An initiative to develop capability-adjusted life years in Sweden (CALY-SWE): Selecting capabilities with a Delphi panel and developing the questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Capability-adjusted life years Sweden (CALY-SWE) are a new Swedish questionnaire-based measure for quality of life based on the capability approach. CALY-SWE are targeted towards use in cost-effectiveness evaluations of social welfare consequences. Here, we first motivate the measure both from a theoretical and from a Swedish policy-making perspective. Then, we outline the core principles of the measure, namely the relation to the capability approach, embedded equity considerations inspired by the fair-innings approach, and the bases for which capabilities should be considered. The aims were to 1) the most vital capabilities for individuals in Sweden, 2) to define a sufficient level of each identified capability to lead a flourishing life, and to 3) develop a complete questionnaire for the measurement of the identified capabilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the selection of capabilities, we used a Delphi process with Swedish civil society representants. To inform the questionnaire development, we conducted a web survey in three versions, with each Swedish 500 participants, to assess the distribution of capabilities that resulted from the Delphi process in the Swedish population. Each version was formulated with different strictness so that less strict wordings of a capability level would apply to a larger share of participants. All versions also included questions on inequality aversion regarding financial, educational, and health capabilities. RESULTS: The Delphi process resulted in the following six capabilities: Financial situation & housing, health, social relations, occupations, security, and political & civil rights. We formulated the final phrasing for the questionnaire based on normative reasons and the distribution of capabilities in the population while taking into account inequality aversion. CONCLUSION: We developed a capability-based model for cost effectiveness economic evaluations of broader social consequences, specific to the Swedish context.

The real-world cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity: a cost-utility analysis.

BACKGROUND: Severe obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased risk of death. This study evaluates the real-world cost-utility of therapy for severe obesity, from the publicly funded health care system and societal perspectives. METHODS: We conducted a cost-utility analysis using primary data from a prospective observational cohort of adults living with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and a major medical comorbidity or BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) who were enrolled in a regional obesity program over 2 years. We extrapolated 10-year and lifetime Markov models, validated and supplemented with literature sources, to compare medical, surgical and standard care therapies. We performed deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: The cohort included 500 adults living with severe obesity, 150 of whom received laparoscopic surgical therapy. From a publicly funded health system perspective, at 2 years, surgical therapy had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $54 456 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) compared with standard care therapy. Over a lifetime, it had an ICER of $14 056 per QALY. From the societal perspective, at 2 years, surgical therapy had an ICER of $340 per QALY; over a lifetime, it was the dominant option. The results were robust to sensitivity analysis. INTERPRETATION: From a public health care perspective, surgery for severe obesity is cost effective, and when approached from a societal perspective, it becomes cost saving. Real-world data support using surgical therapy for severe obesity, and our results contribute to the health economic and clinical literature with regard to a robust analysis from a societal perspective.

Prácticas en enfermería para prevenir la mortalidad materna de la mujer en edad fértil / Nursing Care to Women in Fertile Age: Practices to Prevent Maternal Mortality

Introducción: En el sector salud es conocido que las enfermeras son las profesionales que mayor contacto tienen con la mujer en los momentos de atención de su vida fértil. Esta circunstancia les permite llevar a cabo diversas prácticas que buscan prevenir la muerte materna desde la preconcepción y garantizar el nacimiento seguro. Objetivo: Describir las prácticas realizadas en torno a la prevención de la mortalidad materna desde el ejercicio profesional de la enfermera, en tres instituciones de salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Durante la recolección de la información 60 enfermeras diligenciaron un cuestionario constituido de cuatro módulos (conocimiento del sujeto de cuidado, trabajo mutidisciplinario, gestión y fundamentación normativa, y educación continuada) que fue diseñado y validado para el presente estudio. Resultados: Se identificó una correlación moderada entre el conocimiento del sujeto de cuidado y el trabajo multidisciplinario (rs=0,631, p= <0,01), el trabajo multidisciplinario y la gestión del cuidado (rs=0,648, p= <0,01), la gestión del cuidado y la educación continuada (rs=, 665, p =<0,01), y una asociación estadísticamente significativa (χ²= <0,05) entre el servicio y nivel de complejidad de la institución donde se trabaja, con respecto a la implementación de estas prácticas. Conclusiones: La ejecución de prácticas que contrarrestan la mortalidad materna es mayor cuando las enfermeras tienen un conocimiento actualizado, que las lleva a desarrollar un mejor trabajo multidisciplinario; y por ende una mayor gestión del cuidado(AU)

Introduction: Professional nurses have more contact with women during the assistance moments of their fertile life. These circumstances allow carrying on diverse practices to prevent the maternal mortality since the preconception and to guarantee a secure birth. Objective: To describe practices developed on prevention of maternal mortality from the nursing professional praxis in three health institutions in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: It corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive, transversal design. Sixty nurses took part. We gathered information by means a questionnaire conformed in four modules (knowledge of the subject of care, multidisciplinary work, care management and normative foundation and continuing education) designed and valid for this study. Results: This study identified moderate correlation between the knowledge of the subject of care and the multidisciplinary work (rs=, 631, p=<0, 01). We also found correlation between the multidisciplinary work and the nursing care management (rs=, 648, p=<0, 01), the nursing care management and the continuing education (rs=, 665, p=<0, 01), and one meaningful statistical association (?²=<0, 05) between the service and complexity level where they work and fulfil these practices. Conclusions: The implementation of practices that counteract maternal mortality is better when nurses have updated knowledge that leads to develop better multidisciplinary work; and therefore better care management(AU)

Social validity in single-case research: A systematic literature review of prevalence and application.

BACKGROUND: Single-case research (SCR) has been a valuable methodology in special education research. Montrose Wolf (1978), an early pioneer in single-case methodology, coined the term "social validity" to refer to the social importance of the goals selected, the acceptability of procedures employed, and the effectiveness of the outcomes produced in applied investigations. Since 1978, many contributors to SCR have included social validity as a feature of their articles and several authors have examined the prevalence and role of social validity in SCR. AIM AND METHODS: We systematically reviewed all SCR published in six highly-ranked special education journals from 2005 to 2016 to establish the prevalence of social validity assessments and to evaluate their scientific rigor. RESULTS: We found relatively low, but stable prevalence with only 28 publications addressing all three factors of the social validity construct (i.e., goals, procedures, outcomes). We conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific rigor of these 28 publications. CONCLUSIONS: Social validity remains an understudied construct in SCR, and the scientific rigor of social validity assessments is often lacking. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Resisting the binarism of victim and agent: Critical reflections on 20 years of scholarship on young women and heterosexual practices in South African contexts.

The last 20 years have seen a proliferation of research, spurred by the imperatives of the HIV epidemic and reportedly high rates of gender-based violence, on heterosexual practices in the South African context. Research has focused on how poverty, age and gender within specific cultural contexts shape sexual agency and provide a context for unequal, coercive and violent practices for young women. This paper takes stock of what we currently 'know' about heterosex and critically reflects on the political and ideological effects of such research, specifically in the light of young women's agency. A primary concern is that efforts to address gender inequality and the normative gender practices that shape inequitable heterosexual practices may have functioned to reproduce the very discourses that underpin such inequalities. The paper 'troubles' the victim-agency binarism as it has been played out in South African research on heterosex, raising concerns about how the research may reproduce gendered, classed and raced othering practices and discourses and bolstered regulatory and disciplinary responses to young women's sexualities. The paper argues for critical, feminist self-reflexivity that should extend to re-thinking methodologies entrenched in frameworks of authority and surveillance.

Taking time seriously: changing practices and perspectives in work/organizational psychology / Tomarse en serio el tiempo: cambios en la praxis y en las perspectivas de la psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones

Although dedicated to the study of processes in people and organizations, W&O Psychology has shown little sensitivity to the fact that processes happen in time and evolve over time. This paper describes how the field has become more aware of time, after an initial neglect of time, and is now engaged in developing theories and empirically investigating when things happen and how they change. We discuss proposals from Molenaar, Van de Ven, Roe, and colleagues to make our conceptual apparatus better suited to the study of temporal dynamics and to make research methods more sensitive to temporal issues, changing their focus on individual differences to within-person variations. We finish with a discussion of how taking time seriously may lead W&O Psychology to explore new frontiers and to enter new paths in the future which can lead to a better recognition of complexities in organizational behavior (AU)

Aunque se ocupa del estudio de los procesos en las personas y en las organizaciones, la Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones ha mostrado escasa sensibilidad hacia el hecho de que los procesos suceden en el tiempo y evolucionan a lo largo del mismo. Este trabajo describe cómo se ha tomado conciencia del tiempo en este campo después de un periodo inicial de ignorarlo, con una gran implicación actual en el desarrollo de teorías e investigación empírica sobre cuándo ocurren las cosas y cómo cambian. Se comentan las propuestas de Molenaar, Van de Ven, Roe y colaboradores dirigidas a adecuar mejor nuestro aparato conceptual al estudio de la dinámica temporal y a conseguir que los métodos de investigación sean más sensibles a los aspectos temporales, cambiando su enfoque desde las diferencias individuales a las variaciones intra-persona. Se concluye comentando que considerar en serio el tiempo puede hacer que la Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones explore nuevas fronteras y abra nuevas rutas en el futuro que conduzcan a un mejor reconocimiento de las complejidades del comportamiento organizativo (AU)

Risk of bias assessment of clinical trials published in iberoamerican urological journals / Evaluación del riesgo de sesgo en los ensayos clínicos publicados en revistas urológicas iberoamericanas

OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of bias of clinical trials published in iberoamerican indexed journals from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. METHODS: We performed a descriptive study based on the clinical trials published from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2012 in the iberoamerican urological journals. We assessed the risk of bias by the Cochrane tool. We used descriptive statistics in Stata 13 and Revman 5.2 to create the risk of bias graphs within and across studies. RESULTS: We identified 41 clinical trials: 21 trials in the International Brazilian Journal of Urology, seven trials in Actas Urológicas Españolas, six trials in Archivos Españoles de Urología, two trials in the Boletin Mexicano de Urología, four trials in Revista Mexicana de Urología and one trial in Revista Urología Colombiana. Most of these trials had unclear risk for the generation of the randomization (selection bias), the allocation concealment (selection bias) and the blinding (performance and detection). There was low risk of bias for incomplete results data (Attrition bias) and selective notification (notification bias). High risk of bias was found in other possible sources of bias, mainly because of low sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool assessment, most of the published trials do not accomplish an adequate description of the methods. We should also be aware that most of the trials lack an adequate sample size calculation that limits the power of these trials. We recommend better description of the methods for randomization, and increasing the sample size to improve the quality of the trials published in urologic iberoamerican journals

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el riesgo de sesgo en los ensayos clínicos publicados en revistas iberoamericanas indexadas desde el 1 de enero del 2008 al 31 de Diciembre del 2012. MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo basado en los ensayos clínicos publicados en las revistas urológicas iberoamericanas desde el 1 de Enero del 2008 y el 31 de diciembre del 2012. Evaluamos el riesgo de sesgo mediante la herramienta Cochrane. Utilizamos estadísticas descriptivas en Stata 13 y Revman 5.2 para crear gráficas del riesgo de sesgo dentro de los estudios y entre ellos. RESULTADOS: Identificamos 41 ensayos clínicos: 21 ensayos en el International Brazilian Journal of Urology, siete ensayos en Actas Urólogicas Españolas, seis ensayos en Archivos Españoles de Urología, dos en el Boletín Mexicano de Urología, cuatro en la Revista Mexicana de Urología y un ensayo en la Revista Urología colombiana. La mayoría de estos ensayos presentan un riesgo confuso para la generación de la aleatorización (sesgo de selección), la ocultación de la asignación (sesgo de selección) y el enmascaramiento (ejecución y detección). Había un bajo riesgo de sesgo para datos de resultados incompletos (sesgo de abandono) y de notificación selectiva (sesgo de notificación). El alto riesgo de sesgo se encontró en otras posibles fuentes de sesgo, principalmente debido a tamaño muestral bajo. CONCLUSIONES: Basándose en la herramienta Cochrane de evaluación del riesgo de sesgo, la mayoría de los ensayos publicados no llevan a cabo una adecuada descripción de los métodos. También debemos ser conscientes de que la mayoría de los ensayos carecen de un cálculo del tamaño muestral adecuado lo que limita su poder. Recomendamos una mejor descripción de los métodos de asignación aleatoria y aumentar el tamaño muestral para mejorar la calidad de los ensayos publicados en las revistas urológicas iberoamericanas

Análisis del expediente judicial: Evaluación de la validez de la prueba testifical / Analysis of the judicial file: assessing the validity of testimony

En el marco del enfoque holístico para la evaluación de la prueba testifical (HELPT), el presente trabajo describe un protocolo para el análisis de toda aquella información susceptible de ser extraída de un expediente judicial, a la luz de los conocimientos del procesamiento heurístico de la información, y del análisis de los factores de influencia de las declaraciones desde la Psicología del Testimonio. El objetivo es brindar una sistematización de los tópicos que pudieran explorarse en un expediente, ya sea como parte de un peritaje directo o como un metaperitaje, extrayendo el máximo de información no sesgada a fin de establecer las hipótesis relevantes del caso y valorar los posibles factores de influencia

Under the holistic approach to the assessment of testimony (HELPT), this paper describes a protocol for the analysis of all the information that can be extracted from a judicial file, regarding the knowledge of heuristic principles and psychology of testimony. The aim is to provide a systematization for expert reports about the topics that could be explored in a file, extracting the maximum unbiased information to establish the relevant hypotheses of the case and evaluate possible factors of influence

Evaluación externa de la calidad en la descentralización del diagnóstico de VIH en Cuba / External evaluation of the quality in the decentralization of the diagnosis of HIV in Cuba

Introducción: en el año 2013 se comenzó a aplicar una nueva estrategia de algoritmo de diagnóstico serológico de la infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), descentralizándose la primera etapa del proceso de diagnóstico confirmatorio lo que implica un mayor protagonismo a los Centros Provinciales de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología (CPHEM). El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el desempeño de los CPHEM en el Programa de Evaluación Externa de la Calidad en el período de 2012 al 2013.Métodos: se analizaron cinco rondas de paneles de suerosconformados por siete muestras con diferentes perfiles serológicos previamente caracterizadas. La evaluación se realizó mediante el cálculo del índice de calidad y se estimó la correspondencia entre los resultados esperados y los obtenidos. Para la determinación de la precisión, se calculó el coeficiente de variación de los resultados de 20 réplicas ensayadas de una misma muestra en una misma corrida (intralaboratorio) y en corridas diferentes (interlaboratorio).Resultados: todos los laboratorios participaron en el PEEC, excepto cuatro de ellos que dejaron de responder a algunos envíos, lo que afectó el porcentaje de participación. Desde el punto de vista cualitativo el desempeño de los laboratorios que participaron fue excelente, sin embargo se detectaron variaciones al determinar la precisión. Resultó llamativo que los laboratorios C y G presentaron una escasa participación y en ambos casos los resultados enviados estuvieron por encima del valor máximo permisible.Conclusiones: se demostró que no todos los laboratorios dan...(AU)

Introduction: in 2013 it began to implement a new strategy algorithm for serological diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, decentralizing the first stage of confirmatory diagnosis implying a greater role to the Provincials Centers Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology (PCHEM). The present study aims to evaluate the performance of PCHEM in the Program External Quality Assessment (PEQA) during 2012 to 2013. Methods: five rounds of serum panels comprised of seven samples with different serological profiles previously characterized were analyzed. The evaluation was performed by calculating the quality index and the correspondence between expected and obtained results was estimated. To determine accuracy, the coefficient of variation of 20 replicates of the same sample tested in the same run (intra-laboratory) and different runs (inter-laboratory) was calculated.Results: all laboratories participated in the PEQA, but four of them stopped answering some shipments, which affected the percentage of participation. From a qualitative point of view the performance of the laboratories that participated was excellent; however variations to determine accuracy were detected. It was noticeable that laboratories C and G had a low turnout and in both cases the results were sent over the maximum allowable value. Conclusions: it was demonstrated that not all laboratories prioritize PEQA, despite being a mandatory requirement out in Regulation 3, 2009. It was noted that after an excellent qualitative result, you can hide variations that allow alert us about possible errors systematic, which could be solved proactively to achieve reliable results at this stage of decentralization of HIV confirmatory diagnosis in Cuba(AU)

Construct validity evidence for the individual authenticity measure at work in brazilian samples / Pruebas de validez de constructo de la medida Autenticidad Individual en el Trabajo en muestras brasileñas

Authenticity at work is characterized as the extent to which individuals feel and act coherently with themselves. The objective in this study was to adapt and obtain initial construct validity evidence of the Individual Authenticity Measure at Work in the Brazilian context. The sample consisted of 477 employees, who answered an initial version of the scale, consisting of 12 items. To correlate the measure with other variables, tools were used to measure positive and negative constructs associated with work and life. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses permitted the complete reproduction of the three-factor structure of the original version. The authentic experience was positively correlated with positive and significant aspects of work and life and negatively with negative aspects of work and life, while the opposite happened with self-alienation. It was concluded that the scale demonstrated initial construct validity evidences, which recommends its use for future research situations (AU)

La autenticidad en el trabajo se caracteriza por el grado en que los individuos se sienten y actúan coherentemente con ellos mismos. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y obtener evidencia inicial de la validez de constructo de la medida de Autenticidad Individual en el Trabajo en el contexto brasileño. La muestra está formada por 477 empleados, que respondieron a una versión inicial de la escala, que consta de 12 artículos. Para correlacionar la medida con otras variables, se utilizaron instrumentos para medir constructos positivos y negativos asociados con el trabajo y la vida. Los resultados de las análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios han permitido la reproducción completa de la estructura de tres factores de la versión original. La experiencia auténtica se correlacionó positivamente con los aspectos positivos y significativos de la vida laboral y negativamente con los aspectos negativos del trabajo y la vida, mientras que lo contrario ocurrió con la auto-alienación. Se concluyó que la escala demostró evidencias iniciales de validez de constructo que recomiendan su uso para situaciones futuras de investigación (AU)

[Modern directions of scientific and practical research of the policy of active and healthy longevity: experience and perspectives].

Modern terminology on active and healthy aging used in scientific and project activities is discussed. There have been analyzed the WHO conception on active aging, which has no precise universally agreed definition, its main determinants. The directions of scientific expertise in the major European projects INNOVAGE - assessment of potentially profitable social innovations relating to the welfare and quality of life and health in old age; MOPACT - the interference between the demographic development and the main dimensions of economic and social contribution of older persons is defined. The approach to implement the policy of active and healthy longevity as a valuable asset of the modern society is underlined.

Distance to the object and social representations: replication and further evidences

Distance to the object is a new approach that highlights the complex nature of the link between groups and social representations. It is composed of three elements: knowledge, involvement, and level of practices associated with the social object. This study aims to replicate a previous study that has demonstrated the validity of distance to the object in order to explore social representations of cannabis. We carried out a research on the social representations of cocaine. Respondents (n = 200) completed a questionnaire including opinions related to cocaine and constitutive elements of the distance to cocaine. The regression analysis on the representational dimensions revealed a significant effect of the distance variable on two dimensions (social facilitator, addiction and social dangerousness). The groups that were «distant» from the object showed stronger adherence to the normative component than to the functional component of SR, in opposition to those who were «close» to the object. The concept of distance to the object is thus heuristic as it offers an integrative grid of reading that permits to understand and highlight the link individuals maintain with a social representation (AU)

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Organizational citizenship behaviour in schools: validation of a questionnaire

The present study examines the psychometric properties (including factorial validity) of an organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) scale in a school context. A total of 321 middle and high school teachers from 59 schools in urban and rural areas of central Portugal completed the OCB scale at their schools. The confirmatory factor analysis validated a hierarchical model with four latent factors on the first level (altruism, conscientiousness, civic participation and courtesy) and a second order factor (OCB). The revised model fit with the data, χ2/gl = 1.97; CFI = .962; GFI = .952, RMSEA = .05. The proposed scale (comportamentos de cidadania organizacional em escolas- Revista CCOE-R)- is a valid instrument to assess teacher’s perceptions of OCB in their schools, allowing investigation at the organizational level of analysis (AU)

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Building an integrated research/policy planning age-friendly agenda.

This article describes an innovative model for integrating research into a policy and planning agenda aimed to help neighborhoods become more supportive of older adults. Philadelphia Corporation for Aging (PCA) established Age-Friendly Philadelphia (AFP) to catalyze efforts to improve the physical and social environments for seniors. The Research Program at PCA became an important part of this effort by providing multiple types of supports to PCA staff and other stakeholders. Most notably, the research program worked with planners to adopt the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Aging Initiative model for Philadelphia. That model focuses on (1) staying active, connected, and engaged; (2) development and housing; (3) transportation and mobility; and (4) staying healthy. Examples of practice efforts actualized using this research are also presented. By developing a new approach to the way research can support practice initiatives, AFP has been able to increase its effectiveness, and researchers have found better ways to work collaboratively with professionals in policy, planning, and practice. The PCA model should be considered as a framework for similar efforts aimed at creating age-friendly communities.

Recuperação do sorriso em crianças e adolescentes acometidos por fluorose dentária endêmica / Recovery of smile in children and adolescents affected by endemic dental fluorosis

Esse estudo teve como objetivos descrever e avaliar o impacto físico e psicossocial da fluorose dentária endêmica em crianças e adolescentes antes e após tratamento restaurador estético e desenvolver e validar instrumento para verificar autopercepção da aparência dentária. Trata-se de estudo quasi-experimental que teve como população de referência crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam fluorose dentária com comprometimento estético e que receberam tratamento odontológico restaurador direto realizado por cirurgiões-dentistas vinculados a uma ação de intervenção. Foram aplicados questionários em dois momentos com intervalo de 24 meses (antes e após o tratamento odontológico). Os questionários foram compostos por questões referentes ao impacto físico e psicossocial da fluorose dentária (OHIP-14), autopercepção da saúde bucal (Como você classificaria a sua saúde bucal?) e autopercepção da aparência dentária (seis questões). Os tratamentos realizados foram: microabrasão, facetas diretas de resina composta e associação das duas técnicas. Inicialmente foram conduzidas análises descritivas. Estimou-se a prevalência, a gravidade e a extensão do impacto físico e psicossocial da fluorose a partir do OHIP-14. Comparações entre baseline e follow-up e entre as técnicas de tratamento foram realizadas a partir dos testes de McNemar, Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. No processo de validação do Instrumento de Autopercepção da Aparência Dentária (IAAD), composto por seis questões, foi avaliada a consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) e a adequação dos dados para a análise fatorial (testes KMO e Esfericidade de Bartlett). A validade de construto foi avaliada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória. Na análise de hipóteses, buscou-se verificar o poder da escala em discriminar grupos quanto aos traços que a escala mede: Percepção da aparência e Impacto psicológico e social. Para isso, foram definidos grupos com e sem impacto quanto aos domínios desconforto psicológico, incapacidade psicológica e social avaliados por meio do OHIP-14. O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para avaliar a frequência dos itens do IAAD nos grupos com autopercepção positiva ou negativa da saúde bucal. O acompanhamento dos participantes foi realizado entre 2009 e 2013. Após realização dos tratamentos restauradores, constatou-se significativa melhoria na prevalência, gravidade e extensão do impacto físico e psicossocial da fluorose. O alfa de Cronbach para os seis itens do instrumento proposto foi de 0,745. Os coeficientes de correlação de cada item com a escala total variaram de 0,22 a 0,68. A análise fatorial evidenciou a presença de dois construtos, que explicaram juntos 66,38% da variância. A amostra mostrou-se adequada para a análise fatorial (KMO=0,712). Os bons parâmetros psicométricos encontrados e a correlação positiva com instrumento largamente utilizado para mensurar impacto físico e psicossocial da condição bucal (OHIP-14) remetem à possibilidade de ampla utilização do IAAD em outros estudos.

This study aimed to describe and assess the physical and psychosocial impact of endemic dental fluorosis in children and adolescents before and after and restorative aesthetic treatment and develop and validate an instrument to verify self-perception of dental appearance. It is quasi-experimental study that had a reference population of children and adolescents who had dental fluorosis with aesthetic problems and receiving direct restorative dental treatment done by dentists linked to an intervention action. Questionnaires were administered on two occasions with an interval of 24 months (before and after dental treatment). The questionnaires were composed of questions concerning the physical and psychosocial impact od dental fluorosis (OHIP-14), self-perceived oral health ( How would you rate your oral health?) and self-perceived dental appearance (six issues). The treatments were performed: micorabrasion, direct resin composite veneers and combination of two techniques. Initially, descriptive analyzes were conducted. Was measured the prevalence, severity and extent of physical and psychosocial impact fluorosis from the OHIP-14...

Evaluación del Índice de Satisfacción con la Vida en centenarios cubanos / Evaluation of Life Satisfaction Index in cuban centenarians

Introducción: El incremento de la población centenaria mundial acapara el interés de la psicología desde una mirada positiva, por lo que se hace necesario realizar estudios transculturales y validar instrumentos en estas edades extremas. En este trabajo se presenta, por vez primera, las propiedades psicométricas (estructura, validez, puntos de corte) del índice de satisfacción con la vida (LSI) de Neugarten et al. en centenarios cubanos. Material y métodos: Se aplicó el LSI al universo de centenarios cubanos sin posible síndrome demencial como parte del estudio nacional (2004-2009). Se consideraron algunas hipótesis para la validez del instrumento, se tomaron de los datos de la encuesta oficial: autopercepción y eventos vitales recientes de salud, apoyo social, depresión, tensión y calidad de vida. Resultados y conclusiones: La escala mostró buena confiabilidad. Se identificaron 4 factores, 3 de ellos coincidentes con otros autores. Se encontraron relaciones esperadas de acuerdo con los criterios teóricos propuestos. Se concluye que el LSI es recomendable en centenarios cubanos con punto de corte alto 32 y bajo 18, si bien se deberían validar otras pruebas de satisfacción en estas edades para establecer la validez concurrente y evaluar en población gerontológica más joven(AU)

Base and objective: The increment of the world centenarians´ population promotes the interest of the psychology from a positive look, being necessary to carry out cross-cultural studies and to validate tools in these extreme ages. This work is intended to show, for the first time, the psychometrical properties (structure, validity, break points) of the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) from Neugarten et al. in Cuban centenarians. Material and methods: It was applied the LSI to the universe of Cuban centenarians without possible dementia syndrome as part of the National Study (2004-2009). Some hypotheses were considered for the validity of the tool, being taken from the official survey data: self-awareness and recent vital events of health, social support, depression, tension and quality of life. Results and conclusions: The scale showed good reliability. Four factors were identified, being three of them 3 coincident with other authors. According to the proposed theoretical approaches the expected relationships were found. The conclusion is that the LSI is advisable in Cuban centenarians with high break point 32 and low 18, although other tests of satisfaction in these ages should be validated to establish the concurrent validity and to evaluate in younger geriatric population(AU)

Valoración de la Escala del Centro de Estudios de la Depresión (CES-D) en ancianos cubanos / Assessment of the Radloff depression questiolnnaire (CES-D) in cuban elderly

Introducción: El Cuestionario de depresión de Radloff (CES-D), por su brevedad y sencillez en la aplicación y corrección es hoy uno de los instrumentos que más se utilizan en el mundo para la evaluación de la depresión, sobre todo con fines de pesquisaje en la atención primaria de salud. Aplicado en adultos jóvenes cubanos ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. El presente trabajo evalúa su estructura y ofrece información sobre su validez en la población gerontológica cubana. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 120 personas mayores de 65 años. Los casos se obtuvieron de la comunidad y del Servicio de Psicología del CITED. Se empleó el CES-D, el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado (IDERE), la Escala de depresión geriátrica, el Cuestionario de síntomas depresivos de Riquelme (CSR) y el Inventario de síntomas depresivos de Riquelme (ISR). Resultados: Las correlaciones con otros instrumentos proporcionaron evidencia de validez concurrente. La escala mostró buena confiabilidad. Se identificaron 4 factores, diferentes en su composición a la propuesta de Radloff. Se observan variaciones en el punto de corte para población cubana. Se encontraron las asociaciones esperables de acuerdo a los criterios teóricos con variables de salud, estrés y apoyo social. Conclusiones: Se concluye que parece recomendable usar el CES-D en población anciana cubana tomando como punto de corte 23, pero debe tenerse en cuenta en estudios de pesquisaje que puede haber cerca de un 30 por ciento de falsos positivos (personas identificadas como depresivas sin que lo sean)(AU)

Introduction: Given its briefness and simplicity in terms of both application and correction, the Radloff Depression Questionnaire (CES-D) is no doubt one of the most widely-used tools in the world to assess depression, especially with research purposes for primary healthcare assistance. It has shown adequate psychometric properties in Cuban young adults. The following paper delves into its layout and provides information on its useful validity as applied in Cubas elderly population. Methods: The sample was made up of 120 people –average age of 70.96 years. The CES-D, the Depression Trait-State Inventory (IDERE), the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Riquelme Depressive Symptoms Questionnaire (CSR) and the Riquelme Depressive Symptoms Inventory were used (ISR). Results: The correlations with other tools provide evidence of concurrent validity. The scale showed good reliability. Four (4) factors –different in their composition to Radloffs proposal-were found. Variations in the cutting point for the Cuban population were observed. Expected associations in line with the theoretical criteria were found. Conclusions: As a conclusion, the CES-D seems to be recommendable for use in Cubas elderly population, based on a 23 cutting point(AU)

Validación cubana del Washington Psychosocial Seizures Inventory (WPSI) / Cuban validation of Washington Psychosocial Seizures Inventory (WPSI)

Para realizar la adaptación sociocultural del Washington Psychosocial Seizures Inventory (WPSI) se partió de su versión original en idioma inglés. A partir de criterios de expertos se logró una versión adecuada en idioma español que fue perfeccionada a partir de tomar en cuenta las peculiaridades en el habla de los cubanos. Los expertos consideraron que la mayoría de las preguntas del inventario son razonables, comprensibles, sensibles a variaciones, parten de suposiciones básicas justificables e intuitivamente razonables, presentan componentes claramente definidos y son derivables de datos factibles de obtener. Solo sugirieron modificaciones en 16 de los ítems del instrumento las cuales fueron aceptadas. La versión resultante fue aplicada a un grupo de 100 pacientes con epilepsia procedentes de las consultas especializadas de Epileptología de Ciudad de La Habana. El trabajo desarrollado para la validación de contenido del instrumento incluyó el estudió de su consistencia interna mediante la utilización del índice alfa de Cronbach en dos diseños diferentes: las pruebas paralelas y la división aleatoria del instrumento en dos partes. Con este trabajo se logró adecuar las propiedades psicométricas del WPSI con vistas a que reflejen con mayor exactitud los niveles de adaptación psicosocial del paciente con epilepsia cubano en las diferentes áreas que incluye(AU)

To carry out the social and cultural adaptation of Washington Psychosocial Seizures Inventory (WPSI) we left of their original version in English language. Starting from experts' approaches a version was achieved adapted in Spanish language that was perfected starting from taking into account the peculiarities in the speech of the Cubans. The experts considered that most of the questions of the inventory are reasonable, comprehensible, sensitive to variations, they leave of basic justifiable and intuitively reasonable suppositions, they present clearly defined components and they can be taken out of feasible data of obtaining. Alone they suggested modifications in 16 of the articles of the instrument which were accepted. The resulting version was applied to a group of 100 patients with epilepsy coming from the Specialized Consultations of Epilepsy of Havana City. The work developed for the validation of content of the instrument included the one he/she studied of its internal consistency by means of the use of the index alpha of Cronbach in two different designs: the parallel tests and the aleatory division of the instrument in two parts. With this work they were possible to adapt the psychometric properties of WPSI with a view to that you/they reflect with more accuracy the levels of the patient's psychosocial adaptation with Cuban epilepsy in the different areas that it includes(AU)