Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Vasculature of Right-side Colon Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: From an oncological perspective, central ligation of the feeding vessel is an important approach to consider when performing colon cancer surgery. This study aimed to use three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) to clarify the vascular anatomy for performing central vascular ligation to improve the accuracy of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) performed to treat advanced right-side colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted at one institution and targeted 92 patients with right-side colon cancer whose vascular anatomy was evaluated with 3D-CT before surgery between January 2014 and December 2020 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. RESULTS: In 49 patients (53.3%), the ileocolic artery was ventral to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), whereas in 43 patients (46.7%), it was dorsal to the SMV. The right colic artery was present in 31 patients (33.7%). The middle colic artery was present in all patients (100%). A common duct type was present in 80 patients (87.0%). Branching directly from the superior mesenteric artery without a common duct was observed in 12 patients (13.0%). Twenty-one patients (22.9%) had an accessory superior mesenteric artery. CONCLUSION: The vascular structure of the right-side colon is highly complex. Conducting 3D-CT evaluations of the vessel anatomy is very useful for surgeons who conduct MIS, and is considered to enable central ligation to be performed safely and improve the quality of surgery, which will benefit patients.

Nasal lesions induced by intranasal administration of benzaikonium chloride in rats.

We investigated the lesions of nasal cavity mucous membrane caused by administration of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 w/v% Benzalkonium chloride (BZC) solutions in the nasal cavity of rats. No BZC-induced symptoms or nasal lesions were seen in the 0.01 w/v% BZC-treated group. On the other hand, BZC-induced symptoms such as nasal sound and rubbing the nose with forelegs were observed in the 0.05 and 0.10 w/v% BZC-treated groups. Additionally, BZC-induced lesions, including epithelial desquamation, inflammation and edema, occurred in the anterior nasal cavity in the 0.05 and 0.10 w/v% BZC-treated groups, but these lesions were confined to the dorsal meatus and the adjacent nasal septum. These results indicate that 0.01 w/v% BZC solution has no effect on the nasal cavity mucous membrane. However, 0.05 and 0.10 w/v% BZC solutions induce lesions in the nasal cavity mucous membrane due to their irritating effect.

Changes in nasal cavity volume and target area of exposure to nasal drops with age in rats.

The changes in the nasal cavity volume of rats with age and the area exposed to nasal drops administered into the nasal cavity were investigated. Results indicated that the nasal cavity volume lineally increased as rats grew older. In 7-week-old rats, the exposed area in the case of an administration volume of 25 microliters, based on practice, was naso-, maxillo-, and ethmoid turbinate and this volume was enough to expose the whole area of the nasal cavity including the ethmoid turbinate. On the other hand, in 27-week-old rats, administration volumes of 10 and 25 microliters were not enough to expose the ethmoid turbinate. This indicated that the exposed area tended to become narrower in 27-week-old rats than in 7-week-old rats, but the exposed area in the case of an administration volume of 50 microliters was naso-, maxillo-, and ethmoid turbinate in 27-week-old rats. In this case, the volume was enough to spread to the ethmoid turbinate. Differences in the exposed area might be caused by differences in the volume of the nasal cavity. It was also indicated that the main exposed area was the inferior meatus in the 30 min immediately after administration. At all administration volumes, however, notice should be taken of the outflow of nasal drops into the oral cavity through the nasopalatine.