Red and near-infrared light-activated photoelectrochemical nanobiosensors for biomedical target detection.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) nanobiosensors integrate molecular (bio)recognition elements with semiconductor/plasmonic photoactive nanomaterials to produce measurable signals after light-induced reactions. Recent advancements in PEC nanobiosensors, using light-matter interactions, have significantly improved sensitivity, specificity, and signal-to-noise ratio in detecting (bio)analytes. Tunable nanomaterials activated by a wide spectral radiation window coupled to electrochemical transduction platforms have further improved detection by stabilizing and amplifying electrical signals. This work reviews PEC biosensors based on nanomaterials like metal oxides, carbon nitrides, quantum dots, and transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), showing their superior optoelectronic properties and analytical performance for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers. Furthermore, it highlights the innovative role of red light and NIR-activated PEC nanobiosensors in enhancing charge transfer processes, protecting them from biomolecule photodamage in vitro and in vivo applications. Overall, advances in PEC detection systems have the potential to revolutionize rapid and accurate measurements in clinical diagnostic applications. Their integration into miniaturized devices also supports the development of portable, easy-to-use diagnostic tools, facilitating point-of-care (POC) testing solutions and real-time monitoring.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lipid Evaluation in Gingiva Tissue Stored in TRIzol via Shotgun Lipidomics and MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevalent type of oral cavity cancer, requiring precise, accurate, and affordable diagnosis to identify the disease in early stages, Comprehending the differences in lipid profiles between healthy and cancerous tissues encompasses great relevance in identifying biomarker candidates and enhancing the odds of successful cancer treatment. Therefore, the present study evaluates the analytical performance of simultaneous mRNA and lipid extraction in gingiva tissue from healthy patients and patients diagnosed with OSCC preserved in TRIzol reagent. The data was analyzed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and confirmed via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). The lipid extraction in TRIzol solution was linear in a range from 330 to 2000 ng mL-1, r2 > 0.99, intra and interday precision and accuracy <15%, and absolute recovery values ranging from 90 to 110%. The most important lipids for tumor classification were evaluated by MALDI-MSI, revealing that the lipids responsible for distinguishing the OSCC group are more prevalent in the cancerous tissue in contrast to the healthy group. The results exhibit the possibilities to do transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses in the same sample and point out important candidates related to the presence of OSCC.

Estudio de estabilidad acelerado del diagnosticador HemoCen Aerobio / Accelerated stability study of the HemoCen Aerobic diagnostician

La bacteriemia es una complicación grave de las infecciones bacterianas. Un diagnóstico temprano del microorganismo responsable permite aplicar tratamientos efectivos en menor intervalo de tiempo. Los hemocultivos son diagnosticadores clínicos diseñado para este fin. Objetivo: Realizar un estudio de estabilidad acelerado de un lote del hemocultivo HemoCen Aerobio que permita planificar su diseño en estante en condiciones reales. Métodos: Se formuló un lote del hemocultivo HemoCen Aerobio en el Centro Nacional de Biopreparados, BioCen y se envasó asépticamente en los Laboratorios Biológicos Farmacéuticos, LABIOFAM. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de estabilidad acelerado por el Método de Arrenhius. Los frascos se conservaron durante 120 días a 15 °C, 30 °C y 50 °C. Se realizaron evaluaciones físico-químicas, organolépticas y capacidad de promoción de crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 a los 7, 15, 30, 60 y 120 días. Resultados: El estudio de estabilidad demostró que el pH y el color del medio se deterioran progresivamente en el tiempo cuando las temperaturas aumentan entre 30 °C y 50 °C. La promoción de crecimiento de Staphylococcus aureus resultó favorable con índices de recuperación entre 20 y 40 UFC·frasco-1. Discusión: HemoCen Aerobio resulta funcional con un desempeño analítico satisfactorio, cuyos índices de recuperación microbiana se encuentran acorde a los valores reportados en bacteriemias de escasa magnitud. Estos resultados sientan las bases para planificar un estudio de estabilidad en estante en condiciones reales. Conclusión: Se estima un período de validez de 2 años(AU)

Bacteremia is a serious complication of bacterial infections. Early diagnosis of the causative organism allows applying appropriate treatments in a shorter time interval. Hemocultures are clinical diagnosticians designed for this purpose. Objective: Perform an accelerated stability study of a batch of HemoCen Aerobic hemoculture that allows planning its shelf designed in true conditions. Methods: A batch of HemoCen Aerobic hemoculture was formulated at the National Bioproducts Center, BioCen, and aseptically packaged at the Biological Pharmaceutical Laboratories, LABIOFAM. An accelerated stability study was carried out by the Arrenhius Method. The bottles were stored for 120 days at 15 °C, 30 °C and 50 °C. Physicochemical, organoleptic and growth promotion capacity evaluations of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were realized at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days. Results: The stability study demonstrated that the pH and the color of the medium progressively deteriorate over time as temperatures increase between 30 °C and 50 °C. Growth promotion of Staphylococcus aureus was favorable with recovery rates between 20 and 40 CFU bottle-1. Discussion: HemoCen Aerobic is functional with a satisfactory analytical performance, which recovery rates are consistent with the values reported in bacteremia of low magnitude. These results provide the basis for planning a shelf stability study under real conditions. Conclusion: A durability period of 2 years was estimated(AU)

Analytical Performance of Four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real Time PCR (qPCR) Assays for the Detection of Six Leishmania Species DNA in Colombia.

Leishmaniasis comprises a spectrum of parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Molecular tools have been widely employed for the detection of Leishmania due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the analytical performance of molecular platforms as PCR and real time PCR (qPCR) including a wide variety of molecular markers has never been evaluated. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the analytical performance of 4 PCR-based assays (designed on four different targets) and applied on conventional and real-time PCR platforms. We evaluated the analytical performance of conventional PCR and real time PCR, determining exclusivity and inclusivity, Anticipated Reportable Range (ARR), limit of detection (LoD) and accuracy using primers directed to kDNA, HSP70, 18S and ITS-1 targets. We observed that the kDNA was the most sensitive but does not meet the criterion of exclusivity. The HSP70 presented a higher LoD in conventional PCR and qPCR in comparison with the other markers (1 × 101 and 1 × 10-1 equivalent parasites/mL respectively) and had a higher coefficient of variation in qPCR. No statistically significant differences were found between the days of the test with the four molecular markers. The present study revealed that the 18S marker presented the best performance in terms of analytical sensitivity and specificity for the qPCR in the species tested (species circulating in Colombia). Therefore, we recommend to explore the analytical and diagnostic performance in future studies using a broader number of species across America.

Especificaciones de calidad en base a error total: ¿Cuál es la mejor elección? / Quality specifications based on total error: What's the best choice? / Especificações de qualidade com base em erro total: Qual é a melhor escolha?

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño anual de los métodos, en términos de error total (ET), las distintas especificaciones de calidad disponibles y el modelo Seis Sigma para calificar desempeño. Se evaluaron analitos con variabilidad biológica (VB), muy baja, baja, media y alta. Se calculó el ET (ETc) y el sigma (s) mensual a dos niveles de control; el ET permitido (ETp) para cada analito se obtuvo de 8 fuentes (metas biológicas y regulatorias). Se consideró desempeño aceptable cuando ETc

The aim of this work was to evaluate the annual performance of the methods in terms of total error (TE), the different quality specifications available, and the Six Sigma model to qualify performance. Analytes with very low, low, medium and high biological variability (BV) were evaluated. TE (TEc) and sigma (s) were calculated monthly at two levels of control; allowable TE (TEa) for each analyte was obtained from 8 sources (biological and regulatory goals). Acceptable performance was considered when TEc

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho anual dos métodos em termos de erro total (ET), as diferentes especificações de qualidade disponíveis e o modelo Seis Sigma para qualificar desempenho. Foram avaliados analitos com variabilidade biológica (VB) muito baixa, baixa, média e alta. Calculou-se ET (ETc) e o sigma (s) mensal a dois níveis de controle; o ET permitido (ETp) para cada analito foi obtido de 8 fontes (metas biológicas e regulatórias). Levou-se em consideração o desempenho aceitável quando ETc < ETp e s≥3. Foi observada a estabilidade analítica durante o período de avaliação. Não foram alcançadas as metas biológicas para analitos com VB muito baixa, algo semelhante aconteceu para analitos com VB baixa e média; com VB alta alcançaram todas as especificações. O desempenho s e a regra de controle de Westgard dependeram do ETp escolhido; para magnésio, com CLIA (ETp=25%) se obteve s >10 (World Class) e simples regra (13s), com VB mínima s <3 e multirregra. Conclui-se que a aceitação do desemperno do método e as regras de controle dependeram do ETp escolhido, sem disporem nesse meio de metas mínimas a alcançar. O monitoramento mensal do ETc mostrou a estabilidade analítica com variabilidade típica de cada método.

Evaluación del desempeño analítico de tres métodos de cuantificación de hemoglobina A1c / Analytical performance evaluation of three methods for hemoglobin A1c quantification / Avaliação do desempenho analítico do três métodos de quantificação de hemoglobina A1c

El laboratorio debe garantizar la exactitud de los resultados de HbA1c cumpliendo con los requisitos analíticos internacionales de calidad, cada vez más estrictos y asegurar que una variación de HbA1c de 0,5 puntos porcentuales (%-NGSP) o más entre dos controles consecutivos de un paciente diabético se deba a una variación clínica y no a una variación analítica. En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño analítico de tres métodos comerciales para HbA1c: inmunoturbidimétrico, enzimático y cromatográfico de intercambio catiónico. Para tal fin, se procesaron por cada método distintos controles comerciales de HbA1c, con trazabilidad al método de referencia IFCC, determinándose en cada caso Coeficiente de Variación Total, Bias, Error Total, Valor de Referencia del Cambio y cambio clínico significativo de HbA1c en el punto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. En las condiciones analíticas de este trabajo, solamente el método inmunoturbidimétrico tuvo un desempeño analítico aceptable, permitiendo atribuir un cambio de 0,5%-NGSP a una variación clínica significativa del paciente. Frente a las recomendaciones internacionales sobre el uso de HbA1c en el control y diagnóstico de diabetes, es indiscutible la importancia de elegir un método que satisfaga los requerimientos analíticos mínimos de calidad para asegurar la utilidad clínica del resultado de HbA1c.

The laboratory must guarantee the accuracy of HbA1c results meeting the increasingly strict international analytical quality standards and assuring that an HbA1c variation of 0.5 percentage points (%-NGSP) or more between two consecutive controls of a diabetic patient is due to a clinical variation and not to an analytical variation. In this paper, the analytical performance of three commercial methods for HbA1c: Immunoturbidimetric, Chromatographic and Enzymatic Cation Exchange, were evaluated. For this purpose, commercial controls with assigned values traceable to the IFCC reference method for HbA1c were processed. For each methodology, total Coefficient of Variation (CV%), Bias%, Total Error (TE%), Change Reference Value and Clinically Significant Change (CSC) at the critical point of HbA1c 7.0%-NGSP were determined. Within the analytical conditions of this study, only the immunoturbidimetric method had an acceptable analytical performance, allowing attribute a change in 0.5%-NGSP to a significant clinical variation. Faced with international recommendations on the use of HbA1c on control and diagnosis of diabetes, the importance of choosing a method that meets the minimum analytical quality requirements to ensure the clinical utility of HbA1c result is undeniable.

O laboratório deve garantir a precisão dos resultados da HbA1c cumprindo com os requisitos analíticos internacionais de qualidade cada vez mais exigentes e garantir que uma variação de HbA1c de 0,5 pontos percentuais (% - NGSP) ou mais entre duas verificações consecutivas de um doente diabético seja devido a uma variação clínica e não a uma variação analítica. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho analítico de três métodos comerciais para HbA1c: imunoturbidimétrico, enzimático e cromatográfico de intercâmbio catiônico. Para esse fim, foram processados diversos controles comerciais de HbA1c por cada método, com rastreabilidade ao método de referência IFCC, determinando em cada caso Quociente de Variação Total, Bias, Erro Total, Valor de Referência da Alteração e Alteração Clinicamente Significativa de HbA1c no ponto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. Nas condições de análise deste estudo, apenas o método imunoturbidimétrico teve um desempenho analítico aceitável, permitindo atribuir uma alteração de 0,5%-NGSP a uma variação clínica significativa do paciente. Perante as recomendações internacionais sobre o uso da HbA1c no controle e diagnóstico da diabetes, é inegável a importância de escolher um método que atenda os requisitos analíticos mínimos de qualidade de análise para garantir a utilidade clínica do resultado HbA1c.

Evaluación del desempeño analítico de tres métodos de cuantificación de hemoglobina A1c / Analytical performance evaluation of three methods for hemoglobin A1c quantification / AvaliaþÒo do desempenho analítico do trÛs métodos de quantificaþÒo de hemoglobina A1c

El laboratorio debe garantizar la exactitud de los resultados de HbA1c cumpliendo con los requisitos analíticos internacionales de calidad, cada vez más estrictos y asegurar que una variación de HbA1c de 0,5 puntos porcentuales (%-NGSP) o más entre dos controles consecutivos de un paciente diabético se deba a una variación clínica y no a una variación analítica. En este trabajo se evaluó el desempeño analítico de tres métodos comerciales para HbA1c: inmunoturbidimétrico, enzimático y cromatográfico de intercambio catiónico. Para tal fin, se procesaron por cada método distintos controles comerciales de HbA1c, con trazabilidad al método de referencia IFCC, determinándose en cada caso Coeficiente de Variación Total, Bias, Error Total, Valor de Referencia del Cambio y cambio clínico significativo de HbA1c en el punto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. En las condiciones analíticas de este trabajo, solamente el método inmunoturbidimétrico tuvo un desempeño analítico aceptable, permitiendo atribuir un cambio de 0,5%-NGSP a una variación clínica significativa del paciente. Frente a las recomendaciones internacionales sobre el uso de HbA1c en el control y diagnóstico de diabetes, es indiscutible la importancia de elegir un método que satisfaga los requerimientos analíticos mínimos de calidad para asegurar la utilidad clínica del resultado de HbA1c.(AU)

The laboratory must guarantee the accuracy of HbA1c results meeting the increasingly strict international analytical quality standards and assuring that an HbA1c variation of 0.5 percentage points (%-NGSP) or more between two consecutive controls of a diabetic patient is due to a clinical variation and not to an analytical variation. In this paper, the analytical performance of three commercial methods for HbA1c: Immunoturbidimetric, Chromatographic and Enzymatic Cation Exchange, were evaluated. For this purpose, commercial controls with assigned values traceable to the IFCC reference method for HbA1c were processed. For each methodology, total Coefficient of Variation (CV%), Bias%, Total Error (TE%), Change Reference Value and Clinically Significant Change (CSC) at the critical point of HbA1c 7.0%-NGSP were determined. Within the analytical conditions of this study, only the immunoturbidimetric method had an acceptable analytical performance, allowing attribute a change in 0.5%-NGSP to a significant clinical variation. Faced with international recommendations on the use of HbA1c on control and diagnosis of diabetes, the importance of choosing a method that meets the minimum analytical quality requirements to ensure the clinical utility of HbA1c result is undeniable.(AU)

O laboratório deve garantir a precisÒo dos resultados da HbA1c cumprindo com os requisitos analíticos internacionais de qualidade cada vez mais exigentes e garantir que uma variaþÒo de HbA1c de 0,5 pontos percentuais (% - NGSP) ou mais entre duas verificaþ§es consecutivas de um doente diabético seja devido a uma variaþÒo clínica e nÒo a uma variaþÒo analítica. Neste trabalho foi avaliado o desempenho analítico de trÛs métodos comerciais para HbA1c: imunoturbidimétrico, enzimático e cromatográfico de intercÔmbio cati¶nico. Para esse fim, foram processados diversos controles comerciais de HbA1c por cada método, com rastreabilidade ao método de referÛncia IFCC, determinando em cada caso Quociente de VariaþÒo Total, Bias, Erro Total, Valor de ReferÛncia da AlteraþÒo e AlteraþÒo Clinicamente Significativa de HbA1c no ponto crítico 7,0%-NGSP. Nas condiþ§es de análise deste estudo, apenas o método imunoturbidimétrico teve um desempenho analítico aceitável, permitindo atribuir uma alteraþÒo de 0,5%-NGSP a uma variaþÒo clínica significativa do paciente. Perante as recomendaþ§es internacionais sobre o uso da HbA1c no controle e diagnóstico da diabetes, é inegável a importÔncia de escolher um método que atenda os requisitos analíticos mínimos de qualidade de análise para garantir a utilidade clínica do resultado HbA1c.(AU)

Avaliação do desempenho analítico do analisador hematológico Sysmex® XE-2100D / Performance evaluation of the Sysmex XE-2100D automated hematology analyzer

Introduction: The Sysmex® XE-2100D is a multiparameter hematology analyzer designed for hematology testing in samples with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Objectives: Considering the importance of this hematology analyzer for clinical and laboratory practice, the objective of this study was to evaluate its analytical performance, comparing the obtained results with quality specifications described in literature. Material and method: In the evaluation of analytical performance, according to recommendations of the document H26-A2 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), intra-run imprecision, inter-run imprecision, linearity, carryover, autosampler evaluation, clinical sensitivity of the atypical lymphocytes flag (n = 400 samples) were included, as well as the comparison between automated and manual leukocyte differential count (n = 400 samples), based on an adaptation of the document H20-A2 of CLSI. Results: Repeatability, reproducibility, linearity and carryover were satisfactory according to the manufacturer's specifications. The clinical sensitivity of the atypical lymphocytes flag showed efficiency, sensitivity and specificity of 92.5%, 65.2% and 94.1% respectively. The correlation coefficients between the automated and manual differential counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were 0.991, 0.99, 0.872, 0.974 and 0.557, respectively. Conclusions: The results were in accordance with quality specifications described in literature, indicating reliability in Sysmex® XE-2100D. This fact ensures certainty to both laboratory professionals and medical staff. We conclude that the Sysmex® XE-2100D showed excellent analytical performance, and is useful to provide reliable hematology data...

Introdução: O Sysmex® XE-2100D é um analisador hematológico multiparamétrico destinado à realização de testes hematológicos em sangue anticoagulado com ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA). Objetivos: Considerando a sua importância na prática clínica e laboratorial, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar seu desempenho analítico, comparando os resultados obtidos com especificações de qualidade descritas na literatura. Material e método: Na avaliação de desempenho analítico, conforme recomendações do documento H26-A2 do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), foram incluídos ensaios de verificação da imprecisão intraensaio ou repetitividade, imprecisão entre ensaios ou reprodutibilidade, linearidade, carryover (arraste), avaliação do mecanismo homogeneizador de amostras, sensibilidade clínica do alerta morfológico (flag) de linfócitos atípicos (n = 400 amostras) e a comparação entre a contagem diferencial de leucócitos automatizada e a manual (n = 400 amostras), baseada em uma adaptação do documento H20-A2 do CLSI. Resultados: Os ensaios de verificação da repetitividade, reprodutibilidade, linearidade, carryover (arraste) foram satisfatórios conforme especificações do fabricante. O ensaio de sensibilidade clínica do alerta morfológico (flag) de linfócitos atípicos mostrou eficiência, sensibilidade e especificidade de 92,5%; 65,2% e 94,1% respectivamente. Os coeficientes de correlação entre as contagens diferenciais automatizadas e manuais de neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos, eosinófilos e basófilos foram de 0,991; 0,99; 0,872; 0,974 e 0,557 respectivamente...

Desempeño analítico de los métodos de control de calidad de una solución concentrada para hemodiálisis / Analytical performance of the quality control methods in a concentrated solution for hemodialysis

Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño de los métodos de cuantificación de los iones sodio, potasio, cloruro, calcio y magnesio en una solución concentrada para hemodiálisis con bicarbonato. Métodos: los cinco métodos aparecen informados en la farmacopea británica. Para la verificación del desempeño, se utilizaron los parámetros, linealidad, exactitud y precisión. Se empleó el método de placebo enriquecido utilizando niveles de 60 a 140por ciento de la concentración nominal de cada ion. Resultados: los cinco métodos resultaron lineales en el intervalo de concentraciones evaluadas, fueron precisos y exactos, con coeficientes de variación global menor que 1,75 por ciento, y una recuperación entre 100 ± 3 por ciento. Conclusiones: los métodos de cuantificación de los iones presentes en la solución concentrada para hemodiálisis con bicarbonato, permiten obtener resultados fiables en las condiciones analíticas practicadas en esta investigación(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the analytical performance of the sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium ions quantification methods, in a concentrated solution with bicarbonate for hemodyalisis. Methods: the five analytical methods are reported on the official British pharmacopeia. The performance evaluation was made by verifying linearity, accuracy and precision. In all cases, the enriched placebo method was used, with concentration levels from 60 to 140 per cent of the standard concentration value of each ion. Results: the five methods showed linearity in the evaluated concentration range; they were accurate and precise with global variation coefficients lower than 1.75 per cent, and a recovery rate of 100 ± 3 per cent. Conclusions: the quantification methods for the ions present in concentrated solution with bicarbonate for hemodialysis, allows obtaining reliable results under the analytical conditions used in this research(AU)

Desempeño analítico de los métodos de control de calidad de una solución concentrada para hemodiálisis / Analytical performance of the quality control methods in a concentrated solution for hemodialysis

Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño de los métodos de cuantificación de los iones sodio, potasio, cloruro, calcio y magnesio en una solución concentrada para hemodiálisis con bicarbonato. Métodos: los cinco métodos aparecen informados en la farmacopea británica. Para la verificación del desempeño, se utilizaron los parámetros, linealidad, exactitud y precisión. Se empleó el método de placebo enriquecido utilizando niveles de 60 a 140 por ciento de la concentración nominal de cada ion. Resultados: los cinco métodos resultaron lineales en el intervalo de concentraciones evaluadas, fueron precisos y exactos, con coeficientes de variación global menor que 1,75 por ciento, y una recuperación entre 100 ± 3 por ciento. Conclusiones: los métodos de cuantificación de los iones presentes en la solución concentrada para hemodiálisis con bicarbonato, permiten obtener resultados fiables en las condiciones analíticas practicadas en esta investigación(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the analytical performance of the sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium ions quantification methods, in a concentrated solution with bicarbonate for hemodyalisis. Methods: the five analytical methods are reported on the official British pharmacopeia. The performance evaluation was made by verifying linearity, accuracy and precision. In all cases, the enriched placebo method was used, with concentration levels from 60 to 140 percent of the standard concentration value of each ion. Results: the five methods showed linearity in the evaluated concentration range; they were accurate and precise with global variation coefficients lower than 1.75 percent, and a recovery rate of 100 ± 3 percent. Conclusions: the quantification methods for the ions present in concentrated solution with bicarbonate for hemodialysis, allows obtaining reliable results under the analytical conditions used in this research(AU)