RESUMEN
CONTEXT: The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a pandemic currently presenting as one of South Africa's largest health challenges. Within the pediatric population, hearing plays a vital role in appropriate speech, language and scholastic development; therefore, unidentified and untreated otologic manifestations require exploration in this population. AIM: The current study aimed to identify recorded otological manifestations in pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS attending an HIV/AIDS clinic in Johannesburg. METHOD: A qualitative retrospective record review design was adopted where data were collected from 100 medical records from a pediatric HIV/AIDS clinic in a public hospital in Johannesburg. Data were analyzed using qualitative statistical measures. RESULTS: Findings revealed that almost half (43%) of the sample presented with otological manifestations. Otitis media 15 (15%) and otorrhea 15 (15%) were the most common manifestations. A few (only 7%) of the participants with otological manifestations were referred to Audiologists and/or Ear, Nose and Throat Specialists (ENTs) for assessment and management. CONCLUSIONS: Current findings raise important implications for the clinical assessment and management of pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS, for the role of all team members, and for the importance of early detection and intervention of these manifestations in this population group where speech-language development is still occurring and where successful learning at school is still key.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Otitis Media/virología , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Retrospectivos , SudáfricaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades del Oído , Oído Externo , Herpes Simple , Úlcera , Valaciclovir/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Biopsia/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades del Oído/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Oído/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Oído/terapia , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Oído Externo/patología , Oído Externo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpes Simple/fisiopatología , Humanos , Manejo de Atención al Paciente , Resultado del Tratamiento , Úlcera/patología , Úlcera/terapia , Úlcera/virologíaRESUMEN
Verruca vulgaris is commonly seen on the hands, feet, and face, but rarely in the external auditory canal. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with a huge papillary mass filling the entire external auditory canal, with destruction of the posterior canal wall and excavation into the mastoid bone. We performed en bloc resection of the whole region affected by verruca vulgaris, including the external auditory canal, mastoid skin, and tympanic membrane using canal wall-down mastoidectomy plus meatoplasty. There was no evidence of recurrence 12 months postoperatively. Complete surgical removal by mastoidectomy is a promising option for wide-spread verruca vulgaris in the external auditory canal.
Asunto(s)
Conducto Auditivo Externo/cirugía , Enfermedades del Oído/cirugía , Apófisis Mastoides/cirugía , Mastoidectomía/métodos , Verrugas/cirugía , Conducto Auditivo Externo/virología , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Apófisis Mastoides/virología , Persona de Mediana EdadAsunto(s)
Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Diterpenos/administración & dosificación , Pabellón Auricular/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades del Oído/tratamiento farmacológico , Verrugas/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Biopsia , Pabellón Auricular/patología , Pabellón Auricular/virología , Enfermedades del Oído/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inducción de Remisión , Resultado del Tratamiento , Verrugas/diagnóstico , Verrugas/virologíaRESUMEN
A 5-y-old, intact, 2.5-kg female domestic rabbit was presented because of blood spatter on the wall of its cage and the toenails of its right hind limb. Physical examination revealed a red, gelatinous mass that spanned the width of the right vertical ear canal. Radiographic images revealed a soft-tissue opacity at the base of the right ear, which was superimposed over the tympanic bulla and extended to the pinna. A CT scan revealed that the soft-tissue mass was within the vertical and horizontal portions of the right external ear canal and extended to the level of the tympanic membrane, with no bony involvement. An incisional biopsy of the mass and subsequent histopathology revealed heterophilic inflammation with bacteria, necrosis, and no evidence of neoplasia. The patient died during anesthesia for removal of the mass at 1 mo after the initial presentation. Necropsy with histopathology of the mass was consistent with Shope fibroma virus in light of the presence of typical intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions. Electron microscopy of paraffin-embedded tissue revealed electron-dense intracytoplasmic structures within neoplastic cells consistent with the diagnosis of Leporipoxvirus. To our knowledge, this report is the first description of Shope fibroma virus invading the external ear canal of a domestic rabbit. Given the results of this case, Shope fibroma should be considered in rabbits presenting with abnormal tissue in the ear canal.
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Enfermedades del Oído/veterinaria , Virus del Fibroma del Conejo/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Poxviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Animales , Animales , Conducto Auditivo Externo/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Infecciones por Poxviridae/patología , Conejos , Radiografía/veterinaria , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/veterinaria , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/diagnóstico , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/patología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/transmisiónRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Zoonoses are infections transmitted from animal to man, either directly (through direct contact or contact with animal products) or indirectly (through an intermediate vector, such as an arthropod). The causative agents include bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi. The purpose of this review is to make an accurate examination of all zoonotic diseases that can be responsible of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) involvement. METHODOLOGY: A PubMed search was performed combining the terms (otorhinolaryngology OR rhinology OR laryngology OR otology OR mastoiditis OR otitis OR sinusitis OR laryngitis OR rhinitis OR pharyngitis OR epiglottitis OR dysphonia OR ear OR larynx OR nose OR pharynx) with each one of the etiological agents of zoonoses for the period between January 1997 and August 2012 without language restrictions. RESULTS: A total of 164 articles were selected and examined. Larynx was the most commonly involved ENT organ, followed by oral cavity, pharynx, and neck. Bacteria were the most representative microorganisms involved. Nose and major salivary glands were affected most frequently by protozoa; paranasal sinus, oral cavity, ear, neck, nerves and upper airway by bacteria; and larynx by fungi. CONCLUSIONS: ENT symptoms and signs may be present in many zoonotic diseases, some of which are also present in industrialized countries. Most zoonotic diseases are not commonly encountered by ENT specialists. Appreciation of the possible occurrence of these diseases is important for a correct microbiological approach, which often requires special culture media and diagnostic techniques.
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Enfermedades del Oído/epidemiología , Enfermedades Nasales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/epidemiología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/transmisión , Animales , Enfermedades del Oído/microbiología , Enfermedades del Oído/parasitología , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Humanos , Enfermedades Nasales/microbiología , Enfermedades Nasales/parasitología , Enfermedades Nasales/virología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/microbiología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/parasitología , Enfermedades Faríngeas/virologíaRESUMEN
Verruca vulgaris is a common skin disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but it rarely involves the tympanic membrane. The current treatments for verruca are usually destructive and irreversible, should not be performed universally; the most relevant therapy will be variable subject to disease location, severity, and the patient's immune status. In this report, we demonstrated a case with verruca vulgaris of tympanic membrane, who had topical immunomodulatory agent treatment successfully with well-preserved hearing, and who has no any recurrence up to now for 3 years. In clinical, to cure verruca on the vulnerable tympanic membrane without hearing sequela is a dilemma, and there is no any treatment guideline due to its rarity. Topical immunomodulatory agent with high selectivity, showed great competence on this occasion and verified its practicability in treating verruca on unapproachable area, or where bearing vital functions; the convenient out-patient-based application also ensures good compliance. However, it does need longer duration and higher costs than the other routine treatment modalities.
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Enfermedades del Oído/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/tratamiento farmacológico , Membrana Timpánica , Verrugas/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Tópica , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Enfermedades del Oído/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Otoscopía , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Verrugas/diagnóstico , Verrugas/virologíaRESUMEN
The association of viral infection to ear disease has triggered a great deal of interests. In the present paper, we provide a critical review of the viral hypothesis of ear diseases. Detection of viral antigen and antibody or RNA and DNA in the patients serum, endolymphatic fluid or surgical pathology specimens reveals that virus may have relevance to certain kinds of ear diseases, such as Meniere's disease, idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, otosclerosis. Bell's palsy and otitis media. The most appealing is the herpesvirus, which can cause latent infection in the neurons, and its reactivation may be the mechanism of recurrent attacks of ear diseases. Currently, antiviral drug treatment plus supportive therapy are the most effective managements dealing with viral infection. Although antiviral vaccine will become a promising preventive strategy in the future.
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Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Virosis , Humanos , Enfermedades del Laberinto/virología , Otitis Media/virologíaRESUMEN
Aural plaques occur on the skin of the medial surface of the pinnae of horses. In this study the presence of Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV)-3 and -4 DNA was assessed in 45 such plaques using a 'touchdown' PCR. Papillomaviruses (PVs) were detected in 62.3% (28/45) of samples: EcPV-3 and -4 DNA in 8.89% (4/45) and 37.78% (17/45) of samples, respectively, with 15.56% (7/45) of samples exhibiting co-infection. Viral DNA was not detected in 37.78% (17/45) of samples, suggesting the possible existence of other equine PVs. Neither EcPV-3 nor -4 were detected in negative control skin. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of these two viruses in equine aural plaques.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Oído/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/virología , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades Cutáneas Virales/veterinaria , Animales , ADN Viral/genética , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Caballos , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Enfermedades Cutáneas Virales/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Introducción: El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y el Treponema pallidum comparten mecanismos de transmisión y tienen la potencialidad de cambiar el curso de la otra enfermedad. Entre el 1% y 13% de los pacientes infectados con VIH presentan serología positiva para sífilis o desarrollan la enfermedad durante la evolución. Ambas pueden causar un variado número de alteraciones cocleovestibulares. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos otoneurológicos en pacientes infectados con VIH y con presentación de neurosífilis durante la evolución de su enfermedad. Material y método: Estudio transversal observacional en 10 pacientes VIH positivos con episodios de neurosífilis de la Unidad de Infectología del Hospital Sótero del Río. Se realizó consulta otorrinolaringológica y examen funcional del octavo par con video-óculo-nistagmografía. Resultados: Sesenta por ciento de los pacientes infectados con VIH y neurosífilis presentó síntomas cocleovestibulares, de los cuales todos presentaron alteraciones audiométricas, 50%% de la muestra, además, presentó alteraciones vestibulares de características periféricas. El síntoma más frecuente fue la hipoacusia (50%%). La alteración audiométrica más frecuente fue la hipoacusia sensorioneural bilateral asimétrica. No se observó predominancia de algún tipo de alteración vestibular. Ningún paciente presentó alteraciones centrales. Conclusión: La evaluación otorrinolaringológica debiera considerarse como de rutina para disminuir la discapacidad generada por patología otoneurológica en estos pacientes.
Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum share transmission mechanisms and have the potentiality of changing one another courses. Between 1 and 13%% of HIV infected patients present positive serology for syphilis or develop this disease during the evolution of the HIV. Both can cause a wide range of cochleovestibular manifestations. Aim: To describe otoneurological findings in HIV patients with episodes of neurosyphilis during the course of the disease. Material and method: Observational transversal study with 10 HIVpositive patients with episodes of neurosyphilis registered in the Infectology Unit of Sótero del Río Hospital. They went under otolaryngologic consult and functional testing of vestibulochoclear nerve with videonystagmography. Results: 60%% of evaluated patients had cochleovestibular symptoms, all of them with audiometric alterations. 50% of the sample also showed vestibular abnormalities (peripheral disorders). The commonest symptom was hearing loss (50%%). The most frequent audiometric alteration was asymmetric bilateral neurosensorial hearing loss. We did not observe any kind of vestibular variation predominance. No patient presented central vestibular disease. Conclusions: The otolaryngologic evaluation should be considered as a routine exam to diminish the disability generated in these patients because of the acquired otoneurological disease.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Enfermedades Cocleares/virología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Enfermedades Vestibulares/virología , Neurosífilis/complicaciones , Audiometría , Acúfeno , Pruebas de Función Vestibular , Enfermedades Cocleares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vestibulares/fisiopatología , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Coinfección , Estudio Observacional , Pérdida AuditivaRESUMEN
We describe a case of cowpox virus infection leading to severe acute inflammation and chondritis of the outer ear, complicated by local necrosis and facial cellulitis. Secondary lesions occurred on a finger and the abdomen. Apart from scarring, outcome was favorable after repeated surgical excision of necrotic tissue.
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Enfermedades de los Cartílagos/diagnóstico , Celulitis (Flemón)/virología , Viruela Vacuna/transmisión , Enfermedades del Oído/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Roedores/transmisión , Adulto , Animales , Enfermedades de los Cartílagos/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Cartílagos/virología , Celulitis (Flemón)/diagnóstico , Viruela Vacuna/cirugía , Viruela Vacuna/virología , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/genética , Virus de la Viruela Vacuna/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Viral/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades del Oído/cirugía , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Oído Externo/patología , Oído Externo/virología , Cara/patología , Cara/virología , Femenino , Dedos/patología , Dedos/virología , Humanos , Inflamación , Mascotas , Ratas , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Enfermedades de los Roedores/virología , Piel/patología , Piel/virología , Resultado del Tratamiento , ZoonosisRESUMEN
We report a case of orf on an ear in a patient admitted to hospital following the onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome. While the underlying causes of Guillain-Barré syndrome are not completely understood, immune stimulation appears to play a key role in pathogenesis. Any association between orf infection and Guillain-Barré syndrome has not been documented. A 22-year-old male sheep farmer, who was previously fit and well, presented to his local hospital with a 2-day history of distal upper and lower limb paraesthesia and weakness. He was transferred to a tertiary hospital where the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome was confirmed. History revealed that he had experienced a mild respiratory illness 3 weeks prior to presentation and an inflamed nodular lesion over his left ear, which had appeared 2 weeks prior to admission. Differential diagnoses of orf, atypical mycobacterial infection, subcutaneous mycosis and a squamous cell carcinoma were considered. Histopathology from a biopsy of the lesion was consistent with orf, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing. This case is of interest for two reasons: orf has not been described in association with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and orf on the ear is uncommon.
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Enfermedades del Oído/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Ectima Contagioso/complicaciones , Ectima Contagioso/virología , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/complicaciones , Adulto , Enfermedades del Oído/patología , Ectima Contagioso/patología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignancy of the lymph system usually occurring on the lymph nodes. A 57-year-old Japanese woman presented with the chief complaint of an enlarging tumor of the left ear. An excisional biopsy was taken, and histological examination showed a mixed infiltration of cells, including Reed-Sternberg cells and their mononuclear forms against a background of small lymphocytes. Reed-Sternberg cells were CD15, CD20, CD30, Ki-67, MUM-1, CD45, EMA, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA was detected by in situ hybridization. We diagnosed this tumor as a skin infiltration with a lymphocyte-rich classical HL pattern. Skin involvement of HL is most often a secondary phenomenon representing a rare late manifestation of disease dissemination; however, we could not detect any evidence of systemic lesion for 6 months after the initial presentation. A case of HL only involving the skin was reported by several past reports, which termed it primary cutaneous HL. But, it is still controversial whether HL initially occurs on the skin because a diagnostic gray zone exists between HL, some non-HL entities, and nonneoplastic lymphoid infiltrates. Clinical and histological features of this case suggest that the skin will become a primary site of HL.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Oído/patología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/patología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Bleomicina , Dacarbazina , Doxorrubicina , Enfermedades del Oído/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/complicaciones , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/virología , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/virología , VinblastinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE/METHODS: An exhaustive review of literature was performed to investigate available data and evidences regarding pediatric otolaryngologic manifestations of viral systemic infections. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: Modern otolaryngologists should be familiar with viral systemic infections since many have head and neck manifestations. Cooperation between otolaryngologist, paediatrician and virologist can be considered and excellent tool in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in particular when complications occur.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Oído , Enfermedades de la Laringe , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales , Virosis , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedades del Oído/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Oído/terapia , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Enfermedades de la Laringe/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Laringe/terapia , Enfermedades de la Laringe/virología , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/terapia , Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/virología , Embarazo , Diagnóstico Prenatal , Virosis/complicaciones , Virosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Virosis/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades del Oído/etiología , Dermatosis de la Mano/etiología , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/complicaciones , Úlcera Cutánea/etiología , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Oído/virología , Oído Externo/virología , Dermatosis de la Mano/virología , Herpes Simple/etiología , Herpes Simple/virología , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica de Células B/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neutropenia/inducido químicamente , Neutropenia/complicaciones , Úlcera Cutánea/virología , Vidarabina/efectos adversos , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Vidarabina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Middle ear pressure (MEP) abnormalities are frequently observed during influenza virus infection and may serve as surrogate markers for the risk of otitis media. MEP abnormalities were evaluated in adult volunteers who were inoculated with influenza A/Texas/36/91(H1N1) or B/Yamagata/88 virus and given the antiviral zanamivir (GG167) intranasally as prophylaxis or early treatment in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. In the influenza A prophylaxis studies, 15% of 61 zanamivir recipients versus 61% of 33 placebo recipients showed significant MEP abnormalities (P < .01). In the influenza A early treatment trial, 32% of 31 infected zanamivir recipients versus 73% of 26 infected placebo recipients developed MEP abnormalities (P < .01). In the influenza B prophylaxis trial, 16% of 25 zanamivir versus 44% of 9 placebo recipients showed abnormalities (P = .09). These findings indicate that the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, which is effective in reducing experimental influenza illness, provides protection against the development of MEP abnormalities.