Factorial validity and measurement invariance of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ).

The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) is the gold standard measure for burnout in athletes. However, previous assessments of factorial validity have: (a) tested overly restrictive measurement models; (b) provided mixed support for factorial validity; and (c) not been applied to assess measurement invariance across gender, sport type, or age. To address these issues, we used ABQ data provided by 914 athletes (Mage = 21.75 years, SD = 8.79) and examined factorial validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) techniques. We also examined measurement invariance of the ABQ data across reported gender (female, male), sport type (individual, team), and age (≤18 years, >18 years) groups. The analyses revealed that an ESEM model provided superior fit over the corresponding CFA model. In terms of measurement invariance, support was provided for the equivalence of the ABQ across each group. This means that researchers using the ABQ can collect data across these groups and examine potential differences with confidence that the ABQ is approximately invariant. In all, we provide evidence that the majority of ABQ items are key target construct indicators and the burnout construct (as measured by the ABQ) has the same structure and meaning to different athlete groups.

Síndrome de burnout, resiliencia y miedo a la COVID-19 en personal sanitario durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 / Burnout syndrome, resilience and fear of COVID-19 in healthcare professionals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Objetivo: describir la relación entre burnout, resiliencia y miedo frente a la COVID-19 del personal de salud que trabaja en la Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Toledo (GAPTO) durante la emergencia sanitaria por la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Emplazamiento: GAPTO, España. Participantes: 96 profesionales de medicina y enfermería de la GAPTO. Mediciones principales: se incluyeron las siguientes variables: características sociodemográficas, condiciones laborales, burnout, resiliencia y miedo a la COVID-19. Resultados: la prevalencia del burnout fue de 36,5%, el riesgo de desarrollar burnout fue de 28,1%. Un 50% de los profesionales tenía alterada la subescala de agotamiento emocional (AE), que puede estar asociada o no con alteraciones de las otras subescalas. Un 42,7% de la población estudiada mostró baja resiliencia. Un 45,8% tenía poco miedo a la COVID-19; un 43,8%, un miedo moderado, y un 10,4% presentaba altos niveles de miedo. Se encontró asociación inversa entre el síndrome de burnout y la resiliencia. También se observó relación entre el miedo a la COVID-19 y el burnout. La resiliencia y el miedo a la COVID-19 tienen una asociación más fuerte que el resto de las variables. Otras variables relacionadas con la presencia de burnout fueron la profesión y el servicio donde trabajan los profesionales. Conclusiones: el síndrome de burnout afectó a una elevada proporción de profesionales de la sanidad de la GAPTO en el marco de la pandemia por COVID-19, siendo el AE la subescala predominantemente afectada, que se encuentra relacionada con los niveles de resiliencia y de miedo a la COVID-19.(AU)

Objective: to report the relationship between burnout, levels of resilience and fear of COVID-19 in health professionals working in Toledo Primary Care Management (GAPTO) during the health emergency due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Design: descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study. Location: GAPTO, Spain. Participants: 96 GAPTO medical and nursing professionals. Main measurements: the variables included were: sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions, burnout, resilience and fear of COVID-19. Results: the prevalence of burnout syndrome was 36.5%, the risk of developing burnout was 28.1%. A total of 50% of professionals underwent an alteration on the emotional exhaustion subscale, which may or may not be associated with alterations on the other subscales. A total of 42.7% of the population shows low resilience; 45.8%, 43.8% and 10.4% have little, moderate and a high fear of COVID-19. An inverse association was detected between burnout syndrome and resilience. A relationship was also found between the fear of COVID-19 and burnout. Resilience and fear of COVID-19 have a stronger association than the rest of the variables. Other variables related to the presence of burnout were the profession and the department where the professionals work. Conclusions: burnout syndrome affects a high proportion of health professionals working in GAPTO, Spain, in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotional exhaustion is the predominantly affected subscale, which is related to levels of resilience and fear of COVID-19.(AU)

Síndrome de burnout e atividade física em adolescentes no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 / Burnout syndrome and physical activity in adolescents in the context of Covid-19 pandemic / Síndrome de burnout y actividad física en adolescentes en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19

panorama da pandemia da Covid-19 surgiu a necessidade em diversas áreas do conhecimento de buscar entender os impactos desse cenário nas pessoas, além da busca de estratégias para mitigar estes impactos deletérios à saúde e ao bem-estar pessoal de diversos grupos sociais. O distanciamento social adotado como medida sanitária mostrou-se efetivo para abrandar a contaminação da doença, mas também trouxe algumas implicações a nível psicológico, não apenas na população adulta, mas também entre os adolescentes. Uma delas foi a escalada dos níveis de estresse devido a uma nova rotina de isolamento social e ensino remoto, que por sua vez, pode implicar diretamente na incidência da síndrome de burnout entre os jovens, assim como em adultos. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a relação entre o nível de atividade física e os sintomas de burnout durante o isolamento social ocasionado pela pandemia da Covid-19 entre adolescentes. A amostra do estudo foi constituída de adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos. Foram aplicados de maneira remota os questionários MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory ­ Student Survey) e o QAFA (Questionário de Atividade Física para o Adolescente), que possibilitaram analisar respectivamente, os indicativos de burnout e o nível de atividade física da amostra, além de um questionário semiestruturado que forneceu informações como tempo de tela e motivação para prática de atividade física, por exemplo. Os resultados indicaram que em relação à síndrome de burnout, os indivíduos fisicamente mais ativos têm 2 vezes menos chances de apresentar sintomas da síndrome em detrimento ao insuficientemente ativos. Observou-se qualitativamente, através do questionário semiestruturado, um elevado tempo de tela e uma diminuição na prática regular de atividade física, no contexto do primeiro ano de pandemia. Com estes achados, conclui-se que a atividade física pode ser um elemento diretamente influente na apresentação dos sintomas da síndrome de burnout entre adolescentes. Esta relação pôde ser evidenciada no contexto do primeiro ano de pandemia, onde foram fechados diversos espaços públicos destinados à prática de atividade física e lazer, além das escolas onde esses jovens tinham acesso às aulas de educação física.

In the panorama of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need arose in several areas of knowledge to seek to understand the impacts of this scenario on people, in addition to the search for strategies to mitigate these deleterious impacts on the health and personal well-being of various social groups. The social distancing adopted as a health measure proved to be effective to slow down the contamination of the disease, but it also brought some implications at the psychological level, not only in the adult population, but also among adolescents. One of them was the escalation of stress levels due to a new routine of social isolation and remote education, which in turn can directly implicate in the incidence of burnout syndrome among young people, as well as adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity level and burnout symptoms during social isolation occasioned by the Covid-19 pandemic among adolescents. The study sample consisted of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. The MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey) and the QAFA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents) questionnaires were applied remotely, which made it possible to analyze, respectively, the indications of burnout and the level of physical activity of the sample, in addition to a semi-structured questionnaire that provided information such as screen time and motivation to practice physical activity, for example. The results indicated that in relation to burnout syndrome, the more physically active individuals are 2 times less likely to present symptoms of the syndrome in detriment of the insufficiently active ones. It was qualitatively observed, through the semi-structured questionnaire, a high screen time and a decrease in the regular practice of physical activity, in the context of the first year of the pandemic. With these findings, we conclude that physical activity can be a directly influential element in the presentation of burnout syndrome symptoms among adolescents. This relationship could be evidenced in the context of the first year of the pandemic, where several public spaces for physical activity and leisure were closed, in addition to the schools where these young people had access to physical education classes.

En el panorama de la pandemia del Covid-19, surgió la necesidad en varias áreas del conocimiento de buscar comprender los impactos de este escenario en las personas, además de la búsqueda de estrategias para mitigar estos impactos deletéreos en la salud y en el bienestar personal de diversos grupos sociales. El distanciamiento social adoptado como medida sanitaria se mostró eficaz para frenar la contaminación de la enfermedad, pero también trajo algunas implicaciones a nivel psicológico, no sólo en la población adulta, sino también entre los adolescentes. Una de ellas fue la escalada de los niveles de estrés debido a una nueva rutina de aislamiento social y educación a distancia, que a su vez puede implicar directamente en la incidencia del síndrome de burnout entre los jóvenes, así como entre los adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y los síntomas de burnout durante el aislamiento social ocasionado por la pandemia de Covid-19 entre los adolescentes. La muestra del estudio estaba formada por adolescentes de 15 a 17 años. Se aplicaron a distancia los cuestionarios MBI-SS (Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey) y QAFA (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents), que permitieron analizar, respectivamente, los indicios de burnout y el nivel de actividad física de la muestra, además de un cuestionario semiestructurado que proporcionó información como el tiempo de pantalla y la motivación para practicar actividad física, por ejemplo. Los resultados indicaron que, en relación al síndrome de burnout, los individuos más activos físicamente tienen 2 veces menos probabilidades de presentar síntomas del síndrome en detrimento de los insuficientemente activos. Se observó cualitativamente, a través del cuestionario semiestructurado, un elevado tiempo de pantalla y una disminución en la práctica regular de actividad física, en el contexto del primer año de la pandemia. Con estos hallazgos, concluimos que la actividad física puede ser un elemento directamente influyente en la presentación de los síntomas del síndrome de burnout entre los adolescentes. Esta relación pudo ser evidenciada en el contexto del primer año de la pandemia, donde varios espacios públicos de actividad física y ocio fueron cerrados, además de las escuelas donde estos jóvenes tenían acceso a las clases de educación física.

Análisis factorial y regresión logística multinomial del cuestionario de evaluación de sobrecarga del cuidador / Factorial analysis and multinomial logistic regression of the evaluation questionnaire for the overload of the caregiver

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de las variables consideradas influyentes sobre el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador. Metodología: El estudio respondió a una modalidad de investigación empírico-analítica, y la metodología que se aplicó en este trabajo utilizó el análisis multivariante y los modelos de regresión logit multinominal. Se realizó en L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), con la participación de 14 profesionales sanitarios y 296 cuidadores informales durante los años 2016 y 2017. La técnica de muestreo seleccionada fue la de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. El cuestionario utilizado para este estudio fue un instrumento diseñado ad hoc y con solidez psicométrica demostrada, conocido como CESC (Cuestionario de Evaluación de Sobrecarga del Cuidador). Resultados: El análisis factorial mediante componentes principales permitió agrupar las 16 variables estudiadas en 5 factores: “expresión emocional”, “calidad de vida”, “deterioro funcional y cognitivo”, “red de apoyo” y “desarrollo social”. El resultado explicó el 58,99% de la varianza. Posteriormente se construyó un modelo de regresión logística multinomial, se incorporó como variable dependiente el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador, y como variables independientes los síntomas y predictores de sobrecarga que componen cada factor. Conclusiones: Destaca la importancia de las variables en el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador, con la preeminencia del factor emocional. Se determinó que los sistemas de apoyo juegan un papel importante en el desempeño del rol del cuidador (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of each of the considered influential variables on the level of caregiver overload. Methodology he study was based on empirical and analytical research. Multivariate analysis and multinominal logit regression models were used. It was made in L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), involving 14 health professionals and 296 informal carers during 2016 and 2017. A technique of “non-probabilistic sampling for convenience” was selected. The questionnaire used for this study was an ad hoc designed instrument and with proven psychometric strength, known as CESC (Caregiver Overload Assessment Questionnaire). Results: Factorial analysis through main components allowed grouping the 16 variables studied in 5 factors: “emotional expression”, “quality of life”, “functional and cognitive deterioration”, “support network” and “social development”. The result explained 58.99% of the variance. Subsequently, a multinomial logistic regression model was constructed, was incorporated as a dependent variable the overload caregiver level, and as independent variables the symptoms and predictors of overload that compose each factor. Conclusions: Highlights the importance of the variables in the level of caregiver overload, with the pre-eminence of the emotional factor. It was determined that the support systems are important in the role of the caregiver (AU)

Síndrome de burnout e fatores associados em estudantes da área da saúde / Síndrome de burnout y factores asociados en estudiantes del área de la salud / Burnout syndrome and associated factors among health professions students

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout entre universitários da área da saúde e a sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas e acadêmicas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 231 universitários da área da saúde entre os meses de setembro e outubro de 2020. Aplicou-se o Maslach Burnout Inventory/ Student Survey para avaliar a Síndrome de Burnout e associou-se um questionário para levantamento das variáveis sociodemográficas e acadêmicas. A associação entre variáveis categóricas foi avaliada por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Considerou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout foi de 31,2%. A variável curso apresentou significância estatística (p<0,05) para Síndrome de Burnout, com maior prevalência nos alunos dos cursos de Medicina Veterinária e Odontologia. Conclusão: há indícios de alta prevalência de Síndrome de Burnout entre universitários da área da saúde.

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de pregrado del área de la salud y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y académicas. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 231 estudiantes de pregrado del área de salud entre los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2020. Se aplicó el Maslach Burnout Inventory/ Student Survey para evaluar el Síndrome de Burnout y se asoció un cuestionario para relevar las variables sociodemográficas y académicas. La asociación entre variables categóricas se evaluó mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y Prueba Exacta de Fisher. Se consideró un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: la prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout fue del 31,2%. La variable curso presentó significación estadística (p<0,05) para el Síndrome de Burnout, con mayor prevalencia en los estudiantes de Medicina Veterinaria y Odontología. Conclusión: existe evidencia de una alta prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout entre los estudiantes de pregrado de salud.

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among health professions undergraduate students and its association with sociodemographic and academic variables. Method: cross-sectional study, carried out with 231 health professions undergraduate students between September and October 2020. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey was applied to evaluate Burnout Syndrome and a questionnaire was associated with a survey of sociodemographic and academic variables. The association between categorical variables was evaluated using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. A 5% significance level was considered. Results: the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was 31.2%. The course variable showed statistical significance (p<0.05) for Burnout Syndrome, with higher prevalence among Veterinary Medicine and Dentistry students Conclusion: there is evidence of a high prevalence of Burnout Syndrome among health professions undergraduate students.

Mental Health and Work Engagement as Predictors of Different Burnout Conceptualizations in a Multi Occupational Sample from Latvia

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of mental health concepts (depression, anxiety, and stress) and work engagement in the prediction of burnout sub-variables in different conceptual models and which sub-variable they explain the most. It was assumed, that conceptualization of burnout subtypes could be more successful in the distinction of the burnout from other mental health phenomena compared to the well-known approach. A cross-sectional study among multi-occupational sample (N= 394) was conducted. A correlational and multivariative design was done. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales was used for measure depression, anxiety, and stress and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for measure work engagement. Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey and Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire were used for burnout measures. Anxiety, work engagement, and stress were significant predictors of Frenetic subtype, Work engagement and depression explained Underchallenged subtype, depression, work engagement and anxiety explained Worn-Out, but all independent variables explained Exhaustion, in turn depression and work engagement predicted Cynicism and Professional efficacy. Sociodemographic factors were controlled. Work engagement had greater predictive value of the burnout in the Montero Marín model, but the mental health factors played a more dominant role in the Maslach model. The results indicate a greater role of depression in the classical burnout model (AU)

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Burnout among Spanish Teachers: A Mediation Study / La repercusión de la inteligencia emocional en el burnout de profesores españoles: estudio de mediación

The benefits of emotional intelligence and their alleviating impact on work-related stress among teachers have been gaining salience in this research field. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between emotional abilities and the burnout syndrome and whether the affective balance mediates this interplay. Using a structural equation modeling framework with self-report data from 200 schoolteachers aged between 22 to 64 years (M = 44.97, SD = 9.31, 73.50% women), the study design was a cross-sectional one. Results showed significant direct and indirect effects of mood clarity and emotional repair on all four burnout dimensions, while attention did not predict teacher burntout. Positive affect mediated the relationship between emotional intelligence and enthusiasm toward the job, while negative affect mediated the association between emotional abilities and negative burnout symptoms. Our findings suggest that enhanced emotional abilities are directly associated with lower levels of work-related stress, however, negative affect restrains this positive influence. (AU)

La utilidad de la inteligencia emocional y su efecto tranquilizador sobre el estrés laboral de los profesores han ido cobrando importancia en este campo de investigación. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la relación entre las habilidades emocionales y el síndrome de burnout y si el equilibrio afectivo media esta asociación. Se han utilizado modelos de ecuaciones estructurales con datos de autoinforme de 200 profesores cuya edad estaba comprendida entre los 22 y los 64 años (M = 44.97, SD = 9.31, 73.50% mujeres). Se utilizó un diseño transversal para el estudio. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo directo e indirecto de la claridad y de la reparación emocional en las cuatro dimensiones del burnout, mientras que la atención no predijo el burnout de los profesores. El afecto positivo medió la relación entre la inteligencia emocional y el entusiasmo hacia el trabajo, mientras que el afecto negativo medió la asociación entre las habilidades emocionales y los síntomas negativos del burnout. Dichos resultados indican que el desarrollo de las habilidades emocionales está directamente asociado a un nivel más bajo de estrés laboral. Sin embargo, el afecto negativo restringe esta influencia positiva. (AU)

Fluxo do esgotamento: interrogando o processo de produção do tempo/cansaço no internato médico / Exhaustion flow: investigating the process of producing time/tiredness in medical internship

Resumo: Introdução: A síndrome de burnout causa repercussão com impactos individuais, sociais e econômicos. A tríade que representa a síndrome acomete milhões de trabalhadores pelo mundo, incluindo os trabalhadores da área da saúde e, entre eles, os médicos. Pesquisas apontam um incremento das taxas de burnout entre médicos e residentes, mas pouco se fala sobre a síndrome em estudantes de Medicina. Objetivo: Ao observarmos o adoecimento constante de estudantes, identificamos a necessidade de compreender mecanismos que possam ser considerados disparadores. Assim, investigamos a percepção dos estudantes de Medicina que cursam o estágio supervisionado sobre a síndrome de burnout e a autoidentificação dos sintomas. Método: Realizamos pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso utilizando grupo focal como ferramenta metodológica. Participaram desta pesquisa 22 internos divididos em três grupos focais. As falas foram analisadas segundo a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Dessas análises e de suas inferências, delinearam-se quatro categorias: "(Con)fusão de papéis: o processo de deixar de ser estudante"; "Uma síndrome (in)visível: a banalização do sofrimento"; "Tornar-se médico: forjado no sofrimento"; "(Des)identificação: efeitos de um processo nada fácil". Conclusão: Os estudantes desconheciam a síndrome e não foram capazes de reconhecer os sintomas dela durante a formação. O achado significativo apontou para a sobrecarga relacionada à falta de tempo e como esta gera um processo de sofrimento nos estudantes. Acredita-se, portanto, que o processo de ensino precisa ser repensado para que os estudantes possam, de fato, aprender e apreender todos os significados que a universidade tem potencialmente a lhes oferecer.

Abstract: Introduction: Burnout syndrome has individual, social and economic impacts. The triad that represents the syndrome affects millions of workers around the world, including healthcare workers and, among them, doctors. Research points to an increase in burnout rates among doctors and residents, but little is said about the syndrome in medical students. Objective: By observing students constantly falling ill, we identified the need to understand mechanisms that can be considered triggers. Thus, we investigated how medical interns viewed Burnout Syndrome and the self-identification of symptoms. Method: We carried out qualitative case study research using a focus group as a methodological tool. Twenty-two medical students participated in this study, divided into 3 focus groups. The statements were submitted to Content Analysis. Results: From these analyses and their inferences, four categories were outlined: '(Con)fusion of roles: the process of ceasing to be a student'; 'A (in)visible syndrome: the trivialization of suffering'; 'Becoming a doctor: forged in suffering'; '(Mis)identification: effects of a far from easy process'. Conclusion: Students were unaware of the syndrome and were unable to recognize its symptoms during training. The significant finding pointed to the burden related to lack of time and how it generates a process of suffering in students. Thus, it is believed that the teaching process needs to be rethought so that students can, in fact, learn and grasp all the meanings that the University potentially has to offer.

Burnout inventory for referees (bir): psychometric properties for brazilian soccer referees / Inventário de burnout para árbitros (bir): propriedades psicométricas para árbitros brasileiros de futebol

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to analyze the psychometric measurements of the Burnout Inventory for Referees (BIR) offering validity evidence of the instrument through the analysis of its internal structure, estimating reliability indicators and comparing the total score of Burnout in referees and assistant referees. Participants were 284 soccer referees from six Brazilian states. The mean age was 31.3 years old (±6.1), being 255 male participants (89.7%), and the average experience time of the referees was 6.9 years (±5.5 years). The BIR consists of a questionnaire of 9 items, arranged on a 7 points likert scale. The result of the exploratory factor analysis pointed to one factor that explained 53.1% of the data variance. The Comparative Fit Index = 0.923 (95% CI 0.883-0.950) and Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.897 (95% CI 0.844-0.933) indicates suitability to a single-factor. There was no burnout difference between referees and assistant referees. The instrument presented a reliability index (McDonald´s omega) of 0.823. It is concluded that the factor structure of BIR´s version for Brazilian referees focuses on a single dimension that guided the development of the instrument. This result is also different from that found in other studies carried out previously using the instrument.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo é analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Burnout para Árbitros (BIR) oferecendo evidências de validade do instrumento por meio da análise de sua estrutura interna, estimando indicadores de confiabilidade e comparar o escore total de Burnout em árbitros centrais e árbitros assistentes. Participaram 284 árbitros de futebol de seis Estados brasileiros. A idade média foi 31,3 anos(±6,1), sendo 255 do sexo masculino (89,7 %) e tempo de experiência na arbitragem médio 6,9 anos (±5,5 anos). O BIR consiste em um questionário de 9 itens, dispostos em uma escala likert de 7 pontos. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória apontou para a presença de um fator que explicou 53,1% da variância dos dados. O ajuste do modelo Comparative Fit Index = 0,923 (IC de 95% 0,883-0,950) e Non-Normed Fit Index = 0,897 (IC de 95% 0,844- 0,933), indicam adequação do modelo de um fator único. Não houve diferença de burnout entre árbitros assistentes e centrais. O instrumento apresentou índice de confiabilidade ômega de McDonald = 0,823. Conclui-se que o BIR apresenta estrutura fatorial centrada na dimensão exaustão física e emocional, diferente do seu modelo inicialmente proposto, e de outros estudos realizados anteriormente com o instrumento.

WebPalestra: Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais da área da saúde

Falaremos sobre a incidência de burnout em profissionais da área da saúde, com foco em estudantes e residentes. Como pode ser identificado o problema precocemente, como o preceptor deve abordar o residente com burnoute como prevenir.

Adaptación y validación al español de la escala de Bienestar Psicológico EMMBEP en estudiantes de Enfermería / Adaptation and validation into Spanish of the EMMBEP Psychological Well-being scale in Nursing students

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por CO-VID-19 podría estar dejando secuelas de tipo psicológico en la población. Tanto el hecho esperable de una reinfección de ámbito mundial, como la distribución temporal desigual entre países, nos imponen la necesidad de estar preparados y contar con herramientas que tengan la capacidad de medir en el contexto adecuado la respuesta personal ante esta crisis. OBJETIVO: Llevar a cabo la traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación para estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería de España de la "Escala de Medida de las Manifestaciones del Bienestar Psicológico". MÉTODO: La población diana fueron los estudiantes de los cuatro cursos del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Valencia. La recogida de datos se implementó a través de un cuestionario on line dentro del protocolo @student-sONquarentine. La muestra final quedó constituida por 375 estudiantes. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: Se mantiene la estructura factorial de la escala portuguesa. KMO: 0,923; T. de Bartlett: 4552,347 (p =.000) y r de Pearson por factores entre .702 y .861. Por lo que contamos con un instrumento con criterios óptimos de validez de constructo y fiabilidad para la medida del Bienestar Psicológico en estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería en condiciones de aislamiento

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic could be leaving psychological consequences in the population, both the expected fact of a global reinfection, and the unequal temporal distribution between countries, impose on us the need to be prepared and have tools with the ability to measure in the appropriate context the personal response to this crisis. OBJECTIVE: To carry out the translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation for students of Bachelor of Nursing in Spain of the "Measurement Scale of the Manifestations of Psychological Well-being". METHOD: The target population was the students of the four courses of the Nursing Degree of the Catholic University of Valencia. Data collection was implemented through an online questionnaire within the @studentsONquarentine protocol. The final sample was made up of 375 students. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The factorial structure of the Portuguese scale is maintained. KMO: 0.923; Bartlett's T. 4552.347 (p = .000) and Pearson's r by factors between .702 and .861. Therefore, we have an instrument with optimal criteria of construct validity and reliability for the measurement of Psychological Well-being in Nursing Degree students in conditions of isolation

Validation of the maslach burnout inventory-student survey in spanish adolescents / Validación del Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey en adolescentes españoles

BACKGROUND: There are a large number of studies in the literature on burnout and its negative consequences for health and psychological wellbeing. Use of the burnout index in the academic context has increased to the point of identifying even the adolescent population. Nevertheless, at the present time there is no validated instrument for evaluating this syndrome in Spanish high school students. In view of this, our study attempted to evaluate the factor structure and reliability of the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) in a sample of high school adolescents. METHOD: The sample included 1,209 students in the autonomous region of Andalusia (Spain), of whom 47.1% were boys and 52.9% girls, with a mean age of M=15.07, SD=1.174). RESULTS: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a model with 12 items showing good fit, distributed across three factors: emotional exhaustion, cynicism and academic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the proposed instrument has an excellent factor structure and internal consistency, and is useful for evaluating academic burnout in the adolescent Spanish high school population

ANTECEDENTES: la literatura científica recoge una gran cantidad de estudios sobre el fenómeno del burnout y sus consecuencias negativas para la salud y el bienestar psicológico. El índice de burnout en el contexto académico ha aumentado, llegando incluso a identificarse en población adolescente. No obstante, actualmente no existe un instrumento validado para evaluar este síndrome en estudiantes españoles de educación secundaria. En base a lo anterior, el presente estudio pretende evaluar la estructura factorial y la fiabilidad de la versión española del Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS) en una muestra de adolescentes de educación secundaria. MÉTODO: la muestra ascendió un total de 1.209 estudiantes de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía (España) (47,1% hombres, 52,9% mujeres; edad M = 15.07 años, DT = 1.174). RESULTADOS: el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio apoyó el modelo con 12 ítems que presentó mejores niveles de ajuste, distribuidos en tres factores: agotamiento emocional, cinismo y eficacia académica. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados reflejan que el instrumento propuesto posee una óptima estructura factorial y consistencia interna, siendo útil para evaluar el burnout académico en población española adolescente de educación secundaria

Sintomatología del síndrome de burnout en deportistas: un estudio con metodología Delphi / Athletes burnout symptomatology: a Delphi methodology study / Sintomatologia da síndrome de burnout em atleta: um estudo com metodologia Delphi

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los síntomas conductuales, cognitivos y fisiológicos del síndrome de burnout en deportistas, así como conocer si existen diferencias en la percepción del síndrome de burnout entre un grupo de expertos que habían tenido algún deportista con burnout y otro que no lo había tenido. Los participantes del estudio fueron 28 expertos en Psicología del Deporte, 11 mujeres y 17 hombres (M edad = 46,75 años; DT= 10,98) a quienes se les administró tres cuestionarios semiestructurados Delphi diseñados específicamente por los investigadores. Ambos grupos destacan como síntomas conductuales: falta de adherencia al entrenamiento y bajo rendimiento deportivo; como síntomas cognitivos: desvalorización de la práctica deportiva e ideas de abandono del deporte; y como síntomas fisiológicos: tensión, y agotamiento físico. Con el acercamiento a la sintomatología característica presentada por los deportistas con el síndrome en este estudio se ha pretendido obtener una mejor comprensión del burnout en el ámbito deportivo. En función de esta información, se podrían desarrollar estrategias tanto de prevención como de intervención, dirigidas a prevenir o tratar la principal sintomatología

The aim of the current research was to increase the knowledge of the behavioural, cognitive and physiological symptoms of burnout in athletes, additionally knowing if there are differences in the perception of burnout syndrome between a group of experts who had had an athlete with burnout and another who did not have it. The study participants were 28 experts in Sports Psychology, 11 women and 17 men (M age = 46.75 years; SD = 10.98) being administered three semi-structured Delphi questionnaires specifically designed by researchers. Both groups highlight as behavioural symptoms: lack of training adherence and low sport performance; as cognitive symptoms: sport devaluation and ideas of drop out of sport; and as physiological symptoms: tension and physical exhaustion. With the approach to the characteristic symptomatology presented by athletes with the syndrome in this study, we tried to get a better understanding of burnout in the sports field. Related to this information, both prevention and intervention strategies might be developed, aimed at preventing or treating the main symptomatology

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi aumentar o conhecimento sobre os sintomas comportamentais, cognitivos e fisiológicos da síndrome de burnout em atletas, bem como saber se existem diferenças na percepção da síndrome de burnout entre um grupo de especialistas que teve um atleta com burnout e outro que não teve. Os participantes do estudo foram 28 especialistas em Psicologia do Esporte, 11 mulheres e 17 homens (idade M = 46,75 anos; DP = 10,98) que receberam três questionários Delphi semiestruturados, especificam ente projetados por pesquisadores. Ambos os grupos se destacam como sintomas comportamentais: falta de adesão ao treinamento e baixo desempenho atlético; como sintomas cognitivos: desvalorização da prática esportiva e idéias de abandono do esporte; e como sintomas fisiológicos: tensão e exaustão física. Se plantean propuestas de futuro como analizar otras variables relacionadas con el síndrome. Com a abordagem da sintomatologia característica apresentada pelos atletas com a síndrome neste estudo, procuramos obter uma melhor compreensão do burnout no campo esportivo. Com base nesta informação, estratégias de prevenção e intervenção poderiam ser desenvolvidas, visando prevenir ou tratar os principais sintomas

Síndrome de Burnout en médicos residentes de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola / Burnout syndrome in resident of the Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Burnout (SB) es un estado de agotamiento emocional, mental y físico causado por un estrés excesivo y prolongado en el área laboral. Las residencias médicas son un modelo de formación basado en el aprendizaje supervisado mientras se desarrollan actividades propias del ejercicio médico. Los residentes son particularmente vulnerables al estrés debido a que todavía no lograron en muchos casos forjar los mecanismos de adaptación necesarios para lidiar con la transformación de estudiantes a profesionales de la salud. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de SB en médicos residentes de nuestra institución con predisposición a la aparición del agotamiento emocional, la despersonalización y la falta de desarrollo profesional. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, sobre la población de médicos residentes de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola (CURF). Fueron incluidos para el estudio un total de 107 médicos residentes durante el periodo 2016-2019. El instrumento utilizado para la recolección de los datos fue el cuestionario de autollenado, anónimo y de participación voluntaria de Maslach: Burnout Inventory (MBI) RESULTADOS: Se realizaron 107 entrevistas donde se completaron las correspondientes encuestas. De este total de encuestados 34 residentes, 32% (IC95% 23,26-40,84), presentó Síndrome de Burnout en su expresión clásica, pero también se obtuvieron valores elevados en los tres dominios evaluados: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y realización personal. DISCUSIÓN: Las prevalencias de Síndrome de Burnout (SB) hallada en médicos residentes de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola son consistentes con los encontrados en otras investigaciones publicadas en la ciudad de Córdoba y otros estudios internacionales. El SB es insidioso, de difícil diagnóstico y suele ser negado por quien lo padece. CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa de prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout en médicos residentes de nuestra institución es elevada y similar la prevalencia observada en otras instituciones . (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Burnout syndrome (SB) is a state of emotional, mental and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress in the workplace. Medical residences are a training model based on supervised learning while developing activities related to medical practice. Residents are particularly vulnerable to stress because in many cases they have not yet managed to forge the adaptive mechanisms necessary to deal with the transformation of students to health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of SB in resident doctors of our institution with a predisposition to the appearance of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of professional development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on the population of resident physicians at the Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola (CURF). A total of 107 resident physicians during the 2016-2019 period were included in the study. The instrument used to collect the data was the Maslach self-filled, anonymous and voluntary participation questionnaire: Burnout Inventory (MBI) RESULTS: 107 interviews were conducted where the corresponding surveys were completed. Of this total of 34 residents surveyed, 32% (95% CI 23.26-40.84) presented Burnout Syndrome in its classic expression, but high values were also obtained in the three domains evaluated: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment. DISCUSSION: The prevalence's of Burnout Syndrome (SB) found in resident doctors of the Reina Fabiola University Clinic are consistent with those found in other research published in the city of Córdoba and other international studies. SB is insidious, difficult to diagnose and is usually denied by those who have it. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of Burnout Syndrome in resident doctors of our institution is high and the prevalence observed in other institutions is similar. (AU)

Síndrome del cuidador quemado / Caregiver burnout syndrome

Los cuidadores informales son aquellas personas que realizan todas las tareas de cuidado de las personas dependientes. Se presenta un caso clínico de una cuidadora informal con síntomas de insomnio, cansancio, ansiedad, estrés y depresión. A través de la escala de Zarit se diagnostica el síndrome del cuidador quemado. Dentro del tratamiento resulta fundamental por parte de los sanitarios instruir a estas personas en técnicas básicas para atender al individuo dependiente de forma eficaz y sin que influya negativamente en su salud. Se puede concluir que, con el envejecimiento paulatino de la población, este síndrome será cada vez más frecuente y los sanitarios deberán emplear las mejores estrategias basadas en evidencia científica para abordarlo y obtener resultados positivos en los pacientes

Informal caregivers are those people who perform all the care tasks of dependent persons. We present a clinical case of an informal caregiver presenting insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, stress, and depression. She is diagnosed with caregiver burnout syndrome using the Zarit scale. As part of the treatment, it is essential that health workers teach basic techniques to these patients to care for the dependent person efficiently and without a negative impact on their health. It can be concluded that the gradual ageing of the population will make this syndrome increasingly frequent. Health professionals will have to make use of better strategies based on scientific evidence to address this issue and to obtain positive results in patients

Burnout syndrome in university professors and academic staff members: psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Brazilian version

Abstract The aims of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory-Brazilian version (CBI-Br) in a sample of university professors and academic staff members of Brazilian public universities, to estimate the level of burnout syndrome (BS) among these workers, and to assess the associations of BS with demographic and occupational determinants of the syndrome. A total of 676 workers participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported a three-factor model with 18 items and an acceptable overall fit. Adequate convergent and discriminant validity of the CBI-Br's factors were observed, as well as adequate reliability of the instrument for the sample. In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the CBI-Br for the measurement of BS in Brazilian university professors and academic staff members. In addition, the CBI-Br may be an important tool for the diagnosis of psychosocial risks related to BS in the academic environment.

Prevalence of burnout in soccer athletes of the under-20 category over a sports season / Prevalência do burnout em atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 ao longo de uma temporada esportiva

ABSTRACT The aims of the current study were: (a) to construct a reference table for burnout in soccer athletes of the U-20 category and (b) to verify the individual oscillations in the perception of these athletes in relation to burnout over three periods of the sports season. In total, 53 U-20 soccer athletes participated. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Brazilian version, was applied to athletes during training, competition, and vacation periods of the sports season. A reference table was built for under-20 soccer athletes for each assessment period. Fluctuations were observed in the mean values of the total burnout frequency of the athletes during the 3 periods: training ( X ¯=1.35 ± 0.13 and X ¯=2.11 ± 0.19), competition ( X ¯=1.26 ± 0.13 and X ¯=2.27 ± 0.24), and vacation ( X ¯=1.27 ± 0.14 and X ¯= 2.18 ± 0.28). Based on this table and the individual classification of each athlete, it was observed that 32 athletes presented fluctuations in the perception of burnout during the sports season and 21 athletes did not present fluctuations in feelings of burnout during the three evaluation periods. The period with the highest number of athletes (n = 17) with a high level of burnout was the training period. It is concluded that it is not possible to establish a single and collective behavior regarding the fluctuations in burnout levels in athletes of the U-20 category during a sports season, and that the category reference table contributes to greater accuracy of the burnout evaluation in each period in the season.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram (a) construir uma tabela de referência para o burnout em atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 e (b) verificar as oscilações individuais na percepção destes atletas em relação ao burnout ao longo de três períodos da temporada esportiva. Participaram 53 atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20. Foi utilizado o Questionário de Burnout para Atleta nos períodos de treinamento, competição e férias durante uma temporada esportiva. Foi construída uma tabela de referência do burnout para atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 para cada período avaliado. Foram encontradas oscilações nos valores médios da frequência do burnout total dos atletas durante os 3 períodos: treinamento( X ¯=1,35±0,13 e X ¯=2,11±0,19), competição ( X ¯=1,26±0,13 e X ¯=2,27±0,24) e férias ( X ¯=1,27±0,14 e X ¯=2,18±0,28).Baseado na tabela de referência e na classificação individual de cada atleta observou-se que 32 atletas apresentaram oscilações na percepção de burnout durante a temporada esportiva e 21 atletas não apresentaram oscilações nos sentimentos de burnout ao longo dos 3 períodos de avaliação. O período que teve o maior número de atletas (n=17) com alto nível de burnout foi o de treinamento. Conclui-se que não é possível estabelecer um comportamento único e coletivo a respeito das oscilações dos níveis de burnout em atletas da categoria sub-20 durante uma temporada esportiva e que a tabela de referência da categoria contribui para uma maior acertibilidade da avaliação do burnout em cada período da temporada.

Habilidades Sociales y Síndrome de Burnout en Odontólogos del Ministerio de Salud en una región del Perú / Social Skills and Burnout Syndrome in Dentists of the Ministry of Health in a region of Peru

Resumen El objetivo fue determinar la relación de las Habilidades Sociales y el Síndrome de Burnout en Odontólogos del Ministerio de Salud. Se utilizó el método deductivo, con alcance relacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 60 odontólogos que laboran en el Ministerio de Salud de la Región Apurímac, mediante un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio estratificado por género. La técnica de recolección de la información fue por conglomerados. La prueba de hipótesis fue contrastada mediante el estadístico paramétrico de correlación de Pearson, para analizar las dos variables medidas en intervalo. El resultado obtenido fue a mayores habilidades sociales, menor es el Síndrome de Burnout en los Odontólogos del Ministerio de Salud, se obtuvo una correlación de Pearson de -0,696 con un factor de determinación de 0,675. Se concluye que existe asociación inversamente proporcional entre las Habilidades Sociales y el Síndrome de Burnout en profesionales de la odontología. Por otro lado las habilidades sociales están asociadas inversamente proporcional a la dimensión cansancio o agotamiento emocional, así como también a la dimensión despersonalización del Síndrome de Burnout; por otro lado las habilidades sociales no están asociadas con la dimensión relación personal del Síndrome de Burnout.

Abstract The objective was to determine the relationship of Social Skills and Burnout Syndrome in Dentists of the Ministry of Health. The deductive method was used, with relational scope. The sample consisted of 60 Dentists working in the Ministry of Health of the Apurimac Region, by means of a random probabilistic sampling stratified by gender. The information gathering technique was by clusters. The hypothesis test was checked by means of the Pearson parametric correlation statistic, to analyze the two variables measured in interval. The result was higher social skills, the lower the Burnout Syndrome in the Dentists of the Ministry of Health, a Pearson correlation of -0.696 was obtained with a determination factor of 0.675. It is concluded that there is an inversely proportional association between Social Skills and Burnout Syndrome in dentistry professionals. On the other hand, social skills are associated inversely proportional to the fatigue or emotional exhaustion dimension, as well as to the depersonalization dimension of Burnout Syndrome; on the other hand social skills are not associated with the personal relationship dimension of Burnout Syndrome