Fatores clínicos do bem-estar de mulheres em parturição: perspectivas deontológicas e da bioética principialista / Clinical factors of women in labor well-being: deontological and bioethical principlism perspectives / Factores clínicos del bienestar de la mujer en trabajo de parto: perspectivas deontológicas y de la bioética principialista

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores clínicos associados ao bem-estar das mulheres durante o trabalho de parto e parto à luz da bioética principialista e da deontologia. Método: estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 396 puérperas internadas em um hospital municipal do sudoeste da Bahia, e os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a maio de 2023, após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa. Os dados foram organizados no software Excel e analisados via SPSS v.25. a partir da regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: a maior parte da amostra apresentou bem-estar com assistência em saúde, mulheres que tiveram parto realizado por profissionais não médicos apresentaram mais chances de níveis de bem-estar "adequado". E mulheres que não tiveram a via de parto cesárea apresentaram aumento de chances de bem-estar. Conclusão: é necessário que os profissionais reflitam sobre suas ações, condicionando-as à humanização no parto, em observância aos princípios bioéticos.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical factors associated with women's well-being during labor and delivery in the light of bioethics principlism and deontology. Method: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted. It involved 396 postpartum women admitted to a municipal hospital in the southwest of Bahia. Data were collected from January to May 2023, after approval from the research ethics committee. The data were tabulated using Excel software and analyzed using SPSS v.25 through Multinomial Logistic Regression. Results: majority of the sample exhibited well-being with health care assistance. Women who underwent delivery performed by non-medical professionals showed higher chances of "adequate" levels of well-being. Additionally, women who did not undergo cesarean delivery showed increased chances of well-being. Conclusion: It is necessary for professionals to reflect on their actions, conditioning them to the humanization of childbirth, according to bioethical principles.

Objetivo: evaluar los factores clínicos asociados al bienestar de la mujer durante el trabajo de parto y parto a la luz de la bioética y la deontología principialista. Método: estudio transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Incluyó 396 puérperas ingresadas en un hospital municipal del suroeste de Bahía. Recolección de datos de enero a mayo de 2023, con aprobación del comité de ética en investigación. Los datos se tabularon en el software Excel y se analizaron mediante SPSS v.25. utilizando regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: la mayoría de las participantes de la muestra presentó bienestar con la atención para la salud; las que tuvieron partos realizados por profesionales no médicos tenían más probabilidades de tener niveles "adecuados" de bienestar; las que no tuvieron parto por cesárea tenían mayores probabilidades de tener bienestar. Conclusión: es necesario que los profesionales reflexionen sobre sus acciones y las adecuen para humanizar el parto, respetando los principios bioéticos.

Prevalência de nascimentos prematuros como desfechos de infecções pela COVID-19 na gestação / Prevalence of Preterm Birth as an Outcome of COVID-19 Infections during Pregnancy / Prevalencia de nacimientos prematuros producto de la infección por COVID-19 durante el embarazo

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de nascimento prematuro em gestantes infectadas pela Covid-19, comparar índices de prematuridade entre infectadas e não infectadas e elucidar fatores associados à prematuridade. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva, com coleta de dados por inquérito online, de abril a dezembro de 2022, com mulheres que estiveram gestantes durante a pandemia, com acesso à internet, idade superior a 18 anos e que preencheram o primeiro inquérito online. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: primeiro inquérito respondido por 304 gestantes/puérperas, e o segundo por 82 (27%), compondo a amostra final. O índice de prematuridade no primeiro inquérito foi de 7,2% (n=14), já no segundo, 8,5% (n=7). A infecção pela Covid-19 não foi associada à prematuridade. A prematuridade associou-se a baixo peso, à necessidade de internação em centros de terapia intensiva neonatal e internações após o nascimento. Conclusão: a infecção pela Covid-19 não influenciou no aumento de nascimentos prematuros.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of preterm birth in pregnant women infected with Covid-19, compare prematurity rates between infected and non-infected, and elucidate factors associated with prematurity. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted using online survey data collected from April to December 2022, involving women who were pregnant during the pandemic, had internet access, were over 18 years old, and completed the initial online survey. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: the initial survey was completed by 304 pregnant/postpartum women, and the follow-up survey by 82 (27%), comprising the final sample. The preterm birth rate in the initial survey was 7.2% (n=14), and in the follow-up survey, it was 8.5% (n=7). Covid-19 infection was not associated with prematurity. Prematurity was associated with low birth weight, the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission, and postnatal hospitalizations. Conclusion: Covid-19 infection did not influence an increase in preterm births.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de partos prematuros en gestantes infectadas por Covid-19, comparar las tasas de prematuridad entre gestantes infectadas y no infectadas y determinar los factores asociados a la prematuridad. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con recolección de datos mediante encuesta online, de abril a diciembre de 2022, con mujeres que estuvieron embarazadas durante la pandemia, con acceso a internet, mayores de 18 años y que completaron la primera encuesta online. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: la primera encuesta fue respondida por 304 gestantes/puérperas, y la segunda por 82 (27%), que conformaron la muestra final. La tasa de prematuridad en la primera encuesta fue del 7,2% (n=14), en la segunda, del 8,5% (n=7). La infección por Covid-19 no se asoció con la prematuridad. La prematuridad se asoció con bajo peso, necesidad de internación en centros de cuidados intensivos neonatales e internaciones después del nacimiento. Conclusión: La infección por Covid-19 no influyó en el aumento de nacimientos prematuros.

Desfechos obstétricos adversos durante a COVID-19: uma série de casos retrospectiva / Adverse obstetric outcomes during COVID-19: a retrospective case series / Resultados obstétricos adversos durante el COVID-19: serie de casos retrospectiva

Objetivo: analisar as características e os desfechos obstétricos adversos em gestantes/puérperas infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 em serviço de referência. Método: série de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes com Covid-19 em um hospital universitário em Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas no serviço de 2020 a 2021, coletados em abril de 2022, empregando-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados através do Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: incluídas 26 gestantes, em sua maioria brancas, que tiveram como principais desfechos obstétricos adversos a internação em UTI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dado reestratificado de semanas para dias para investigar o encurtamento da gestação, onde constatou-se média de 38,6 dias potenciais de gravidez perdidos dos 280 dias ideais, e ainda 15,4% evoluíram para óbito materno. Conclusão: o estudo proporcionou evidenciar a necessidade de vigilância e atenção às gestantes com foco nos principais desfechos adversos, podendo-se intervir em tempo oportuno para diminuir adversidades.

Objective: to analyze the characteristics and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnant/puerperal women infected by SARS-CoV-2 at a reference service. Method: a retrospective case series conducted among pregnant women with Covid-19 in a university hospital from Minas Gerais, Brazil, treated at the service from 2020 to 2021. The cases were collected in April 2022 employing descriptive statistics for data analysis in the Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results: a total of 26 pregnant women were included, mostly white-skinned, whose main adverse obstetric outcomes were admission to the ICU (43.5%), premature birth (34.6%) and data restratified from weeks to days to investigate shortening of pregnancy, where a mean of 38.6 potential days of pregnancy were lost out of the ideal 280 days, and 15.4% resulted in maternal death. Conclusion: the study provided evidence of the need for surveillance and care for pregnant women with a focus on the main adverse outcomes, enabling timely intervention to reduce adversities.

Objetivo: analizar las características y resultados obstétricos adversos en gestantes/puérperas infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 en un servicio de referencia. Método: serie de casos retrospectiva entre gestantes con Covid-19 en un hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, Brasil, atendidas en el servicio de 2020 a 2021. Los datos se recolectaron en abril de 2022, se utilizó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos mediante el Statistical Package for the Social Science. Resultados: se incluyeron 26 gestantes, la mayoría de raza blanca, cuyos principales resultados obstétricos adversos fueron ingreso a UCI (43,5%), parto prematuro (34,6%), dato reestratificado de semanas a días para investigar el acortamiento de la gestación, que arrojó como resultado un promedio de 38,6. Se comprobó que se perdieron en promedio 38,6 días potenciales de embarazo de los 280 días ideales, y muerte materna (15,4%). Conclusión: la evidencia que proporcionó el estudio indica que es necesario vigilar y atender a las gestantes enfocándose en los principales resultados adversos, lo que permite intervenir de forma oportuna para reducir adversidades.

Prevalence and determinants of home delivery among pregnant women in Somaliland: Insights from SLDHS 2020 data.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the determinants of home deliveries among women in Somaliland, with the objective of informing targeted interventions to improve maternal and child health outcomes. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing data from a nationally representative sample of 3250 women in Somaliland. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors influencing the likelihood of home delivery. SITE: The study was conducted in Somaliland, a region where home delivery remains prevalent. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 3250 women of reproductive age in Somaliland who had given birth. INTERVENTIONS: No specific interventions were administered as part of this study. The focus was on understanding the factors associated with home deliveries. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Sociodemographic, economic, and regional factors were examined as potential determinants of home deliveries. Education levels of women and their husbands, maternal age at first marriage and first birth, and household wealth were among the main measurements analyzed. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that higher education levels were associated with a decreased likelihood of home delivery. Women with secondary (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32-0.55) or higher (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.12-0.37) education were less likely to deliver at home than those with no education. Similarly, women whose husbands had a secondary (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41-0.73) or higher (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.28-0.66) education were less likely to deliver at home. Increased maternal age at first marriage (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06) and first birth (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05) were significant predictors of home delivery. Lower household wealth was also associated with a higher likelihood of home delivery. Significant regional variations were observed, with certain regions showing higher rates of home deliveries compared to others. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to address sociodemographic and regional disparities in the utilization of institutional delivery services in Somaliland. Strategies should focus on improving access to and quality of maternal healthcare services, empowering women's decision-making, and engaging men to address gender norms within households.

Misoprostol oral u oxitocina intramuscular en la tercera fase del parto

Objetivo: Comparar la efectividad del misoprostol oral vs. oxitocina intramuscular en el manejo de la tercera fase del parto. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes embarazadas tratadas con misoprostol oral (grupo A) u oxitocina intramuscular (grupo B) para el manejo de la tercera fase del parto. Se analizaron las características generales, valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito, perdida hemática post-parto y efectos adversos. Resultados: Los datos se obtuvieron en 191 en el grupo A y 197 en el grupo B. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las características generales. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores promedio de hemoglobina - hematocrito post-parto, duración de la tercera fase del parto y perdidas sanguíneas entre los grupos, así como en el uso de uterotónicos adicionales y necesidad de hemoderivados. Las pacientes del grupo A presentaron mayor frecuencia de escalofríos, diarrea, náuseas y fiebre comparado con el grupo B (p < 0,05). Conclusión: El misoprostol oral es igual de efectivo que la oxitocina intramuscular cuando se usa como agente farmacológico para el manejo de la tercera fase del parto. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of oral misoprostol vs. intramuscular oxytocin in the management of the third stage of labor. Methodology: A case-control study was carried out in pregnant patients treated with oral misoprostol (group A) or intramuscular oxytocin (group B) for the management of the third stage of labor. General characteristics, hemoglobin and hematocrit values, postpartum blood loss and adverse effects were analyzed. Results: The data were obtained in 191 in group A and 197 in group B. No significant differences were found between groups in general characteristics. There were also no significant differences in mean postpartum hemoglobin-hematocrit values, duration of the third stage of labor and blood loss between the groups, as well as in the use of additional uterotonics and the need for blood products. Patients in group A had a higher frequency of chills, diarrhea, nausea and fever compared to group B (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Oral misoprostol is as effective as intramuscular oxytocin when used as a pharmacological agent for the management of the third stage of labor. (provided by Infomedic International)

Atención de parto respetado en Venezuela: fundamentos legales / Respected Childbirth Care in Venezuela: Legal Foundations

El parto humanizado es un modelo de atención que considera el respeto a las opiniones y necesidades de las mujeres y sus familias, e incluye la atención durante el embarazo, parto, puerperio y, por supuesto, la atención del recién nacido. En Venezuela, existe legislación suficiente que respalda la atención del parto humanizado o respetado, sin embargo, la misma no es conocida por gran parte del personal de salud involucrado en la atención obstétrica. Es necesario que tal legislación se conozca ampliamente y se aplique. La presente revisión se realizó con la intención de revisar los fundamentos legales que respaldan la atención del parto respetado(AU)

Humanized childbirth is a model of care that considers respect for the opinions and needs of women and their families, and includes care during pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and, of course, newborn care. In Venezuela, there is sufficient legislation that supports humanized or respected childbirth care, however, it is not known by a large part of the health personnel involved in obstetric care. Such legislation needs to be widely known and implemented. This review was conducted with the intention of reviewing the legal foundations that support respected childbirth care(AU)

Volvamos al parto humanizado / Let's go back to humanized childbirth

Actualmente, en la mayoría de los países, el parto se ha transformado en una práctica patológica requiriendo un seguimiento institucionalizado y conllevando acciones de violencia obstétrica sobre la mujer. El parto humanizado es un modelo de atención que considera las opiniones, necesidades y valoraciones emocionales de las mujeres y sus familias en los procesos de atención del embarazo, parto y puerperio. En el presente se describe el parto humanizado, historia, importancia, recomendaciones y beneficios para la familia gestante, así como la violencia obstétrica, priorizando la humanización y creando condiciones para que se cumplan las dimensiones espirituales, psicológicas y biológicas del ser humano. Se seleccionaron 12 artículos de investigación, siendo el español el idioma de mayor publicación. El modelo de parto humanizado incluye todo el proceso, desde el embarazo hasta el puerperio tardío, genera un impacto muy importante en el recién nacido y su desarrollo futuro(AU)

Currently, in most countries, childbirth has become a pathological practice, requiring institutionalized followup and leading to actions of obstetric violence against women. Humanized childbirth is a model of care that considers the opinions, needs and emotional evaluations of women and their families in the processes of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium care. This paper describes humanized childbirth, history, importance, recommendations and benefits for the pregnant family, as well as obstetric violence, prioritizing humanization and creating conditions for the spiritual, psychological and biological dimensions of the human being to be fulfilled. 12 research articles were selected, with Spanish being the language with the most publications. The humanized birth model includes the entire process, from pregnancy to the late puerperium, it generates a very important impact on the newborn and its future development(AU)

Experiencias de mujeres en la atención del parto institucional en tiempos de la primera y segunda ola de COVID en México / Women's experiences in institutional childbirth care in times of the first and second waves of COVID in Mexico

Resumen Estudio de tipo cualitativo que explora las perspectivas y experiencias de un grupo de mujeres mexicanas que vivieron la atención institucionalizada del parto en la primera y segunda ola de la pandemia por COVID-19. A través de un guión semiestructurado se entrevistó a nueve mujeres que vivieron la experiencia de la atención del parto entre marzo y octubre de 2020, en hospitales públicos y privados de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, en México. Bajo la propuesta de análisis de la teoría fundamentada, se identificó que las estrategias sanitarias implementadas en el marco de la pandemia, trajeron consigo un retroceso en la garantía del parto humanizado, las mujeres se narraron desconfiadas en los protocolos que siguió el personal para la atención de sus partos en los hospitales del sector público y muy confiadas en los que se implementaron en el sector privado. La realización de cesáreas sin una justificación clara emergió como una constante, igual que la separación temprana de los binomios. Continúa frágil la disposición y el convencimiento del personal sanitario y las instituciones para garantizar, proteger y defender el derecho de las mujeres a vivir el parto libre de violencia. Persisten resistencias para repensar la atención del parto desde un paradigma no biomédicalizante.

Abstract This is a qualitative study that explores the perspectives and experiences of a group of Mexican women who experienced institutionalized childbirth care in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a semi-structured script, nine women who experienced childbirth care were interviewed between March and October 2020 in public and private hospitals in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Under the Grounded Theory analysis proposal, it was identified that the health strategies implemented during the pandemic brought with them a setback in the guarantee of humanized childbirth. Women described themselves as distrustful of the protocols that personnel followed to attend to their births in public sector hospitals and very confident in those implemented in the private sector. The intervention of cesarean sections without a clear justification emerged as a constant, as did early dyad separation. Healthcare personnel's and institutions' willingness and conviction to guarantee, protect and defend the right of women to experience childbirth free of violence remain fragile. Resistance persists to rethink childbirth care from a non-biomedicalizing paradigm.

CHARACTERIZATION OF CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL VARIABLES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH THE MAIN MATERNAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA DURING TWO YEARS AT THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NEIVA. / CARACTERIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES CLÍNICAS, PARACLÍNICAS Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON LOS PRINCIPALES DESENLACES MATERNOS DE GESTANTES CON PREECLAMPSIA SEVERA DURANTE DOS AÑOS EN EL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE NEIVA / CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS VARIÁVEIS CLÍNICAS, PARACLÍNICAS E SUAS PARCERIA COM OS PRINCIPAIS RESULTADOS MATERNAIS DE GESTANTES COM PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA GRAVE HÁ DOIS ANOS NO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE NEIVA

Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy that manifests after 20 weeks. Its diagnosis is determined by hypertension plus proteinuria, establishing severity with: blood pressure ≥ 160/110 mmHg, symptoms and signs of vasospasm or paraclinical alterations. The University Hospital of Neiva is the main reference center in the Colombian South, where preeclampsia is a reason for referral. We don´t have a study that allows us to know the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and their association with the maternal outcomes of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional cohort. Characterized clinical and paraclinical variables and their association with the main maternal outcomes. Results: 334 mothers with a singleton pregnancy and severe preeclampsia were included. 77.6% were between 17 and 34 years old, 97.6% in strata 1 and 2, urban origin in 78% and 65.3% multi-pregnant. In addition, 60.8% with obesity. Regarding paraclinical findings, 35.9% with positive proteinuria, 5% thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine (5%), 27% with elevated transaminases and elevated lactic dehydrogenase (3.6%). 55.6% had a preterm pregnancy and 90% of them were terminated by caesarean section. Complications were hypertensive crisis in 59%, acute kidney injury (5%), HELLP syndrome (3.6%), eclampsia (1.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1.2%). Conclusion: A population with socioeconomic vulnerability was evidenced, aged between 17 and 34 years, mainly obese, with late presentation of the disease; highlighting the development of hypertensive crisis, elevation of transaminases and completion route by cesarean section.

Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy that manifests after 20 weeks. Its diagnosis is determined by hypertension plus proteinuria, establishing severity with: blood pressure ≥ 160/110 mmHg, symptoms and signs of vasospasm or paraclinical alterations. The University Hospital of Neiva is the main reference center in the Colombian South, where preeclampsia is a reason for referral. We don ́t have a study that allows us to know the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and their association with the maternal outcomes of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Methodology: Descriptive observational study of cross-sectional cohort. Characterized clinical and paraclinical variables and their association with the main maternal outcomes. Results: 334 mothers with a singleton pregnancy and severe preeclampsia were included. 77.6% were between 17 and 34 years old, 97.6% in strata 1 and 2, urban origin in 78% and 65.3% multi-pregnant. In addition, 60.8% with obesity. Regarding paraclinical findings, 35.9% with positive proteinuria, 5% thrombocytopenia, elevated serum creatinine (5%), 27% with elevated transaminases and elevated lactic dehydrogenase (3.6%). 55.6% had a preterm pregnancy and 90% of them were terminated by caesarean section. Complications were hypertensive crisis in 59%, acute kidney injury (5%), HELLP syndrome (3.6%), eclampsia (1.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1.2%). Conclusion: A population with socioeconomic vulnerability was evidenced, aged between 17 and 34 years, mainly obese, with late presentation of the disease; highlighting the development of hypertensive crisis, elevation of transaminases and completion route by cesarean section.

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma doença relacionada à gravidez que se manifesta após 20 semanas. Seu diagnóstico é determinado pela hipertensão arterial associada à proteinúria, estabelecendo-se gravidade com: níveis pressóricos ≥ 160/110 mmHg, sintomas e sinais de vasoespasmo ou alterações paraclínicas. O Hospital Universitário de Neiva é o principal centro de referência da região, onde a pré-eclâmpsia é um importante motivo de remissão. Não dispomos de um estudo que nos permita conhecer as características clínicas e paraclínicas e sua associação com a evolução materna de gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia grave. Metodologia: Estudo observacional descritivo de coorte transversal. Caracterizou variáveis clínicas e paraclínicas e sua associação com desfechos maternos importantes. Resultados: Foram incluídas 334 mães com gestação única e pré-eclâmpsia grave. 77,6% tinham entre 17 e 34 anos, 97,6% pertenciam aos estratos 1 e 2, 78% eram urbanas e 65,3% eram multigestantes. Além disso, 60,8% eram obesos. Achados paraclínicos: 35,9% com proteinúria positiva, 5% plaquetopenia, creatinina sérica elevada (5%), 27% com transaminases elevadas e desidrogenase lática elevada (3,6%). 55,6% tiveram gestações pré-termo e 90% delas foram interrompidas por cesariana. As complicações incluíram crise hipertensiva em 59%, lesão renal aguda (5%), síndrome HELLP (3,6%), eclâmpsia (1,2%) e coagulação intravascular disseminada (1,2%). Conclusão: Evidenciou-se uma população com vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com idade entre 17 e 34 anos, principalmente obesos, com apresentação tardia da doença; O desenvolvimento de crise hipertensiva, elevação das transaminases e via de término foi por cesariana.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND OBSTETRIC PROFILE OF WOMEN IN LABOR ATTENDED IN A MATERNITY IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL / PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E OBSTÉTRICO DE PARTURIENTES ATENDIDAS EM UMA MATERNIDADE NO INTERIOR DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Women care in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle is a crucial factor in reducing levels of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, reflecting the quality of life of a society. Thus, the objective of this research is to outline the epidemiological and obstetric profile of the women in labor admitted to a low-risk maternity hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out with information collected in the maternity hospital's electronic medical records. The study covered 704 pregnant women admitted from October 2023 to May 2024, and the variables analyzed were: age of the woman in labor, parity, number of prenatal consultations, reasons for hospitalization, birth interventions and type of birth. The associations carried out using the chi-square test were significant with a p-value < 0.05. The average maternal age was 26.1 years old. Regarding parity, 42.9% of the participants were at their first pregnancy. The average number of prenatal consultations was 10 consultations per pregnant woman. There were 71% of normal births and 29% of cesarean. This is a pioneering study on the epidemiological profile of this service, contributing to maternal and child care.

A atenção à mulher no ciclo gravídico-puerperal é fator crucial para a redução dos níveis de morbimortalidade materna e infantil, traduzindo a qualidade de vida de uma sociedade. Dessa forma, objetiva-se traçar o perfil epidemiológico e obstétrico de parturientes admitidas em uma maternidade de risco habitual no interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo com informações coletadas em prontuário eletrônico da maternidade. O estudo abrangeu 704 gestantes admitidas no período de outubro de 2023 a maio de 2024, e analisaram-se as variáveis: idade da parturiente, paridade, número de consultas pré-natal, motivos da internação, intervenções no parto e o tipo de parto. As associações realizadas utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado foram significativas com o valor-p < 0,05. A idade materna média encontrada foi de 26,1 anos de idade. Quanto à paridade, 42,9% das participantes eram primigestas. número médio de consultas pré-natal foi de 10 consultas por gestante. Observaram-se 71% de partos normais e 29% de partos cesárea. Trata-se de um estudo pioneiro acerca do perfil epidemiológico deste serviço, contribuindo para o cuidado materno-infantil.

Influence of non-pharmacological methods on duration of labor: a systematic review / A influência de métodos não farmacológicos na duração do parto: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract The article aims to verify the influence of MNFs on the duration of the birth process. A systematic review was carried out in the MEDLINE, Web of Science and LILACS databases, through a combination of terms that cover the topic addressed, from 1996 to 2021/April. The Excel spreadsheet was used to collect data to extract information regarding each selected article, in turn, data analysis included the evaluation and classification of quality, reliability and risk of bias, thus, the following tools were used: Cochrane RoB 2, Checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Warm bath, walking, exercises with a birthing ball, breathing techniques, supine position, acupuncture, acupressure and water birth reduced labor time. While spontaneous pushing, massage and immersion baths prolonged labor. Non-pharmacological methods capable of reducing the duration of labor were hot/warm shower, walking, birth ball exercises, breathing techniques, maternal mobility, dorsal position, acupuncture, acupressure and water birth, as well. associated applied techniques such as hot/warm bath, ball exercises and lumbosacral massage, as well as immersion bath, ball exercises, aromatherapy, vertical postures and maternal mobility with alternating vertical postures, shortened the birth time.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é verificar a influência dos MNFs na duração do processo de parto. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Web of Science e LILACS, por meio da combinação de termos que contemple a temática abordada, no período de 1996 a 2021/abril. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados a planilha Excel para extração de informações referentes a cada artigo selecionado, por sua vez, a análise dos dados compreendeu a avaliação e classificação da qualidade, confiabilidade e risco de viés, assim, utilizou-se como ferramentas: Cochrane RoB 2, Checklist e Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. Reduziram o tempo de trabalho de parto banho morno, caminhada, exercícios com bola de parto, técnicas respiratórias, decúbito dorsal, acupuntura, acupressão e parto na água. Enquanto empurrões espontâneos, massagem e banho de imersão prolongaram o trabalho de parto. Os métodos não farmacológicos capazes de reduzir a duração do trabalho de parto foram banho de chuveiro quente/morno, caminhada, exercícios com bola de parto, técnicas de respiração, mobilidade materna, posição dorsal, acupuntura, acupressão e parto na água, também encurtaram o tempo de parto técnicas aplicadas associadas como banho quente/morno, exercícios com bola e massagem lombossacral, assim como banho de imersão, exercícios com bola, aromaterapia, posturas verticais e mobilidade materna com posturas verticais alternadas.

Repensando o Nascimento como um Direito Integral na Luta contra a Violência Obstétrica no Brasil / Rethinking Birth as a Comprehensive Right in the Fight against Obstetric Violence in Brazil / Reconsiderando el Nacimiento como un Derecho Integral en la Lucha contra la Violencia Obstétrica en Brasil

Objetivo: analisar o impacto da ausência de legislação federal e normativas na mitigação da violência obstétrica no Brasil, por meio de uma análise crítica, com ênfase na regulação legal. Metodologia: inicialmente, realizou-se uma revisão narrativa de abordagem qualiquantitativa e exploratória-descritiva nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e da Scientific Electronic Library Online, no período entre 2018 e 2023. Os artigos foram selecionados utilizando descritores do Medical Subject Headings, como "obstetric violence" e "violence against women", combinados através do operador booleano "AND". Posteriormente, foi conduzida uma pesquisa documental buscando consultar a legislação estadual vigente no Brasil e identificar possíveis lacunas. Resultados: Identificou-se uma lacuna considerável em relação à violência obstétrica e à conscientização limitada sobre os direitos à autonomia das mulheres, que são preocupações evidentes. Em relação às legislações estaduais analisadas, 14 fazem menção à "violência obstétrica" e 8 abordam a "humanização do parto". Dessas, 19 têm caráter informativo, 28 são preventivas e 2 são punitivas. Considerações Finais: A ausência de consenso na definição da violência obstétrica e a escassa capacitação dos profissionais de saúde resultam em práticas obsoletas. A elevada taxa de cesarianas desnecessárias e a carência de estudos sobre mulheres quilombolas e indígenas são preocupantes. No âmbito jurídico, a falta de compreensão por parte dos magistrados e a fragmentação das legislações estaduais representam desafios significativos. Torna-se crucial adotar uma abordagem multidisciplinar e políticas públicas claras para prevenir essa violência e assegurar uma assistência ao parto segura e centrada nas necessidades das mulheres.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the absence of federal legislation and regulations on the mitigation of obstetric violence in Brazil through a critical analysis, with emphasis on legal regulation. Methodology: Initially, a narrative review with a qualiquantitative and exploratory-descriptive approach was conducted on the databases of the Virtual Health Library and the Scientific Electronic Library Online, between 2018 and 2023. Articles were selected using Medical Subject Headings descriptors such as "obstetric violence" and "violence against women", combined with the boolean operator "AND". Subsequently, a documentary search was conducted to consult the current state legislation in Brazil and identify possible gaps. Results: A considerable gap was identified regarding obstetric violence and limited awareness of women's autonomy rights, which are evident concerns. Regarding the analyzed state laws, 14 mention "obstetric violence" and 8 address "humanization of childbirth". Of these, 19 are informative, 28 are preventive, and 2 are punitive. Final Considerations: The lack of consensus in defining obstetric violence and the scarce training of healthcare professionals result in obsolete practices. The high rate of unnecessary cesarean sections and the lack of studies on quilombola and indigenous women are concerning. In the legal sphere, the lack of understanding by judges and the fragmentation of state legislation represent significant challenges. It is crucial to adopt a multidisciplinary approach and clear public policies to prevent this violence and ensure safe and woman-centered childbirth care.

Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de la ausencia de legislación federal y normativas en la mitigación de la violencia obstétrica en Brasil mediante un análisis crítico, con énfasis en la regulación legal. Metodología: Inicialmente, se realizó una revisión narrativa con enfoque cualicuantitativo y exploratorio-descriptivo en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y la Scientific Electronic Library Online, entre 2018 y 2023. Se seleccionaron artículos utilizando descriptores del Medical Subject Headings como "obstetric violence" y "violence against women", combinados con el operador booleano "AND". Posteriormente, se realizó una búsqueda documental para consultar la legislación estatal vigente en Brasil e identificar posibles lagunas. Resultados: Se identificó una brecha considerable en relación con la violencia obstétrica y la conciencia limitada de los derechos de autonomía de las mujeres, que son preocupaciones evidentes. En cuanto a las leyes estatales analizadas, 14 mencionan "violencia obstétrica" y 8 abordan la "humanización del parto". De estas, 19 son informativas, 28 son preventivas y 2 son punitivas. Consideraciones Finales: La falta de consenso en la definición de la violencia obstétrica y la escasa formación de los profesionales de la salud resultan en prácticas obsoletas. La alta tasa de cesáreas innecesarias y la falta de estudios sobre mujeres quilombolas e indígenas son preocupantes. En el ámbito legal, la falta de comprensión por parte de los jueces y la fragmentación de la legislación estatal representan desafíos significativos. Es crucial adoptar un enfoque multidisciplinario y políticas públicas claras para prevenir esta violencia y garantizar una atención al parto segura y centrada en las necesidades de las mujeres.

Assessment of obstetric history and cervical length as risk factors for preterm birth / Evaluación de la história obstétrica y la longitud cervical como factores de riesgo para el parto prematuro

Introduction: Preterm birth, before 37 weeks of gestation, is the main determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with serious consequences,including compromised quality of life for the affected individual and physical, psychological, and economic costs. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of obstetric history, cervicovaginal infections, and cervical length with preterm birth. A prospective, blind cohort study evaluated 1,370 pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation. Materials and methods: The correlation between obstetric history, cervical length, and gestational age at birth was obtained by calculating the relative risk of the different variables. Results: The distribution of pregnant women according to cervical length (CL) showed a predominance of women with a cervix longer than 2.5 cm (n = 1,308, 95.8%), followed by women with a cervix between 2 and 2.49 cm (n = 42, 3.1%) and < 2 cm (n = 15, 1.1%). Among the 1,370 pregnant women evaluated, 133 had spontaneous preterm birth (< 259 days); 14 (10.5%) preterm births occurred in women under 19 years of age, 105 (79%) in women between 19 and 35 years, and 14 (10.5%) in women older than 35 years. Microbiological analysis showed the growth of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and other bacteria in 8, 17, and 16 women with preterm birth, respectively. Among the 133 women with spontaneous preterm birth, CL was < 2.5 cm in 15 women, < 2 cm in 3, < 1.5 cm in 3, and < 1 cm in 2. Conclusion: The identification of pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery can reduce the incidence of preterm birth. Although no gold standard test exists for the prediction of preterm birth, this study confirms that the measurement of CL is a good individual predictor.

Introducción: El nacimiento pretérmino, antes de las 37 semanas de gestación, es el principal determinante de la morbimortalidad neonatal y se asocia a graves consecuencias,incluyendo el compromiso de la calidad de vida del individuo afectado y costes físicos, psicológicos y económicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación de los antecedentes obstétricos, infecciones cervicovaginales y longitud cervical con el parto prematuro. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo, ciego, evaluando 1.370 gestantes de Ribeirão Preto entre 20 y 25 semanas de gestación. Material y métodos: La correlación entre los antecedentes obstétricos, la longitud cervical y la edad gestacional al nacer se obtuvo calculando el riesgo relativo de las diferentes variables. Resultados: La distribución de las gestantes según la longitud cervical (LC) mostró un predominio de mujeres con cuello uterino mayor de 2,5 cm (n = 1,308, 95.8%), seguidas de mujeres con cuello uterino entre 2 y 2,49 cm (n = 42, 3.1%) y menor de 2 cm (n = 15, 1.1%). De las 1,370 embarazadas evaluadas, 133 tuvieron un parto prematuro espontáneo (< 259 días); 14 (10.5%) partos prematuros se produjeron en mujeres menores de 19 años, 105 (79%) en mujeres de entre 19 y 35 años, y 14 (10.5%) en mujeres mayores de 35 años. Los análisis microbiológicos mostraron la proliferación de Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum y otras bacterias en 8, 17 y 16 mujeres con parto prematuro, respectivamente. Entre las 133 mujeres con parto prematuro espontáneo, la CL fue < 2.5 cm en 15 mujeres, < 2 cm en 3, < 1.5 cm en 3 y < 1 cm en 2. Conclusión: La identificación de las gestantes con alto riesgo de parto prematuro puede reducir la incidencia de parto prematuro. Aunque no existe una prueba de referencia para la predicción del parto prematuro, este estudio confirma que la medición de la longitud cervical es una buena predicción individual.

Mother-infant bonding: The role of postpartum depression, violence, and bonding established with one's own mother during childhood.

Mother-infant bonding is influenced by several risk and protective factors, and the literature has investigated the relationships between these factors independently. This study aimed to verify the interrelationships of some of these factors and how they influence mother-infant bonding in Brazil. In this study, 361 mothers participated, and the outcome variable of mother-infant bonding was assessed using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). Multivariate regression analysis was performed using a hierarchical model with three blocks structured according to the influence exerted on mother-infant bonding. The PBQ's factor scores were estimated and used in the subsequent analyses to decrease measurement error. The variable "violence experienced by mothers" was statistically significant for explaining the second block model but not significant for the third block. Network analysis was performed after multiple regression, showing that the violence experienced by mothers does not directly influence mother-infant bonding but rather is mediated by postpartum depression. This explains why violence is not significant in the hierarchical multiple regression when maternal depression is added to the model. This study's strengths lie in its utilization of PBQ factor scores and network analysis, enabling the estimation of conditional relationships among variables. This approach provides deeper insights into factors affecting mother-infant bonding.

Varios factores de riesgo y de protección ejercen influencia sobre la unión afectiva madre­infante; la literatura disponible ha investigado las relaciones entre estos factores de una manera independiente. Este estudio se propuso verificar las interrelaciones de algunos de estos factores y cómo ellos influyen en la unión afectiva madre­infante. Se consultó un total de 361 madres y el variable resultado de afectividad madre­infante se evaluó por medio del Cuestionario de Afectividad de Postparto (PBQ). Se llevaron a cabo análisis de regresión multivariados usando un modelo jerárquico con tres estructuras de bloques de acuerdo con la influencia ejercida sobre la unión afectiva madre­infante. Se estimaron y usaron los puntajes de factores del PBQ en los análisis subsecuentes para disminuir el error en la medida. La variable "violencia experimentada por las madres" fue estadísticamente significativa para explicar el segundo modelo de bloque, pero no significativa para el tercer bloque. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de interrelaciones después de la regresión múltiple, demostrando que la violencia experimentada por las madres no influye directamente la afectividad madre­infante, sino que la misma es mediada por la depresión posterior al parto. Esto explica por qué la violencia no es significativa en la jerárquica regresión múltiple cuando la depresión materna se le agrega al modelo. Entre los puntos fuertes de este estudio se incluye el uso de los puntajes de factores del PBQ y el análisis de interrelaciones, lo cual permitió que se estimaran las relaciones condicionales existente dentro del grupo de variables, aportando una mayor comprensión de algunos factores que interfieren en la unión afectiva madre­infante.

Partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en hospitales del Maule desde 2017 a 2021 / Births and cesarean sections at risk age in Maule hospitals from 2017 to 2021

Pregnancy, despite being a physiological process, can lead to morbidity and mortality, which is increased at risk ages, defined as younger or equal to15 years and older or equal to 35 years. For an adequate approach it is necessary to know the local reality of the population, therefore, the objective of this study is to describe and analyze the discharges of births and cesarean sections at risk age in the Maule Region from 2017 to 2021 using the database collected from the Biostatistics Unit of the Maule Health Service, which includes the hospitals of the region. Within the observed period, a total of 30,599 deliveries and cesarean sections were studied, being these a total of 5,581 at risk age, of which 0.65% corresponds to women younger or equal to 15 years and 17.57% to women older or equal to 35 years. There is a downward tendency in births in general, mostly evidenced in less or equal to 15 years, and on the contrary, a rise in births and cesarean sections of more or equal to 35 years, differing with the statistics at the country level. The tendency of increasing maternal age of pregnancies in the Maule region and its consequences are a fundamental factor when planning new public policies, so we consider it of vital importance to promote research and update the evidence, with a focus on the local population.

El embarazo a pesar de ser un proceso fisiológico puede conllevar morbimortalidad, la cual se acrecienta en edades de riesgo, definida como menor o igual a 15 años y mayor o igual a 35 años. Para el adecuado enfrentamiento se necesita conocer la realidad local, por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es describir y analizar los egresos de partos y cesáreas en edad de riesgo en la Región del Maule desde el año 2017 a 2021 utilizando la base de datos recogida desde la Unidad de Bioestadística del Servicio de Salud Maule, la cual incluye los hospitales de la región. Dentro del periodo observado se estudió un total de 30.599 partos y cesáreas, siendo estos un total de 5.581 en edad de riesgo, de los cuales 0.65% corresponde a mujeres menores o igual a 15 años y 17.57% a mujeres mayores o igual a 35 años. Existe una tendencia a la baja de los nacimientos en general, mayormente evidenciado en menores o igual a 15 años, y por el contrario, un alza en los partos y cesáreas de mayores o igual a 35 años, difiriendo con las estadísticas a nivel país. El aumento de la edad materna de los embarazos en la región del Maule y sus consecuencias son un factor fundamental a la hora de planificar nuevas políticas públicas, por lo que consideramos de vital importancia promover la realización de investigaciones y actualización de la evidencia sobre el tema, con un enfoque en la población local.

Aspectos relacionados às preferências e vivências das mulheres perante as vias de parto / Aspects related to women's preferences and experiences with birth routes / Aspectos relacionados con las preferencias y experiencias de las mujeres respecto a las vías de parto

Objetivo: Analisar as preferências e vivências das mulheres perante as vias de parto. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória, através de relatos de experiências de um total de 19 mulheres, as quais tiveram seus filhos por via de parto normal ou cesariana, nos anos de 2020 ou 2021. Resultados: A cesariana e o parto normal possuem divergências perante as experiências vivenciadas pelas mulheres. O procedimento da cesárea vem se tornando uma conduta rotineira, dificultando a autonomia da parturiente nas tomadas de decisões. Diferente do parto normal, o qual segundo relatos observados nas entrevistas, é um processo que envolve e depende mais da mulher. O parto normal ainda é temido pelas mulheres pelo medo da dor, enfatizando a necessidade de um acompanhamento de qualidade durante todo o processo de pré-natal, trabalho de parto e parto. Conclusão: Percebeu-se através do estudo que a preferência pelo parto normal vem crescendo ao longo dos últimos anos, mesmo a cesariana ainda sendo a via de parto com maiores índices. Os sentimentos e experiências das mulheres durante o parto são relativos conforme suas vivências e preferências, sendo considerado também a influência das condutas dos profissionais. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the preferences and experiences of women regarding birth routes. Methods: This is an exploratory qualitative research, through the experience reports of a total of 19 women, who had their children by normal birth or cesarean section, in the years 2020 or 2021. Results: Cesarean and normal birth have divergences in the experiences of women. The cesarean procedure has become a routine conduct, hindering the autonomy of the mother in decision-making. Unlike normal birth, which according to reports observed in the interviews, is a process that involves and depends more on the woman. Normal birth is still feared by women for fear of pain, emphasizing the need for quality monitoring throughout the prenatal process, labor and delivery. Conclusion: The study showed that the preference for normal birth has been growing over the past few years, even though the cesarean section is still the most commonly used method of delivery. The feelings and experiences of women during childbirth are relative according to their experiences and preferences, being also considered the influence of the professionals' behaviors. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar las preferencias y vivencias de las mujeres ante las vías de parto. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio, a través de los relatos de experiencias de un total de 19 mujeres, que tienen sus hijos por vía de parto normal o cesárea, en los años 2020 o 2021. Resultados: La cesárea y el parto normal tienen divergencias ante las experiencias vividas por las mujeres. El procedimiento de cesárea se ha convertido en una conducta rutinaria, dificultando la autonomía de la parturienta en la toma de decisiones. A diferencia del parto normal, que según los informes observados en las entrevistas, es un proceso que implica y depende más de la mujer. El parto normal aún es temido por las mujeres por el dolor, enfatizando la necesidad de un acompañamiento de calidad durante todo el proceso prenatal, el trabajo de parto y el parto. Conclusión: Se percibe a través del estudio que la preferencia por el parto normal está creciendo a lo largo de los últimos años, aunque la cesárea sigue siendo la vía de parto con mayores índices. Los sentimientos y las experiencias de las mujeres durante el parto son relativos a sus vidas y preferencias, considerando también la influencia de las conductas de los profesionales. (AU)

Two pregnancies of an ornithine carbamoyltransferase defi ciency disease carrier and review of the literature / Dos embarazos de una portadora de la enfermedad por defi ciencia de ornitina transcarbamilasa (OTC) y revisión de la literatura

Background: the underlying cause of the deficiency of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCD) is a gene mutation on the X chromosome. In females, the phenotype is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to neurologic compromise secondary to hyperammonemia and it can be prompted by numerous triggers, including pregnancy. Objective: the objective of this article is to report a case of two pregnancies of an OTCD-carrier, and to review the literature describing OTCD and pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Methods: an extensive search in PubMed in December 2021 was conducted using different search terms. After screening all abstracts, 23 papers that corresponded to our inclusion criteria were identified. Results: the article focuses on the management of OTCD during pregnancy, parturition, and the postpartum period in terms of clinical presentation, ammonia levels and treatment. Conclusions: females with OTCD can certainly plan a pregnancy, but they need a careful management during delivery and particularly during the immediate postpartum period. If possible, a multidisciplinary team of physicians, dietitians, obstetrician-gynecologist, neonatologists, pharmacists, etc. with expertise in this field should participate in the care of women with OTCD and their children during this period and in their adult life.(AU)

Antecedentes: la causa subyacente de la deficiencia de ornitina transcarbamilasa (OTC) es una mutación genética en el cromosoma X. En las mujeres, el fenotipo es muy variable, desde asintomático hasta presentar un compromiso neurológico secundario a hiperamonemia, y puede ser provocado por numerosos factores desencadenantes, incluido el embarazo.Objetivo: el objetivo de este artículo es reportar un caso de dos embarazos de una portadora de OTC, y revisar la literatura que describe OTC y embarazo, parto y posparto. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en PubMed en diciembre de 2021 utilizando diferentes términos de búsqueda. Después de examinar todos los resúmenes, identificamos 23 artículos que correspondían a nuestros criterios de inclusión. Resultados: el artículo se centra en el manejo de la OTC durante el embarazo, el parto y el posparto en términos de presentación clínica, niveles de amonio y tratamiento. Conclusiones: las mujeres con OTC pueden planificar un embarazo, pero necesitan un manejo cuidadoso durante el parto, y particularmente, durante el posparto inmediato. Si es posible, un equipo multidisciplinar de médicos, dietistas, ginecólogos-obstetras, neonatólogos, farmacéuticos, etc., con experiencia en este campo, debe participar en el cuidado de las mujeres con OTC y sus hijos durante este periodo y en su vida adulta.(AU)

Aplicación de la clasificación de Robson como método útil para estandarizar el manejo del parto. Un ejercicio que reduce la tasa de cesáreas / Application of Robson's Ten Group Classification System to standardize patient management. A useful way to reduce cesarean rates

Introducción: La tasa de cesárea es un motivo de controversia y la clasificación de Robson es un método de estandarización que evalúa las causas de esta. En nuestro trabajo analizamos si las medidas de mejora de manejo prenatal e intraparto implementadas tras la revisión de Robson suponen un descenso de índice de cesáreas sin incrementar los de morbimortalidad neonatal y materna. Material y método: Estudio cuasi experimental antes-después, entre 2019 y 2020, con un total de 2.181 pacientes con parto en el Hospital Universitario de Valme (1.027 en el grupo 2019 y 1.154 en el de 2020). Resultados: Observamos que se produjo una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la tasa de cesárea entre 2019 y 2020 (21 vs. 15,8%; p = 0,001) sin ser relevante la reducción en ningún subgrupo de estudio. Hubo un menor índice de parto inducido (29,3 vs. 24,6%; p = 0.01), un aumento en la tasa de parto vaginal (79 vs. 84,2%; p = 0,001) tanto de eutócicos como instrumentales (57,9 vs. 60,3%; 21 vs. 23,9%; p = 0.005) y una baja estadísticamente significativa de la de cesáreas por fallo de inducción o no progresión del parto (NPP) (34,7 vs. 20,9%; p = 0,008). En las inducciones mediante balón de Cook observamos una disminución del índice de cesárea (45,3 vs. 22,2% p = 0,001). Hallamos que redujo el porcentaje de ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) (10,5 vs. 7.6%; p = 0,016) y la morbilidad neonatal global (11,4 vs. 8,2%; p = 0,013) sin encontrar diferencia en los resultados maternos. Conclusiones: La aplicación de la clasificación de Robson puede ser un método útil para identificar grupos que requieran de medidas específicas destinadas a estandarizar el manejo de las pacientes, con lo que se permite reducir la tasa de cesáreas.(AU)

Background: Cesarean section rate is controversial and the Robson classification is a method for standardizing the evaluation of the causes of cesarean section. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the measures to improve prenatal and intrapartum management implemented after the Robson classification evaluation lead to a decrease in the rate of cesarean sections without increasing the rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Material and method: Quasi-experimental study before-after,between-2019 and 2020, including a total of 2181 patients with delivery at Hospital-Universitario-Valme(1027 patients in Group-2019, and 1154 patients in group-2020).Results: We observed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the cesarean section rate between 2019 and 2020 (21.0% vs 15.8%; p = 0.001) without the decrease being significant in any study subgroup. There was a lower rate of induced labor(29.3% vs 24.6%; p = 0.01), an increased rate of vaginal delivery (79.0% vs 84.2%; p = 0.001), both eutocic and instrumental deliveries (57.9% vs 60.3%; 21% vs 23.9%; p = 0.005) and a statistically significant decrease in the rate of cesarean sections due to failure of induction or non-progression of labor(34.7% vs 20.9%;p = 0.008). In inductions using the balloon-Cook we observed a decrease in the rate of cesarean section (45.3% versus 22.2% p = 0.001). We found a decrease in the percentage of admission to the Neonatal ICU (10.5% vs 7.6%; p = 0.016) and global neonatal morbidity(11.4% vs 8.2%; p = 0.013) without observing a difference in maternal outcomes. Conclusions: The application of the Robson classification can be a useful method to identify groups that require the application of specific measures aimed at standardizing the management of these patients, thus allowing to reduce the rate of cesarean sections.(AU)

Concentraciones de progesterona en saliva en pacientes sintomáticas con parto pretérmino inminente y pacientes con partos más allá de 7 días

Objetivo: Comparar las concentraciones de progesterona en saliva en pacientes sintomáticas con parto pretérmino inminente y pacientes con partos más allá de 7 días. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo y longitudinal realizado en el Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona" de Venezuela. Fueron seleccionadas pacientes con parto pretérmino en los siguientes 7 días (grupo A) y con parto pretérmino más allá de los 7 días (grupo B). Se analizaron las características generales, concentraciones de progesterona en saliva, parto pretérmino inminente y eficacia pronóstica. Resultados: Fueron incluidas 327 pacientes, 75 mujeres en el grupo A y 251 pacientes en el grupo B. Las pacientes del grupo A presentaron valores menores de progesterona en saliva (3,003 +/- 447 pg/mL) comparado con las pacientes del grupo B (3,639 +/- 430 pg/mL; p < 0,0001). El valor de corte predictivo fue de 3,100 pg/mL, demostrando un valor área bajo la curva de 0,834 con sensibilidad de 58,7%, especificidad de 84,9%, valor predictivo positivo de 53,7%, valor predictivo negativo de 87,3% y exactitud pronostica de 78,8% para la predicción de parto pretérmino inminente. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones de progesterona en saliva son significativamente más bajas en las pacientes con parto pretérmino inminente, comparado con aquellas pacientes con partos más allá de los 7 días. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Objective: To compare progesterone concentrations in saliva in symptomatic patients with imminent preterm labor and patients with deliveries beyond 7 days. Methodology: Prospective and longitudinal study carried out at the Central Hospital Dr. Urquinaona of Venezuela. Patients with preterm delivery within 7 days (group A) and with preterm delivery beyond 7 days (group B) were selected. General characteristics, saliva progesterone concentrations, imminent preterm delivery and prognostic efficacy were analyzed. Results: A total of 327 patients were included, 75 women in group A and 251 patients in group B. Patients in group A had lower saliva progesterone values (3.003 +/- 447 pg/mL) compared to patients in group B (3.639 +/- 430 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). The predictive cutoff value was 3,100 pg/mL, demonstrating an area under the curve value of 0.834 with sensitivity of 58.7%, specificity of 84.9%, positive predictive value of 53.7%, negative predictive value of 87.3% and prognostic accuracy of 78.8% for prediction of impending preterm labor. Conclusions: Saliva progesterone concentrations are significantly lower in patients with imminent preterm labor compared to those patients with deliveries beyond 7 days. (provided by Infomedic International)

Atenção psicológica às puérperas na maternidade: relato de experiência / Psychological care for postpartum women in the maternity ward: experience report / Atención psicológica a la puérpera en la maternidad: relato de experiencia

OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência de realizar intervenções em saúde mental desenvolvidas com puérperas internadas por razão de pósparto imediato. MÉTODO: Relato de prática profissional sobre a criação e implantação do Programa de Saúde Mental da Recém-mamãe, realizado no período de fevereiro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2024 com mulheres hospitalizadas após o parto, independente da via (cesárea ou normal) em uma maternidade pública do interior paulista. Fundamentada pela Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental (TCC), as ações do programa foram organizadas em um Protocolo de Conduta, para a psicóloga da instituição e elaboração de questionário intitulado "Escala Perceptiva de Experiência do Parto", objetivando abordar sobre a percepção da mulher com relação à sua vivência de parir, bem como, emoções e sentimentos envolvidos no momento, viabilizando um acolhimento mais assertivo de acordo com a demanda da participante. RESULTADOS: As ações do programa basearam-se em escuta qualificada, dando ênfase à narrativa da participante. A atenção à recém-mãe seguiu as seguintes diretrizes de atuação: abordagem com o questionário desenvolvido; atendimento psicológico de acordo com a demanda da participante; interconsulta com médico para tratamento medicamentoso, avaliação com instrumentos de saúde mental; encaminhamentos para serviço de psicologia externo; orientações sobre os aspectos emocionais do pós-parto; entrega de relatório à diretoria da instituição buscando fomentar ações de melhoria no que tange a gestão em saúde. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A implantação do Programa permitiu um cuidado mais sensível, personalizado e assertivo, promovendo nova dinâmica de atenção à saúde mental materna no ambiente hospitalar.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of carrying out mental health interventions developed with postpartum women hospitalized for immediate postpartum reasons. METHOD: Professional practice report on the creation and implementation of the Programa de Saúde Mental da Recém-mamãe (New Mother's Mental Health Program), carried out from February 2019 to February 2024 with women hospitalized after childbirth, regardless of the route (cesarean section or normal) in a maternity ward public sector in the interior of São Paulo. Based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the program's actions were organized into a Conduct Protocol, for the institution's psychologist and preparation of a questionnaire entitled "Escala Perceptiva de Experiência do Parto" ("Perceptual Scale of Childbirth Experience"), aiming to address the woman's perception in relation to their experience of giving birth, as well as the emotions and feelings involved in the moment, enabling a more assertive reception according to the participant's demands. RESULTS: The program's actions were based on qualified listening, placing emphasis on the participant's narrative. Care for the new mother followed the following guidelines: approach with the developed questionnaire; psychological care according to the participant's demand; consultation with a doctor for drug treatment, assessment with mental health instruments; referrals to external psychology services; guidance on the emotional aspects of postpartum; delivery of a report to the institution's board of directors seeking to encourage improvement actions regarding health management. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The implementation of this program allowed for more sensitive, personalized and assertive care, promoting new dynamics of maternal mental health care in the hospital environment.

OBJETIVO: Relatar la experiencia de realización de intervenciones en salud mental desarrolladas con puérperas hospitalizadas por motivos de posparto inmediato. MÉTODO: Informe de práctica profesional sobre la creación e implementación del Programa de Salud Mental de la Nueva Madre, realizado de febrero de 2019 a febrero de 2024 con mujeres hospitalizadas después del parto, independientemente de la vía (cesárea o normal) en una maternidad del sector público del interior de São Paulo. Con base en la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC), las acciones del programa se organizaron en un Protocolo de Conducta, para el psicólogo de la institución y la elaboración de un cuestionario denominado "Escala Perceptual de la Experiencia del Parto", con el objetivo de abordar la percepción de la mujer en relación con su experiencia de dar nacimiento, así como las emociones y sentimientos involucrados en el momento, posibilitando una recepción más asertiva de acuerdo con las demandas del participante. RESULTADOS: Las acciones del programa se basaron en la escucha calificada, poniendo énfasis en la narrativa de los participantes. El cuidado de la nueva madre siguió las siguientes pautas: abordaje con el cuestionario desarrollado; atención psicológica según la demanda del participante; consulta con médico para tratamiento de drogas, valoración con instrumentos de salud mental; derivaciones a servicios externos de psicología; orientación sobre los aspectos emocionales del posparto; entrega de un informe al directorio de la institución buscando incentivar acciones de mejora en materia de gestión en salud. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: La implementación del Programa permitió una atención más sensible, personalizada y asertiva, promoviendo nuevas dinámicas de atención a la salud mental materna en el ambiente hospitalario.