Integration of nonlinear two-photon excited fluorescence and photocatalysis boosts overall water splitting performance.

A nonlinear two-photon excited fluorescence photocatalytic system was constructed for the first time by integrating (ZnO)1-x(GaN)x photocatalyst and a fluorescence solution of phenanthridine derivatives. This work offers a strategy for increasing the photocatalytic solar spectral utilization rate and boosting the expectation for photocatalytic solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies.

Hierarchical finite-time cooperative control for teleoperation of networked disturbed mobile manipulators.

This paper investigates the teleoperation problem of networked disturbed mobile manipulators (NDMMs), in which the human operator remotely controls multiple slave mobile manipulators through a master manipulator. Each individual of the slave ones consisted of a nonholonomic mobile platform and a holonomic constrained manipulator that is mounted on the nonholonomic mobile platform. The cooperative control objective of the considered teleoperation problem includes: (1) synchronizing the states of the slave manipulators to the human-controlled master one; (2) forcing the mobile platforms of the slave ones to form a user-defined formation; (3) controlling the geometric center of all the platforms to track a reference trajectory. We present a hierarchical finite-time cooperative control (HFTCC) framework to achieve the cooperative control goal in a finite time. The presented framework includes the distributed estimator, the weight regulator and the adaptive local controller, where the estimator generates the estimated states of the desired formation and trajectory, the regulator selects the slave robot that the master one needs to track, as well as the presented adaptive local controller guarantees the finite-time convergence of the controlled states with model uncertainties and disturbances. Additionally, for improving the telepresence, a novel super twisting observer is presented to reconstruct the interaction force between the salve mobile manipulators and the remote operating environment on the master (i.e., the human) side. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control framework is demonstrated by several simulation results.

FSG-based divinable time-varying formation tracking of multiple Lagrangian agents with unknown disturbances and directed graphs.

In this paper, a flexible shape generator (FSG) is designed to achieve the divinable transformation process of the time-varying formation, and consider the FSG-based time-varying formation tracking (TVFT) problem of multiple Lagrangian agents with unknown disturbances and directed graphs. A hierarchical control algorithm is newly designed to achieve the control goal without using the prior information of the system model and bounded disturbances, and the specific implementation of the proposed hierarchical algorithms is also provided. By using the Hurwitz criterion and adaptive system theory, the sufficient conditions are derived and the stability analysis show that the formation tracking errors of the considered system are uniform ultimate bounded. Several simulation examples are performed on five two-degree-of-freedom mechanical arms to show the effectiveness of theoretical results.

Lag-Bipartite Formation Tracking of Networked Robotic Systems Over Directed Matrix-Weighted Signed Graphs.

This article studies the lag-bipartite formation tracking (LBFT) problem of the networked robotic systems (NRSs) with directed matrix-weighted signed graphs. Unlike the traditional formation tracking problems with only cooperative interactions, solving the LBFT problem implies that: 1) the robots of the NRS are divided into two complementary subgroups according to the signed graph, describing the coexistence of cooperative and antagonistic interactions; 2) the states of each subgroup form a desired geometric pattern asymptotically in the local coordinate; and 3) the geometric center of each subgroup is forced to track the same leader trajectory with different plus-minus signs and a time lag. A new hierarchical control algorithm is designed to address this challenging problem. Based on the Lyapunov stability argument and the property of the matrix-weighted Laplacian, some sufficient criteria are derived for solving the LBFT problem. Finally, simulation examples are proposed to validate the effectiveness of the main results.

Second-order bipartite consensus for networked robotic systems with quantized-data interactions and time-varying transmission delays.

This paper investigates the second-order bipartite consensus (BC) problems for networked robotic systems (NRSs) subject to model uncertainties and external disturbances over signed directed graphs. We have newly presented two classes of hierarchical control algorithms (HCAs) to solve the BC problems for NRSs in a more practical and challenging case of quantized-data interactions (QDIs) and time-varying transmission delays (TVTDs). By using Hurwitz criterion and Lyapunov stability argument, several sufficient conditions on control parameters are obtained and the BC performance of the regulated system is analyzed. Three examples validate the presented theoretical findings.