X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia management with removable prosthesis in a pediatric patient: case report / Manejo de displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica ligada al cromosoma X con prótesis removible en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso

Introduction: Ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder that affects structures derived from ectoderm such as teeth, hair, nails, and sweat glands. Oligodontia is a common finding that affects the chewing, smiling and self- esteem of these pediatric patients. Case Report: We present a case report of a 7-years-old pediatric patient who consulted with his mother, showing the same condition. The intervention consisted of a removable prosthesis with satisfactory results. Conclusion: The X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia represents a challenge for a pediatric dentist who offers rehabilitation to the patient according to craniofacial development, age, socioeconomic status, and the number of missing teeth.

Introducción: La oligodoncia es un hallazgo común que afecta la masticación, la sonrisa y la autoestima de estos pacientes pediátricos. Case Report: Presentamos un reporte de caso de un paciente pediátrico de 7 años que consultó con su madre presentando la misma condición. La intervención consistió en una prótesis de remoción con resultados satisfactorios. Conclusión: La displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica ligada al cromosoma X representa un desafío para un odontopediatra que ofrece rehabilitación al paciente de acuerdo con el desarrollo craneofacial, la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y el número de dientes faltantes.

Anomalías dentales en personas con discapacidad / Dental Anomalies in People with Disabilities

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la odontogénesis se pueden producir malformaciones congénitas que afectan la forma, el número, el tamaño, la estructura, la posición, el color y la erupción de los dientes. En las personas con discapacidades como parálisis cerebral, trastorno del desarrollo intelectual, síndrome de Down y trastorno del espectro autista, pueden presentarse variedad de anomalías dentales. Objetivo: Describir las anomalías dentales en las condiciones de discapacidad de parálisis cerebral, trastorno del desarrollo intelectual, síndrome de Down y trastorno del espectro autista. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Clinical Key, Medline, Dialnet y SciELO. Se aplicó la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Análisis e integración de la información: Posterior al proceso de lectura y análisis de la información, se recuperaron 800 artículos de las bases de datos, se eliminaron 590 por encontrarse repetidos. Luego de la discriminación, quedaron para revisar 210, a estos restantes se hizo la revisión de texto completo. Se eliminaron 193 no hacían referencia a anomalías dentales y/o a los trastornos o síndromes. De los 17 restantes, solo 15 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Conclusiones: No se encontraron diferencias para afirmar que algunas de las anomalías y alteraciones presentadas correspondan de manera individual a cada tipo de discapacidad. Sin embargo, el síndrome de Down presenta anomalías dentales relacionadas al estado del paciente. La parálisis cerebral reporta otros hallazgos como bruxismo, debido al deficiente desarrollo muscular, lo que afecta la cavidad bucal y sus estructuras(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: During odontogenesis, congenital malformations can occur that affect teeth shape, number, size, structure, position, color and eruption. In people with disabilities such as cerebral palsy, intellectual development disorder, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder, a variety of dental abnormalities can occur. Objective: To describe dental anomalies in such disability conditions as cerebral palsy, intellectual development disorder, Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A bibliographic search was performed in the databases Clinical Key, Medline, Dialnet and SciELO. The PRISMA checklist was applied. Information analysis and integration: After reading and analyzing the information, 800 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which 590 were deleted because they were repeated. After the discrimination, 210 were pending to review; the remaining ones were reviewed full-text. 193 were deleted because they did not do any reference to dental anomalies and/or disorders or syndromes. Of the remaining 17, only 15 met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: No differences were found to affirm that some of the anomalies and alterations presented correspond individually to each type of disability. However, Down syndrome has dental abnormalities related to patient condition. Cerebral palsy coincides with other findings such as bruxism, due to poor muscle development, which affects the oral cavity and its structures(AU)

Disostosis cleidocraneal a tres años de tratamiento ortopédico / Cleidocraneal dysostosis at three years of orthopedic treatment

Introducción: La disostosis cleidocraneal es un trastorno genético raro con patrón hereditario. Sus rasgos patognomónicos son la aplasia clavicular, fontanelas y suturas abiertas, múltiples anomalías dentales. Su origen se relaciona con alteraciones en el gen RUNX2, importante para la síntesis de CBFA1, que a su vez funciona como un conformador óseo y un diferenciador de osteoblastos. Caso clínico: Paciente de 11 años con características clínicas de CCD, se corroboran los antecedentes genéticos hereditarios y alteraciones dentales relacionados con disostosis cleidocraneal. Resultado: A tres años de tratamiento se observa mejor definición facial, la erupción de piezas permanentes retenidas y mejor función masticatoria. Conclusión: Mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente con tratamientos interceptivos y el conocimiento de las alteraciones causadas por el síndrome, así como el trabajo interdisciplinario (AU)

Introduction: Cleidocranial dysostosis is a rare genetic disorder with a hereditary pattern. Its pathognomonic features are clavicular aplasia, fontanelles and open sutures, multiple dental anomalies. Its origin is related to alterations in the RUNX2 gene, important for the synthesis of CBFA1, which in turn functions as a bone conformer and an osteoblast differentiator. Clinical case: Patient with eleven years old with clinical characteristics of CCD, hereditary genetic background, and dental alterations related to cleidocranial dysostosis are corroborated. Result: After three years of treatment, the facial definition is better, the eruption of permanent pieces retained and better chewing function. Conclusion: Improve the quality of life of the patient with interceptive treatments and the knowledge of the alterations caused by the syndrome, as well as the interdisciplinary work (AU)

Prevalência de anomalias dentárias em radiografias panorâmicas / Prevalence of dental anomalies in panoramic radiographies / Prevalencias de anomalías dentales en radiografías panorámicas

Introdução: As anomalias de desenvolvimento dentário ocorrem devido a distúrbios que acontecem durante a formação e a diferenciação celular. Dentre as radiografias odontológicas, a panorâmica se destaca por ser um exame radiográfico mais abrangente, que auxilia no diagnóstico e no planejamento terapêutico dos processos patológicos dos dentes e dos ossos da face. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é determinar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes em tratamento no Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá-CE e no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas de Quixeramobim-CE. Métodos: A análise radiográfica foi realizada por um único pesquisador e os achados radiográficos foram escritos em uma ficha devidamente desenvolvida para este estudo. Resultados: Foram analisadas 500 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes que possuíam entre 5 e 50 anos de idade. Desses, 67% (n=333) pertenciam ao sexo feminino e 33% (n=167) ao masculino. Foi encontrado um total de 1150 anomalias, correspondentes a: dentes não irrompidos 41,7% (n=480), giroversão 24,4% (n=281), dilaceração radicular 20,3% (n=234), microdontia 6,7% (n=77), agenesia 3,9% (n=45), dentes supranumerários 2,4% (n=28), taurodontia 0,3% (n=4) e a macrodontia 0,1% (n=1). As radiografias também foram divididas pelo tipo de arcada ocorrendo 48% (n=307) na maxila e 52% (n=330), na mandíbula. As anomalias dentárias hiperplasiantes foram encontradas em 2,9% (n=33) da amostra, as hipoplasiantes em 10,6% (n=122) e as heterotópicas em 86,5% (n=995). Desta forma conclui-se que na população estudada a maior prevalência correspondeu ao sexo feminino, à anomalia de desenvolvimento heterotópica e ao dente não irrompido(AU)

Introduction: Dental developmental anomalies occur due to disorders that occur during formation and cell differentiation. Among the dental radiographs, the panoramic view stands out as a more comprehensive radiographic examination, which assists in the diagnosis and therapeutic planning of the pathological processes of teeth and facial bones. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in panoramic radiographs of patients undergoing treatment at the Catholic University of Quixadá-CE and the Quixeramobim-CE Center for Dental Specialties. Methods: The radiographic analysis was performed by a single investigator and the radiographic findings were written in a form properly developed for this study. Results: 500 panoramic radiographs were analyzed of patients who were between 5 and 50 years of age. Of these, 67% (n = 333) were female and 33% (n = 167) were male. A total of 1150 anomalies were found, corresponding to: unbroken teeth 41.7% (n = 480), rotation 24.4% (n = 281), root laceration 20.3% (n = 234), microdontia 6, 7% (n = 77), agenesis 3.9% (n = 45), supernumerary teeth 2.4% (n = 28), taurodontia 0.3% (n = 4) and macrodontia 0.1% = 1). The radiographs were also divided by the type of arcade occurring 48% (n = 307) in the maxilla and 52% (n = 330), in the mandible. Hyperplastic dental anomalies were found in 2.9% (n = 33) of the sample, hypoplastic in 10.6% (n = 122) and heterotopic in 86.5% (n = 995). In this way, it was concluded that in the population studied the greatest predominance was female gender, the anomaly of heterotopic development and the non-erupted tooth(AU)

Introducción: Las anomalías de desarrollo dentario ocurren debido a disturbios que ocurren durante la formación y la diferenciación celular. Entre las radiografías dentales, la panorámica se destaca por ser un examen radiográfico más amplio, que auxilia en el diagnóstico y en la planificación terapéutica de los procesos patológicos de los dientes y de los huesos de la cara. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia de anomalías dentales en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes en tratamiento en el Centro Universitario Católica de Quixadá-CE y en el Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas de Quixeramobim-CE. Métodos: El análisis radiográfico fue realizado por un único investigador y los hallazgos radiográficos fueron escritos en una ficha debidamente desarrollada para este estudio. Resultados: Se analizaron 500 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes que tenían entre 5 y 50 años de edad. De ellos, el 67% (n = 333) pertenecía al sexo femenino y el 33% (n = 167) al masculino. Se ha encontrado un total de 1150 anomalías, correspondientes a: dientes no irrompidos 41,7% (n = 480), giroversión 24,4% (n = 281), dilaceración radicular 20,3% (n = 234), microdoncia 6, (N = 28), agonismo 3,9% (n = 45), dientes supernumerarios 2,4% (n = 28), taurodoncia 0,3% (n = 4) y la macrodoncia 0,1% (n = = 1). Las radiografías también fueron divididas por el tipo de arcada ocurriendo 48% (n = 307) en la mandíbula y 52% (n = 330), en la mandíbula. Las anomalías dentales hiperplasitivas se encontraron en el 2,9% (n = 33) de la muestra, las hipoplasiantes en el 10,6% (n = 122) y las heterotópicas en el 86,5% (n = 995). De esta forma se concluye que en la población estudiada las mayores predominancias correspondieron al sexo femenino, a la anomalía de desarrollo heterotópica y al diente no irrompido(AU)

Reabilitação com coroas metal free em dentes anteriores traumatizados e com rizogênese incompleta: relato de caso / Rehabilitation with metal free crowns in traumatized anterior teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis: case report

Objetivo: rizogênese incompleta refere-se a dentes permanentes em que não houve a formação completa do ápice radicular, ocasionando perda da vitalidade pulpar e, consequentemente, incapacidade da bainha epitelial de Hertwig para induzir a formação completa da raiz. Devido ao traumatismo e escurecimento dental, se faz necessário em certos casos a confecção de coroas em porcelana pura para reabilitar a paciente em estética e função. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar um caso de reabilitação estética e funcional em dente com rizogênese incompleta, onde se consideraram as perdas estruturais e alteração de cor, para que seja possível estabelecer o tratamento mais adequado. Relato de caso: paciente de 16 anos, gênero feminino, atendida na Clínica de Odontologia de uma instituição privada, insatisfeita com a estética do seu dente devido ao escurecimento do elemento 21, pois quando tinha 5 anos o dente foi traumatizado juntamente com o elemento 11. O plano de tratamento adotado para ambos os elementos foi a confecção de peças protéticas em porcelana e cimentação. Considerações finais: esse caso demonstrou que a confecção de coroas estéticas em porcelana é considerada uma boa conduta na rotina clínica em casos de escurecimento dental, devolvendo estética e função para o paciente.(AU)

Objective: incomplete rhizogenesis refers to permanent teeth with incomplete formation of the root apex, causing loss of pulp vitality and the consequent inability of the Hertwig epithelial sheath to induce complete root formation. Due to dental trauma and darkening, some cases require the production of pure porcelain crowns to rehabilitate the aesthetics and function of patients. The present study aims to show a case of aesthetic and functional rehabilitation in a tooth with incomplete rhizogenesis, in which structural losses and color change were considered to establish the most appropriate treatment. Case report: a 16-year-old female patient treated at the Dental Clinic of a private institution. The patient was not satisfied with the aesthetics of her tooth due to the darkening of element 21, because at 5 years old the tooth was traumatized along with element 11. The treatment used for both elements was the production of prosthetic porcelain crowns and cementation. Final considerations: this case showed that the production of aesthetic porcelain crowns is considered a good conduct in the clinical routine in cases of tooth darkening, returning aesthetics and function to the patient.(AU)

Manejo clínico del talón cuspídeo en bebés: reporte de un caso / Clinical management of talon cusp in babies: report of a case

El talón cuspídeo es considerado como una rara anomalía de desarrollo de los dientes anteriores. Si bien afecta a ambas denticiones, suele darse con mayor frecuencia en la permanente. Esta anomalía de desarrollo puede causar problemas estéticos, dificultad en la higiene con el consecuente riesgo de caries y gingivitis, interferencias oclusales, entre otros. Por lo que el diagnóstico temprano y su tratamiento oportuno resultan de fundamental importancia. Se reporta un caso donde se describe el manejo clínico de un bebé de 16 meses de vida con talón cuspídeo sobre la superficie palatina de los incisivos centrales superiores y caries (AU)

Talon cusp is a rare developmental dental anomaly of the anterior teeth. While it may affect both dentitions, talon cusp occurs more frequently in permanent than in primary dentition. This developmental anomaly may cause esthetic problems, difficulties of oral hygiene hence favoring the development of caries and gingivitis, occlusal interferences, among others. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are of the utmost importance. The present case report describes the clinical management of a 16-month old baby with talon cusp on the palatine surface of maxillary central incisors together with carious lesion (AU)

Talón cuspídeo en incisivo central superior y tratamiento endodóntico integral: informe de caso clínico / Talon cusp in maxillary central incisor and comprehensive endodontic treatment: report of a case

Objetivo: describir el tratamiento endodóntico integral de un incisivo central superior con una anomalía inusual de talón cuspídeo y su posterior rehabilitación. Caso clínico: se presenta un incisivo central superior con talón cuspídeo, fracturado por un odontólogo en un intento de extracción, al ser confundido con un diente supernumerario en la cara palatina, con sintomatología dolorosa. Al análisis con cone beam, se observan dos conductos radiculares, uno de ellos perteneciente a la cúspide anómala y con tejido necrótico en su interior y la pulpa del conducto principal inflamada. Se realiza tratamiento endodóntico con sistema WaveOne Gold de cada conducto radicular y obturación con técnica híbrida. Posteriormente, se hacen los desgastes selectivos de acuerdo a la oclusión del paciente y la reconstrucción con resinas, con inicio de terapia ortodóntica, para su rehabilitación. Conclusiones: en un tratamiento endodóntico, siempre deben considerarse las diversas anomalías anatómicas de los dientes.

Tratamento de malformações do esmalte dentário (hipoplasia de esmalte) através de laminados cerâmicos / Treatment of dental enamel malformations (enamel hypoplasia) with ceramic laminates

O esmalte dentário é o único tecido duro que não apresenta remodelação. Qualquer distúrbio que ocorra durante o processo de desenvolvimento e maturação do esmalte resulta em anomalias neste tecido. A hipoplasia do esmalte pode ser consequência de eventos sistêmicos, traumáticos, ambientais ou genéticos. De acordo com o grau de severidade desta anomalia, vários protocolos de tratamento podem ser realizados em restaurações estéticas diretas e laminados ou coroas unitárias, como clareamento, microabrasão e mega-abrasão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a condução de avaliação e tratamento de um caso clínico de hipoplasia de esmalte de uma paciente que mostrava insatisfação com tamanho e cor dos dentes anteriores. Foi realizada como resolução clínica a gengivoplastia e laminados cerâmicos nos dentes anteriores superiores.

The dental enamel is the only hard tissue that does not remodel itself. Any disorder that occurs during the enamel development and maturation process results in tissue abnormalities. Enamel hypoplasia may be a consequence of systemic, traumatic, environmental or genetic events. According to the degree of severity of this anomaly, several treatment protocols can be perfomed, from bleaching, microabrasion, megaabrasion, direct aesthetic restorations and laminates or single crows. The aim of this work is to present a clinical case of enamel hypoplasia of a patient who reported dissatisfaction with the size and color of the teeth. For this, gingivoplasty and ceramic laminates were performed on the upper anterior teeth.

Dental anomalies in an orthodontic patient population with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis

ABSTRACT Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a subpopulation of orthodontic patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (MLI). Methods: The material of the present study included the records of the 1964 orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze other associated eight dental anomalies, including agenesis of other teeth, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, peg shaped MLI, taurodontism, pulp stone, root dilaceration and maxillary canine impaction. Results: Out of the 1964 patients examined, 90 were found to have agenesis of MLI, representing a prevalence of 4.6%. The most commonly found associated-anomalies were agenesis of other teeth (23.3%), peg-shaped MLIs (15.6%), taurodontism (42.2%), and dilacerated teeth (18.9%). Conclusion: Permanent tooth agenesis, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor, and root dilacerations are frequently associated with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em uma subpopulação de pacientes ortodônticos com agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores (ILS). Material e Métodos: o material do presente estudo incluiu os registros de 1964 pacientes ortodônticos. Radiografias panorâmicas e modelos de estudo foram usados para analisar outras anomalias dentárias associadas, incluindo a agenesia de outros dentes, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, ILS conoides, taurodontismo, calcificação pulpar, dilaceração radicular e impacção do canino superior. Resultados: dos 1964 pacientes examinados, constatou-se que 90 tinham agenesia do ILS, o que representa uma prevalência de 4,6%. As anomalias associadas mais comumente encontradas foram a agenesia de outros dentes (23,3%), ILS conoides (15,6%), taurodontismo (42,2%) e dentes com dilaceração (18,9%). Conclusão: a agenesia de dentes permanentes, o taurodontismo, incisivos laterais superiores conoides e dilaceração radicular estão frequentemente associados à agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores.

Dental anomalies in an orthodontic patient population with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

INTRODUCTION:: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental anomalies in a subpopulation of orthodontic patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (MLI). METHODS:: The material of the present study included the records of the 1964 orthodontic patients. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were used to analyze other associated eight dental anomalies, including agenesis of other teeth, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, peg shaped MLI, taurodontism, pulp stone, root dilaceration and maxillary canine impaction. RESULTS:: Out of the 1964 patients examined, 90 were found to have agenesis of MLI, representing a prevalence of 4.6%. The most commonly found associated-anomalies were agenesis of other teeth (23.3%), peg-shaped MLIs (15.6%), taurodontism (42.2%), and dilacerated teeth (18.9%). CONCLUSION:: Permanent tooth agenesis, taurodontism, peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor, and root dilacerations are frequently associated with maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

Oral findings and dental treatment in a child with Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), also known as Williams syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder involving cardiovascular problems, mental retardation, distinctive facial features and tooth anomalies. It is caused by the submicroscopic deletion of 1.5 to 1.8 Mb on chromosome 7q11.23. This paper reports the dental care to a 7-year-old child with WBS syndrome. The interview also revealed visual impairment, sensorineural hearing loss, hyperacusis, photophobia and hoarse voice. The intraoral clinical examination showed anterior open bite, tongue thrusting, excessive interdental spacing, enamel hypomineralization of the incisors, hypoplasia and caries lesions. The dental treatment included: modulating sessions to control aversion to noises, the photophobia, and the dental fear and anxiety because of his reduced visual acuity; oral hygiene instructions, dietary and daily use of a 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash; the permanent mandibular left first molar was treated endodontically, and maxillary and mandibular first molars were restored with amalgam. Due to the patient's heart defect, a prophylactic antibiotic regimen was prescribed prior to the dental procedures. This patient has been followed up for 4 years and this case report underscores the importance of early dental evaluation and counseling for parents of WBS patients.

Oral Findings and Dental Treatment in a Child with Williams-Beuren Syndrome

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), also known as Williams syndrome, is a rare congenital disorder involving cardiovascular problems, mental retardation, distinctive facial features and tooth anomalies. It is caused by the submicroscopic deletion of 1.5 to 1.8 Mb on chromosome 7q11.23. This paper reports the dental care to a 7-year-old child with WBS syndrome. The interview also revealed visual impairment, sensorineural hearing loss, hyperacusis, photophobia and hoarse voice. The intraoral clinical examination showed anterior open bite, tongue thrusting, excessive interdental spacing, enamel hypomineralization of the incisors, hypoplasia and caries lesions. The dental treatment included: modulating sessions to control aversion to noises, the photophobia, and the dental fear and anxiety because of his reduced visual acuity; oral hygiene instructions, dietary and daily use of a 0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash; the permanent mandibular left first molar was treated endodontically, and maxillary and mandibular first molars were restored with amalgam. Due to the patient's heart defect, a prophylactic antibiotic regimen was prescribed prior to the dental procedures. This patient has been followed up for 4 years and this case report underscores the importance of early dental evaluation and counseling for parents of WBS patients.

A Síndrome de Williams-Beuren (SWB), também conhecida como síndrome de Williams, consiste em uma desordem congêntica rara a qual apresenta problemas cardiovasculares, retardo mental, alterações faciais e anomalias dentárias. É causada pela microdeleção de 1,5 a 1,8 Mb no cromossomo 7q11.23. Este trabalho relata o tratamento odontológico de uma criança de 7 anos com a síndrome. Durante a anamnese constatou-se deficiência visual, perda auditiva neurossensorial, hiperacusia, fotofobia e voz rouca. O exame clínico intra-oral revelou mordida aberta anterior, deglutição atípica, espaçamento interdental excessivo, hipomineralização dos incisivos, hipoplasia e lesões de cárie. O tratamento dentário incluiu: sessões de condicionamento comportamental afim de controlar a aversão a ruídos, a fotofobia e o medo e a ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico, provocadas principalmente por sua reduzida acuidade visual; instruções de higiene oral, dieta e uso diário de bochechos de fluoreto de sódio a 0,05%; endodontia do primeiro molar permanente inferior esquerdo e restaurações de amálgama nos primeiros molares superiores e inferiores. Devido ao defeito cardíaco do paciente, antibioticoterapia profilática foi realizada antes dos atendimentos odontológicos. Este paciente está em acompanhamento há 4 anos e este relato ressalta a importância da avaliação odontológica precoce e do aconselhamento aos pais dos pacientes com SWB.

Carillas de composite como alternativa a carillas cerámicas en el tratamiento de anomalías dentarias: reporte de un caso / Composite veneers as an alternative to ceramic veneers in the treatment of dental anomalies: case report

Las anomalías dentarias de forma y tamaño son alteraciones anatómicas frecuentes que comprometen la estética del sector anterior. Existen distintos abordajes para tratar esta alteración morfológica. El procedimiento con mayor demanda es la restauración con carillas estéticas, cuyos materiales de elección son la cerámica en el caso de restauraciones indirectas y resinas compuestas en el caso de las restauraciones directas. La cerámica conserva propiedades físicas y estéticas que la convierten en la primera opción; sin embargo, las resinas compuestas se convirtieron en una alternativa confiable. Se presenta a consulta paciente con inconformidad estética. Al examen intraoral se observan órganos dentarios 12 y 22 en forma de espiga, se observan diastemas en el maxilar superior, sector anterior. Se propuso como plan de tratamiento la restauración estética del sector anterosuperior con carillas en resina compuesta empleando preformas plásticas. El objetivo del presente caso es la descripción del tratamiento restaurador estético realizado con resinas compuestas, empleando cofias preformadas.

The tooth anomalies of size and shape are common anatomical alterations involving the aesthetics of the anterior sector. There are different approaches to address this morphological alteration. The procedure most in demand is restoration with veneers, with the materials of choice in this case being indirect ceramic restorations and direct composite resin restorations. The ceramic preserves physical and aesthetic properties that make it the first choice, but composite resins are becoming a reliable alternative. The case of a patient is presented who consulted with aesthetic anomalies. In the intraoral examination 2 pin-shaped dental organs 12 and 22 are observed, as well as diastemas in the maxilla, in the anterior sector. A proposed treatment plan was cosmetic restoration of anterior-superior sector with composite resin veneers using plastic preforms. The aim of the present case is to describe the aesthetic restorative treatment performed using composite resin copings.

Manejo clínico de la mancha negra en odontología / Clinical Management of black stains in dentistry

El propósito del presente artículo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica y presentación de casos de una entidad clínica poco conocida que se presenta con mucha frecuencia en la práctica clínica odontopediátrica llamada mancha negra. La mancha negra es un tipo de tinción cromógena que se observa en la cavidad oral como pigmentaciones negras sobre los dientes, causando una gran preocupación en los pacientes y en los padres de família. Estas pigmentaciones son de origen extrínseco, cuya causa se debe a la presencia de bacterias cromógenas en la saliva del sujeto y son eliminadas mediante una limpieza profesional; luego de ser eliminadas de las superfícies de los dientes estas manchas vuelven a reaparecer. Así mismo presentamos 2 casos clínicos de pacientes con mancha negra donde se puede observar la secuencia cómo estas manchas, después de un período de tiempo tienden reaparecer.

The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review of a little known clinical entity that occurs frequently in the clinical practice of pediatric dentistry called black stain. The black stain is a type of chromogenic staining observed in the oral cavity as black pigmentation on the teeth, causing great concern for patients and parents. These pigmentations are of extrinsic origin, the cause is due to the presence of chromogenic bacteria in the saliva of the subject and can be removed by a professional cleaning, which after being removed from the surfaces of these teeth stains reappear. We present 2 cases of patients with black stains where you can see the sequence of how these stains after being removed after a period of time tend to reappear.

Interleukin-1ß +3954 polymorphisms and risk of external apical root resorption in orthodontic treatment: a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether genetic variants of the interleukin-1ß[+3954 C>T (rs1143634)] (IL-1ß +3954 C>T) gene polymorphisms were associated with orthodontic external apical root resorption (EARR). A meta-analysis was carried out using data entered into the PubMed and Embase electronic databases before October 5, 2012. A total of 7 studies were identified for meta-analysis. The strength of the relationship between IL-1ß +3954 C>T polymorphism and the risk of EARR was assessed using odds ratio (OR). The studies provided overall OR estimates for EARR. Overall, the variant genotypes (CC and CT) of the IL-1ß +3954 C>T polymorphism were unassociated with EARR risk compared with the TT homozygote [CC vs TT, OR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.27-6.08; CT vs TT, OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.11-5.02]. Similarly, no associations were found in the dominant and recessive models (dominant model, OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.24-4.86; recessive model, OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 0.87-3.93). No publication bias was found, and no association was apparent between the IL-1ß +3954 C>T polymorphism and risk of EARR in orthodontic treatment patients. Further multicenter and better-controlled studies are required to confirm these findings.

Double root anatomical variations in a single patient: endodontic treatment and rehabilitation of a three-rooted first premolar: case report / Variaciones anatómicas de raíces dobles en un solo paciente: tratamiento endodóntico y rehabilitación de un primer premolar trirradicular: reporte de caso

Abnormal interaction between oral epithelium and underlying mesenchematic tissue during odontogenesis could result in teeth with an anatomical variation. First maxilar premolar has such variable root canal morphology. However, (0.2-6% of cases) a three-rooted premolar is particularly uncommon. First mandibular premolar frequently has one root and one single canal (75% of cases), however, a tooth with two canals and two separate roots could be found (19.5-22.5%). Execution of an accurate diagnosis of root canal system is essential to perform a successful endodontic treatment and tooth rehabilitation. This article describes diagnosis, endodontic treatment and rehabilitation (means single crown) of a maxillary three-rooted and three-canal first premolar, and a non-endodontically treated mandibular first premolar with two canals and two independent roots in a single patient.

La interacción anormal entre el epitelio oral y el tejido mesenquimático subyacente durante la odontogénesis puede resultar en la formación de un diente con una variación anatómica. El primer premolar maxilar posee una anatomía relativamente variable, sin embargo, es especialmente poco frecuente (0,2% a 6% de los casos) la presencia de este diente con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares. El primer premolar mandibular posee frecuentemente una raíz y un canal radicular (75% de los casos) y es bastante más infrecuente encontrar este diente con dos raíces y dos canales radiculares (19.5 a 22.5%). Un diagnóstico acabado y preciso de es fundamental para lograr un exitoso tratamiento de endodoncia y posterior rehabilitación. Este artículo describe el diagnóstico, tratamiento de endodoncia y rehabilitación (mediante prótesis fija singular) de un primer premolar maxilar con tres raíces y tres canales radiculares, además el reporte de un caso de un primer premolar mandibular biradicular con dos canales radiculares. Ambos se presentan en un mismo paciente.

Multidisciplinary approach to the establishment and maintenance of an esthetic smile: a 9-year follow-up case report.

In addition to providing functionality to patients, contemporary dentistry strives for esthetic excellence. Patients with anterior impairments, such as shape, size, and position alterations, have compromised smile harmony. A multidisciplinary orthodontic-operative dentistry approach has improved the treatment of these patients, since the use of orthodontic appliances in association with direct composite restorations can solve many esthetic problems. Although this treatment strategy is rather widespread, professional skills are necessary for the correct reproduction of the main features of teeth. Moreover, treatment success is directly related to its longevity. With the aid of a 9-year follow-up case report, a simple direct technique associated with an orthodontic treatment for restoring the esthetic appearance of an impaired smile, with good short- and long-term outcomes, based on minimal but essential esthetic repair interventions is discussed. Such coordinated treatment proved to be effective for the establishment and maintenance of an esthetic and pleasant smile.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of a child with Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome.

The purpose of this paper was to report the case of a 6-year-old male patient who was clinically diagnosed as having Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome-a variant of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by dysplastic disorders of the skin, hair, and nails associated with cleft lip and/or palate. The patient exhibited only the primary maxillary and mandibular canines bilaterally. Restorative treatment was performed on all primary canines, followed by aquisition of maxillary and mandibular impressions for fabrication of acrylic removable partial dentures with circumferential clasps on the primary canines. The dentures allowed recovery of the vertical dimension and excellent esthetics. Hypodontia of several teeth associated with ectodermal dysplasia, as in this case involving Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome, causes several functional and esthetic alterations. These disorders should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to restore the normal function, allow adequate mastication and speech, enhance esthetics, and, consequently, promote the patient's self-esteem and social integration.