effect and satisfaction rate were evaluated through theory assessment, practical skills assessment, and an anonymous questionnaire survey. Results: There were significant differences in theoretical achievements (81.83 ± 6.23 vs 76.79 ± 6.87, P < 0.001) and practical skill achievements (84.74 ± 6.50 vs 78.48 ± 6.53, P < 0.001). In addition, significant differences in all aspects of satisfaction rate were observed between the two groups (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Blended teaching is beneficial to students' learning and stimulates their enthusiasm, cultivates clinical thinking ability, and improves teaching quality. Thus, it has played a positive role in the reform of higher medical teaching during the pandemic era.

Selection of Reference Genes for Normalization of qRT‒PCR Analysis in the Soybean Aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura is a predominant insect pest in Asia and North America and causes great losses to soybean. The release of genome data for A. glycines will facilitate gene function research in the future. However, suitable reference genes for A. glycines under various experimental conditions are scarce. To search for appropriate reference genes for A. glycines, nine candidate reference genes, including Act, α-Tub, ß-Tub, RPS12, RPS18, RPL5, RPL27, EF1α, and Fer, were tested under six experimental conditions to evaluate their suitability for use in the normalization of qRT‒PCR data. Results showed that EF1α and RPS12 were optimal for the developmental stages of A. glycines, RPS18 and RPS12 were appropriate for wing dimorphism, ß-Tub and RPS18 were suitable for different tissues and RPL5, and α-Tub could be used for normalization at different temperatures. ß-Tub and EF1α could be proposed as reference genes for insecticide treatment, and RPL5 and RPS12 were found to be the most stable reference genes in different photoperiods. The results provide appropriate reference genes for analyzing gene expression in A. glycines and contribute to future research on the molecular physiology and biochemistry of A. glycines.

Modelling the current and future potential distribution of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with increasingly serious damage to soybean.

BACKGROUND: The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, has received intense attention in recent years because of its involvement in increasing outbreaks of staygreen syndrome in soybean (Glycine max (L.)), often causing almost 100% loss of soybean yield in China. However, for this pest of great economic importance, potential current and future distribution patterns and their underlying driving factors remain unclear. RESULTS: Maxent modelling under climate, elevation and land-use (including the distribution information of G. max) variables showed that the current potential distribution covered a vast geographic range, primarily including most parts of south, South East and east Asia. Under future environmental scenarios, suitable habitat expanded markedly. Areas that would become highly suitable for R. pedestris were primarily located in north-east China and west India. Five bioclimatic (BIO13, BIO08, BIO18, BIO02 and BIO07) and one land-use (C3 annual crops) predictors contributed approximately 95% to the modelling, and analyses of curve responses showed that to a certain extent, R. pedestris preferred relatively high temperature and precipitation. Our results indicate that a high risk of R. pedestris outbreaks is present in parts of Asia, especially in the soybean-growing regions of China, and this risk will continue in the future. CONCLUSION: The predicted distribution pattern and key regulating factors identified herein could provide a vital reference for developing pest management policies and further alleviate the incidence of staygreen syndrome in soybean. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

The mitochondrial genomes of Tortricidae: nucleotide composition, gene variation and phylogenetic performance.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have greatly improved our understanding of the backbone phylogeny of Lepidoptera, but few studies on comparative mitogenomics below the family level have been conducted. Here, we generated 13 mitogenomes of eight tortricid species, reannotated 27 previously reported mitogenomes, and systematically performed a comparative analysis of nucleotide composition, gene variation and phylogenetic performance. RESULTS: The lengths of completely sequenced mitogenomes ranged from 15,440 bp to 15,778 bp, and the gene content and organization were conserved in Tortricidae and typical for Lepidoptera. Analyses of AT-skew and GC-skew, the effective number of codons and the codon bias index all show a base bias in Tortricidae, with little heterogeneity among the major tortricid groups. Variations in the divergence rates among 13 protein-coding genes of the same tortricid subgroup and of the same PCG among tortricid subgroups were detected. The secondary structures of 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes were predicted and comparatively illustrated, showing evolutionary heterogeneity among different RNAs or different regions of the same RNA. The phylogenetic uncertainty of Enarmoniini in Tortricidae was confirmed. The synonymy of Bactrini and Olethreutini was confirmed for the first time, with the representative Bactrini consistently nesting in the Olethreutini clade. Nad6 exhibits the highest phylogenetic informativeness from the root to the tip of the resulting tree, and the combination of the third coding positions of 13 protein-coding genes shows extremely high phylogenetic informativeness. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents 13 mitogenomes of eight tortricid species and represents the first detailed comparative mitogenomics study of Tortricidae. The results further our understanding of the evolutionary architectures of tortricid mitogenomes and provide a basis for future studies of population genetics and phylogenetic investigations in this group.

Identification and validation of an immune-associated RNA-binding proteins signature to predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in colon cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The immune infiltration of patients with colon cancer (CC) is closely associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, immune-associated RBPs (IARBPs) in CC remain unexplored. METHODS: The data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the patients were divided into four immune subgroups by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), in which weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules of co-expressed genes correlated with immune infiltration. Univariate (UCR) and multivariate Cox regression (MCR) analyses were applied to screen survival-associated IARBPs. Then, a prognostic signature was performed on TCGA dataset. Risk model was constructed based on the TCGA dataset. Based on the median risk score, CC patients were subdivided into low- and high-risk groups. Furthermore, the accuracy and prognostic value of this signature were validated by using Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC). We further validated the findings in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Finally, we evaluated the association between gene expression level and drug sensitivity. RESULTS: Based on the infiltration of immune cells, the TCGA patients were divided into four subgroups. In total, we identified 25 IARBPs, after differential expression and WGCNA analysis. Subsequently, two IARBP signatures (FBXO17 and PPARGC1A) were identified to be significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CC patients. K-M survival analysis revealed that the low-risk group correlated with prolonged OS. The prognostic signature was an independent prognostic factor and reflects the immune status of CC patients. Finally, FBXO17 was related with drug sensitivity of bleomycin, gemcitabine, and lenvatinib. PPARGC1A was related to drug sensitivity of dabrafenib, vemurafenib, and trametinib. CONCLUSION: A novel two immune-associated RBPs that was established that may be useful in predicting survival and individualized treatment.

Low miR-16 expression induces regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T cells involved in colorectal cancer progression.

MiR-15a/16 is a member of the miRNA cluster that exhibits tumor suppression and immune modulation via targeting multiple genes. Decreased miR-15a/16 expression is involved in many cancer cells. Here, miR-16 had decreased expression in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells and bound with the 3'-UTR of NKG2D gene. MiR-15a/16-deficient mice had many CD4+NKG2D+ T cells, which produced TGF-ß1 and IL-10 and inhibited the IFN-γ production of CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells from miR-15a/16-deficient mice promoted tumor growth in vivo. However, no changes for NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cells were found in the miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Although the miR-15a/16 transgenic mice transplanted with B16BL6 or MC38 cells exhibited rapid growth, these tumor-bearing mice did not show changes in NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell distributions in either spleens or tumors. When NK1.1-CD4+ T cells were stimulated by α-CD3/sRAE-1 ex vivo, the NKG2D expression was difficult to induce in the T cells of miR-15a/16-transgenic mice. Finally, increased frequencies of regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T cells with low miR-16 levels were observed in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer (Duke's C, D). Thus, miR-16 modulates NK1.1-CD4+NKG2D+ T cell functions via targeting NKG2D. Low miR-16 expression in CD4+ T cells induces the regulatory CD4+NKG2D+ T subpopulation, which promotes tumor evasion via the secretion of immune-suppressive molecules.

Downregulation of NK cell activities in Apolipoprotein C-III-induced hyperlipidemia resulting from lipid-induced metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk with lipid-laden dendritic cells.

OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein C-III (Apoc3) is a key component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The Apoc3-transgenic mice are characterized by high levels of plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids (FFAs). Apoc3 stimulates human monocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Considering the NK cell downregulation in obese individuals and the possible stimulatory-effects of macrophages, variations of NK cell functions and underlying mechanisms were investigated in mice with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Variations of activities and glycolipid metabolism in NK cells of the Apoc3-transgenic mice with hyperlipidemia were detected. Molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced metabolic-reprogramming in NK cells were analyzed based on the transcriptome sequencing. Finally, effects of DCs in mice with hyperlipidemia on NK cell functions were determined. RESULTS: Impaired number and function of NK cells in Apoc3TG mice was involved with the increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glycolysis. Increased uptake of FFAs in Apoc3TG-NK cells contributed to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and the downstream PTEN-AKT-mTOR/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of PPAR or CPT1α only partly reversed the IFN-γ production of Apoc3TG-NK cells, but completely restored IFN-γ secretion by palmitic acid-treated NK cells ex vivo, indicating that other factors contributed to the Apoc3TG-NK cell downregulation. Meanwhile, Apoc3TG-DCs, which contained more lipids in the cytoplasm, depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase the expressions PD-L1, TGF-ß1, and NKG2D ligands and suppress NK cell activities. DCs of the Apoc3TG-CD36-/+ hybrid mice with less intracellular lipids and ROS production could not inhibit NK cells, indicating that intracellular FFAs promoted the immune-modulatory function of DCs. CONCLUSIONS: The downregulation of NK cell activities in individuals with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia was due to the increased fatty acid oxidation in NK cells and the bystander suppression caused by lipid-laden DCs. The dual recovery function of NK cells and DCs would improve the prognosis of patients with metabolic syndrome.

Deficiency of miR-15a/16 upregulates NKG2D in CD8+ T cells to exacerbate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

The miR-15a/16 gene cluster is located in human chromosome 13 (13q14.3) and mouse chromosome 14 (14qC3). These genes are involved in cancer development and immune regulation. Our group has previously verified the binding of the 3'-untranslated region of NKG2D gene by miR-16 through dual-luciferase reporter assay. Herein, we found that miR-16 overexpression inhibited the NKG2D expression of CD8+ T cells, and that CD8+ NKG2D+ T cell frequency increased in miR-15/16-/- mice. CD8+ NKG2D+ T cells derived of miR-15/16-/- mice displayed activatory phenotype with enhanced IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity. The transfection of lentivirus containing antago-miR-16 sequences enhanced the NKG2D expression level of CD8+ T cells. However, no significant differences in CD8+ NKG2D+ T cell frequencies existed between wild-type and miR-15/16-transgenic mice because NKG2D was not expressed on the rest CD8+ T cells. When CD8+ T cells of miR-15/16-transgenic mice were treated with IL-2 in vitro, the magnitude of NKG2D expression and activation of CD8+ T cells was lower than that of wild-type mice. miR-15/16-/- mice showed that the exacerbation of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with more CD8+ T cells accumulated in inflamed colons, whereas miR-15/16-transgenic mice ameliorated DSS-induced colitis with less infiltration of CD8+ T cells. When NKG2D+ cells were depleted with NKG2D antibody in miR-15/16-/- mice, the aggravated colitis disappeared. All these results demonstrated that NKG2D could be upregulated by decreased miR-16 in CD8+ T cells to mediate inflammation. Thus, gene therapy based on the overexpression of miR-16 in CD8+ T cells can be used for patients with inflammatory diseases.

Establishment and verification of a nomogram for predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely recognized by patients and doctors due to its advantages in early gastric cancer (EGC). The accurate prediction of the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in EGC is important to select suitable treatments with this procedure for patients. Unfortunately, the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography in the diagnosis of EGC lymph node status is extremely limited. The purpose of the present study was to establish an LNM nomogram risk model of early gastric cancer patients based on clinical data, to guide treatment for clinicians. METHODS: a retrospective examination of the records of EGC patients undergoing radical gastrectomy from August 2012 to August 2019 in the Gastrointestinal Center of Subei People's Hospital was performed. The clinicopathological data were classified into a training set and validation set according to the time. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors related to LNM. A risk model for predicting the occurrence of LNM in EGC was established and validated. RESULTS: of the 503 EGC patients, 78 (15.5 %) had lymph node metastasis. Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the predictive factors included sex, tumor location, tumor diameter, differentiation, ulcer and lymphatic vascular invasion. The discrimination of the LNM prediction model was satisfactory with an AUC of 0.8033 (internal validation) and 0.7353 (external validation). The correction effect of the calibration was satisfactory and the DCA decision curve analysis showed a strong clinical practicability. CONCLUSION: the nomogram risk prediction model of LNM has been established for EGC patients to assist in formulating personalized treatment plans.

Symmetric and asymmetric effect of energy consumption and CO2 intensity on environmental quality: using nonlinear and asymmetric approach.

This paper investigates the asymmetric impact of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) intensity on the environmental quality in Russia. The ecological footprint (a proxy for environmental quality) was used as a dependent variable, while independent variables include energy consumption, CO2 intensity, and gross fixed capital formation as a proxy of capital for time series data spanning from 1992 to 2016. To examine the asymmetric cointegration between the selected variables, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method was used. The structural break unit root and BDS tests were used to check data stationarity and nonlinearity, respectively. Besides, the asymmetric causality test in Gauss software was employed to check the causal relationship among the variables. Among the considered variables, the asymmetric cointegration was found. A significant unidirectional symmetric causality was found running from energy consumption to ecological footprint (Wald test = 3.956*) and from ecological footprint to capital (Wald test = 10.115**), while asymmetrically, ecological footprint granger cause energy consumption (Wald test = 6.054**) and capital (Wald test = 6.739**) respectively. On the contrary, a neutral effect was found between environmental quality and CO2 intensity. From these findings, environmental policies are also discussed. Specifically, policymakers should support modern, controlled emission technologies, including nuclear and renewable energy sources and green portfolio investment. Graphical abstract.

A competing-risk nomogram to predict cause-specific death in elderly patients with colorectal cancer after surgery (especially for colon cancer).

BACKGROUND: Clinically, when the diagnosis of colorectal cancer is clear, patients are more concerned about their own prognosis survival. Special population with high risk of accidental death, such as elderly patients, is more likely to die due to causes other than tumors. The main purpose of this study is to construct a prediction model of cause-specific death (CSD) in elderly patients using competing-risk approach, so as to help clinicians to predict the probability of CSD in elderly patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: The data were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to include ≥ 65-year-old patients with colorectal cancer who had undergone surgical treatment from 2010 to 2016. Using competing-risk methodology, the cumulative incidence function (CIF) of CSD was calculated to select the predictors among 13 variables, and the selected variables were subsequently refined and used for the construction of the proportional subdistribution hazard model. The model was presented in the form of nomogram, and the performance of nomogram was bootstrap validated internally and externally using the concordance index (C-index). RESULTS: Dataset of 19,789 patients who met the inclusion criteria were eventually selected for analysis. The five-year cumulative incidence of CSD was 31.405% (95% confidence interval [CI] 31.402-31.408%). The identified clinically relevant variables in nomogram included marital status, pathological grade, AJCC TNM stage, CEA, perineural invasion, and chemotherapy. The nomogram was shown to have good discrimination after internal validation with a C-index of 0.801 (95% CI 0.795-0.807) as well as external validation with a C-index of 0.759 (95% CI 0.716-0.802). Both the internal and external validation calibration curve indicated good concordance between the predicted and actual outcomes. CONCLUSION: Using the large sample database and competing-risk analysis, a postoperative prediction model for elderly patients with colorectal cancer was established with satisfactory accuracy. The individualized estimates of CSD outcome for the elderly patients were realized.

Host plant odours and their recognition by the odourant-binding proteins of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).

BACKGROUND: The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, is one of the major pests in citrus production because it transmits huanglongbing, a devastating disease of citrus plants. Odourant-binding proteins (OBPs) play an important role in the olfactory perception of insects. Revealing the function of DcitOBPs is beneficial to the development of new ACP management strategies. RESULTS: An analysis of the components of volatiles from the new shoots of six host plant species showed that ß-caryophyllene was the characteristic volatile compound in flushing shoots and the most abundant volatile compound in three of the six tested ACP host plant species. The tissue expression profiles of nine known DcitOBPs were analyzed based on a transcriptome database, and DcitOBP3 and DcitOBP6 exhibited high expression in the antennae of both sexes and the ovipositor of females. The binding ability of two recombinant proteins with eight ligands was studied through competitive binding analysis; the results showed that DcitOBP6 exhibited stronger binding to ß-caryophyllene. Behavioural trials indicated that sexually mature female adults of D. citri were significantly attracted to ß-caryophyllene at concentrations of 0.1 µL mL-1 and 10 µL mL-1 . RNAi analysis in female D. citri showed that the reduction of DcitOBP6 transcript abundance led to a decrease in antennae EAG activity and behavioural responses to ß-caryophyllene. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that DcitOBP6 is involved in the perception of an important host plant volatile, ß-caryophyllene, in the ACP, and provide a theoretical foundation for behavioural interference in ACP management.

Synthesis of 2,5-diaryloxazoles through rhodium-catalyzed annulation of triazoles and aldehydes.

An efficient synthesis of a variety of 2,5-diaryloxazole derivatives via a rhodium-catalyzed annulation of triazoles and aldehydes is achieved. Various oxazole derivatives could be obtained in good to excellent yields. A concise synthesis of antimycobaterial natural products balsoxin and texamine has been achieved using this method.

The expression and function of opsin genes related to the phototactic behavior of Asian citrus psyllid.

BACKGROUND: The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a prominent pest of citrus because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus associated with huanglongbing. Phototactic behavior ubiquitously exists in insects and plays essential roles in host-searching and mate-searching in ACP. However, its mechanism has remained unclear to date. In this paper, molecular assays were performed to understand the relation between opsins and the phototactic behavior of ACP. RESULTS: We cloned five opsin genes and analyzed their expression patterns. The main three opsin genes (Dc-UV, Dc-BW and Dc-LW) displayed high expression levels in daytime, and the expression levels of the other two opsin genes (Dc-UV-like and Dc-arthropsin) increased during nighttime. In constant darkness, the expression patterns and levels of opsin genes of ACP were altered. Under starvation, the expression levels of the main three opsins were reduced (53.89-84.10%). In contrast, the expression levels in females increased (27.55-60.58%). Feeding of double-stranded RNA (Dc-UV, Dc-LW or Dc-BW) have reduced the phototactic efficiency of ACP to ultraviolet light (44.79%), green light (54.81%) and blue light (43.00%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the expression levels and patterns of opsins of ACP were influenced by photoperiod and the physiological status of ACP. Our research indicates that opsins play crucial roles in phototactic behavior in ACP. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.