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Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have shown great potential in enhancing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal. However, electroactive biofilms (EBs) constructed with single potentials struggle due to limited biocatalytic activity, hindering deep SMX degradation. Here, we constructed a double-working potential BES (BES-D) to investigate its ability to eliminate SMX and reduce the levels of corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The preferable electrochemical activity of EB in BES-D was confirmed by electrochemical characterization, EPS analysis, physical structure, viability of the biofilm, and cytochrome content. BES-D exhibited a notably greater SMX removal efficiency (94.2 %) than did the single-working potential BES (BES-S) and the open-circuit group (OC). Degradation pathway analysis revealed that the cooperative EB could accelerate the in-depth removal of SMX. Moreover, EB interaction in BES-D decreased the relative abundance of ARGs in biofilms compared to that in BES-S, although the absolute number of ARG copies increased in BES-D effluents. Compared to those in BES-S and OC, more complex cross-niche microbial associations in the EB of BES-D were observed by network analysis of the bacterial community and ARG hosts, enhancing the degradation efficiency of SMX. In conclusion, BES-D has significant potential for SMX removal and the enhancement of EB activity. Nonetheless, the risk of ARG dissemination in effluent remains a concern.
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Biopelículas , Sulfametoxazol , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Genes BacterianosRESUMEN
Intracellular pH (pHi) is very essential for the function of cells and organisms. Thus, it is of great scientific and technical significance to develop nanosensors for probing pHi. In this work, nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots (N-GOQDs) with fluorescent efficiency of 54% are prepared. The fluorescent spectrum excited at 340 nm contains two remarkable bands at 430 and 520 nm. Interestingly, when pH value increases from 3.6 to 10.5, the blue band at 430 nm slightly changes, while the green band at 520 nm significantly quenches. The change of fluorescent intensities also can be reflected by the variation of fluorescent color. The dual-emissive N-GOQDs are developed as ratiometric fluorescent probes for pHi, which can avoid the influence of several deviations, such as probe concentration, optical path length, and detector efficiency. As a proof of concept, pHi of Hela cells is monitored successfully. This work demonstrates the construction of nano-biosensors based on N-GOQDs with bright fluorescence, high-stability, and good biocompatibility.
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AIMS: Considering morphological heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and no objective prognostic grading system existing currently, we aim to establish an 'optimised architecture-based grading system' (OAGS) to predict prognosis for resected LUAD. METHODS: A multicentral study involving three independent cohorts of LUAD was conducted. Predictive ability of the OAGS for recurrence-free probability (RFP) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in training cohort (n=228) by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Harrell's concordance index (C-index) and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, which was validated in testing (n=135) and validation (n=226) cohorts. RESULTS: The OAGS consists of: grade 1 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with no or less than 5% of high-grade patterns (cribriform, solid and or micropapillary), grade 2 for lepidic, papillary or acinar predominant tumour with 5% or more of high-grade patterns, and grade 3 for cribriform, solid or micropapillary predominant tumour. In all stages, the OAGS outperformed the pattern-dominant grading system and IASLC grading system for predicting RFP (C-index, 0.649; AUC, 0.742) and OS (C-index, 0.685; AUC, 0.754). Multivariate analysis identified it as an independent predictor of both (RFP, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001). Furthermore, in pT1-2aN0M0 subgroup, the OAGS maintained its ability to predict recurrence (C-index, 0.699; AUC, 0.769) and stratified patients into different risk groups of RFP (p<0.001). These results were confirmed in testing and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The OAGS is an independent prognostic factor and shows a robust ability to predict prognosis for resected LUAD.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The use of virtual simulation methods in nursing education offers potential advantages for students to experience and learn in a safe and realistic environment by acquiring skills and attitudes to prepare for clinical experiences. OBJECTIVE: The study's aim was to test the hypothesis that nursing students who used a mobile learning app would have significantly (1) higher levels of knowledge about medication administration and nasotracheal suctioning, (2) better development of skill performances on medication administration and nasotracheal suctioning, (3) higher satisfaction, and (4) lower cognitive load than a control group. DESIGN: A randomized experimental study with pretest and posttest design. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: One hundred nursing students were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group at a Southern Taiwan university's school of nursing. METHODS: The experimental group received the virtual simulation-based mobile learning app and the control group used traditional paper materials. Participants were assessed on knowledge before and after the intervention. Skill performance and intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load were measured after the intervention. RESULTS: The experimental group who used the mobile app had significantly higher knowledge scores, significantly lower intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load, better skill performance, and higher satisfaction than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a mobile app for simulation learning had a positive impact on nursing students' knowledge and skill performances as well as the reduction of learning cognitive loading. Nurse educators and researchers should collaborate in developing virtual learning resources to support clinical nursing education. Tweetable abstract: The mobile app for learning achieved higher knowledge and satisfaction scores, demonstrated better skill performance without increasing cognitive load.
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Bachillerato en Enfermería , Aplicaciones Móviles , Estudiantes de Enfermería , Competencia Clínica , Cognición , Humanos , Taiwán , TecnologíaRESUMEN
Efficient cathode-ray scintillating metal-organic frameworks are constructed from a π-conjugated luminescent motif and light Ca(ii) ions. The luminescence self-quenching pathway has been effectively hindered through coordination. In situ vacuum ultraviolet fluorescent spectra have shown the excitons recombining in the scintillation process for the first time.
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A solvothermal reaction of Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O and 5-mercapto-1-methyl-tetrazole (Hmmtz) in methanol (MeOH) yielded a one-dimensional solvent-free energetic coordination polymer, namely, [Co(mmtz)2] n 1, which was structurally characterized. The enthalpy of formation (Δf H°) of 1 (907 kJ mol-1) is much larger than that of commercial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (-59 kJ mol-1). The impact sensitivity and the friction sensitivity are greater than 40 J and 360 N, respectively, indicating that compound 1 exhibits a potential application as a safe explosive. Temperature-dependent molar magnetic susceptibilities show that weak antiferromagnetic behavior exists in 1.
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AIM: To understand the molecular mechanism of esophageal cancer development and provide molecular markers for screening high-risk populations and early diagnosis. METHODS: Two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry were adopted to screen differentially expressed proteins in nine cases of fetal esophageal epithelium, eight cases of esophageal cancer, and eight cases of tumor-adjacent normal esophageal epithelium collected from fetuses of different gestational age, or esophageal cancer patients from a high-risk area of esophageal cancer in China. Immunohistochemistry (avidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase complex method) was used to detect the expression of peroxiredoxin (PRX)6 in 91 cases of esophageal cancer, tumor-adjacent normal esophageal tissue, basal cell hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ, as well as 65 cases of esophageal epithelium from fetuses at a gestational age of 3-9 mo. RESULTS: After peptide mass fingerprint analysis and search of protein databases, 21 differential proteins were identified; some of which represent a protein isoform. Varying degrees of expression of PRX6 protein, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm, were detected in adult and fetal normal esophageal tissues, precancerous lesions, and esophageal cancer. With the progression of esophageal lesions, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend (P < 0.05). In fetal epithelium from fetuses at gestational age 3-6 mo, PRX6 protein expression showed a declining trend with age (P < 0.05). PRX6 protein expression was significantly higher in well-differentiated esophageal cancer tissues than in poorly differentiated esophageal cancer tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Development and progression of esophageal cancer result from interactions of genetic changes (accumulation or superposition). PRX6 protein is associated with fetal esophageal development and cancer differentiation.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Epitelio/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Esófago/metabolismo , Peroxiredoxina VI/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Epitelio/embriología , Esófago/embriología , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptidos/química , ProteómicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The role of p16INK4a as a surrogate marker for screening human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains controversial. METHODS: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Biology Medicine was performed from inception to December 27, 2015. A random-effects model was applied to the pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Ten studies were identified (985 cases). The pooled results showed no significant relationship between p16INK4a expression and HPV infection in ESCC based on overall HPV types (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 0.69-4.66, p = 0.235). Subgroup analysis by HPV detection method showed no statistical significance in either the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 0.83-3.30, p = 0.154) or in situ hybridization (ISH) group (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.03-268.14, p = 0.689). The pooled OR of the sensitivity analysis ranged from 1.27 (95% CI: 0.58-2.84) to 2.32 (95% CI: 0.95-5.64). Of these studies, 6 involved only high-risk human papillomavirus types (HR-HPV), HPV16 or HPV18. However, similar observations were made for HR-HPV (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.26-6.59, p = 0.741). Subgroup analysis again showed no statistical significance in the PCR group (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.25-3.64, p = 0.940) and ISH group (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 0.03-268.14, p = 0.689). Sensitivity analysis showed that the pooled OR ranged from 0.69 (95% CI: 0.21-2.22) to 1.89 (95% CI: 0.33-10.86). CONCLUSIONS: p16INK4a is not a reliable screening marker of HPV infection in ESCC. Further multicenter, large-sample and well-matched prospective studies are still required to illuminate the possible etiological roles of HPV in ESCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/biosíntesis , Neoplasias Esofágicas/virología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Inhibidor p16 de la Quinasa Dependiente de Ciclina/genética , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago , Humanos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Postconditioning with sevoflurane has been shown to protect against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) play roles in the neuroprotection of postconditioning with sevoflurane. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to MCAO for 90 minutes and then treated with sevoflurane at the beginning of reperfusion. The infarct volume, neurological deficit score, and brain edema were evaluated at 24 hours. Apoptosis were studied by TUNEL. The neuroprotective effect with or without 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a selective mitoKATP channel blocker or atractyloside (ATR), and an mPTP opener were analyzed. RESULTS: Postconditioning with sevoflurane significantly decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, and brain edema and also reduced apoptotic cells. 5-HD and ATR abolished the neuroprotective effect, respectively. 5-HD or ATR alone had no effect on ischemia and reperfusion injury. DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that mitoKATP and mPTP play crucial roles in the neuroprotection of postconditioning with sevoflurane.
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Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Éteres Metílicos/farmacología , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Canales de Potasio/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Edema Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema Encefálico/patología , Edema Encefálico/fisiopatología , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media , Masculino , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/fisiología , Poro de Transición de la Permeabilidad Mitocondrial , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Daño por Reperfusión/fisiopatología , SevofluranoRESUMEN
To assess the contribution of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)ß +252 polymorphisms to risk and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we enrolled 150 pairs of sex- and age-matched patients with HCC, patients with cirrhosis alone, and unrelated healthy controls. TNFß +252 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multivariate analysis indicated that TNFß G/G genotype [odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95%CI, 1.49-8.91], hepatitis B surface antigen (OR, 16.38; 95%CI, 8.30-32.33), and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) (OR, 39.11; 95%CI, 14.83-103.14) were independent risk factors for HCC. There was an additive interaction between TNFß G/G genotype and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HCV infection (synergy index=1.15). Multivariate analysis indicated that factors associated with TNFß G/G genotype included cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (OR, 4.06; 95%CI, 1.34-12.29), thrombocytopenia (OR, 6.55; 95%CI, 1.46-29.43), and higher serum α-fetoprotein concentration (OR, 2.53; 95%CI, 1.14-5.62). Patients with TNFß G/G genotype had poor cumulative survival (p=0.005). Cox proportional hazard model indicated that TNFß G/G genotype was a biomarker for poor HCC survival (hazard ratio, 1.70; 95%CI, 1.07-2.69). In conclusion, there are independent and additive effects between TNFß G/G genotype and chronic HBV/HCV infection on risk for HCC. It is a biomarker for poor HCC survival. Carriage of this genotype correlates with disease severity and advanced hepatic fibrosis, which may contribute to a higher risk and poor survival of HCC. Chronic HBV/HCV infected subjects with this genotype should receive more intensive surveillance for early detection of HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Hepatitis B Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Linfotoxina-alfa/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Hepacivirus/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/inmunología , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis B Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/inmunología , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Trombocitopenia/etiología , Trombocitopenia/genética , alfa-FetoproteínasRESUMEN
Ag(2)O particles with different polyhedral shapes including octahedron, truncated octahedron, and cube were successfully synthesized by a simple wet-chemical method using silver nitrate, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide as raw materials at room temperature. Simply by tuning the concentration of starting materials, the shape of Ag(2)O particles evolved from octahedron to cube, and the size gradually decreased from 1-2 microm to 400-700 nm. As examples for promising applications, the antibacterial activities of the as-prepared Ag(2)O polyhedral particles were preliminarily studied. It has been found the antibacterial activity of Ag(2)O particles against E. coli depends on the shape of Ag(2)O particles, demonstrating that the surface structure of Ag(2)O particles affects the antibacterial activity.
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Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/farmacología , Compuestos de Plata/química , Compuestos de Plata/farmacología , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Óxidos/síntesis química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Compuestos de Plata/síntesis química , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Controlled assembly of Zn(II) with a versatile ligand 5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (Hptt) in conventional or solvothermal condition affords two distinct coordination frameworks, in which the former shows a unique 3-D pseudo-polyrotaxane architecture with 1-D water tapes penetrating the 2-D Zn-ptt layers, whereas the later is generated from in situ S-S coupling of Hptt and has a very rare 2-fold interpenetrating LiGe (lig) topology.