The complete plastome of a cultivar of Lannea coromandelica.

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is a deciduous tree in the family Anacardiaceae, which grows in lowland and hill forests; 100-1800 m. SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, S Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka; cultivated elsewhere in continental SE Asia, such as in Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, where it is probably naturalized]. The length of the complete plastome is 162,460 bp, including 130 genes consisting of 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. The assembled plastome has the typical structure and gene content of angiosperms plastome, which includes two inverted repeats (IRs) regions of 26,877 bp, a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,599 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,107 bp. The total G/C content in the plastome of L. coromandelica is 37.7%. The complete plastome sequence of L. coromandelica will provide contributions to the conservation genetics of this species as well as to phylogenetic studies in Anacardiaceae.

Effects of miR­590 on oxLDL­induced endothelial cell apoptosis: Roles of p53 and NF­κB.

Oxidized low­density lipoprotein (oxLDL)­induced endothelial cell apoptosis is considered to be important in atherogenesis. MicroRNA (miR)­590 has been reported to inhibit oxLDL­induced endothelial cell apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of oxLDL­induced endothelial cell apoptosis by miR­590 remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression levels of miR­590 were quantified using reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Cell apoptosis was investigated using Hoechst staining and flow cytometry, and cell viability was measured using an MTS method. The protein expression levels of p53, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl­2), Bcl­2­associated X protein (Bax), caspase­3, lectin­like low­density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX­1), p38 mitogen­activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)­κB were quantified using western blot analyses. The results of the present study showed that oxLDL treatment inhibited the expression levels of miR­590 in a time­dependent and concentration­dependent manner. The overexpression of miR­590 inhibited oxLDL­induced endothelial cell apoptosis, expression of p53 and Bax, reduction of Bcl­2 and activation of caspase­3. miR­590 also inhibited the oxLDL­induced upregulation of the expression of LOX­1, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphoryation of p38MAPK and translocation of NF­κB. These findings demonstrated the anti­apoptotic effects of miR­590 in oxLDL­treated endothelial cells, with the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR­590 involved, in part, in the LOX­1­ROS­p38MAPK­NF­κB signaling cascade and the p53­Bcl­2/Bax­caspase­3 signaling pathway. The present study may provide novel insights into the protective properties of miR­590 in preventing atherosclerosis.

[Routing reseach of vas deferens on anatomy and clinical application].

OBJECTIVE: Studying on the routes of vas deferens to provide anatomy basis for surgical operation, especially, reconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens. METHODS: The routes of vas deferens were observed and anatomic distances along epididymal, infrainguinal, inguinal, retroperitoneal and ampullar segments of vas deferens, the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens were measured respectively in 18 formalin fixed adult cadavers. RESULTS: The vas deferens have a large curve from external ring to extremity in its route, draw it out from the external ring. Eliminating this curve will allow to shorten this segment of vas deferens for vasovasostomy by 6.1 - 12.9 (9.31 +/- 1.30) cm. The length of each segment of vas deferens, respectively, is epididymal: 3.2 - 5.6 (4.53 +/- 0.79) cm, infrainguinal: 4.5 - 9.5 (7.31 +/- 1.78) cm, inguinal: 4.4 - 7.5 (5.52 +/- 0.74) cm, retroperitoneal: 12.5 - 19.5 (16.75 +/- 1.87) cm and ampullar: 2.9 - 3.8 (3.63 +/- 0.23) cm. There was no significant differences in segment length and the distances from external ring to extremity of vas deferens between the right and left. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of long segment loss of vas deferens can be performed by mobilization retroperitoneal vas deferens and draw it out from external ring. There were no significant differences in lengths of vas deferens and the distances from external ring to vassal extremity between the left and right in adults. The surgical operations of vas deferens are closely related each segment of vasa.