Development and validation of burnout factors questionnaire in the operating room nurses.

Nurses may experience burnout more than other professions. Occupational burnout is a serious concern considering the importance of nurses' jobs in patient care. This study was carried out with the aim of designing and validating the questionnaire of burnout factors in the operating room nurses. Mixed method study was done in two qualitative and quantitative phases in 2022 on Iranian operating room nurses. In the first stage, the concept of operating room nurses' burnout was explained using interviews and literature review, and items were generated. In the second stage, the face validity, content and construct validity of the questionnaire was examined with 342 operating room nurses, and also the reliability of the questionnaire was tested using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and stability (test-retest). After conducting the interview and literature review, 65 questions were extracted. Based on face validity, 4 items were modified. After content validity, 40 items remained. In construct validity, after exploratory factor analysis, 34 items with 5 dimensions were extracted. These dimensions included Organizational, Individual, Interpersonal, Occupational Nature and Managerial factors. Cronbach's alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient were equal to 0.937 and 0.946, respectively. The designed tool based on understanding the concept of burnout in operating room nurses has appropriate and acceptable validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used to measure burnout in operating room nurses.

Relationships Between Job Satisfaction of Operating Room Nurses and Hospital's Compliance With Protective Guidelines During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study, Iran.

PURPOSE: The Covid-19 pandemic is considered the biggest threat to human health in the recent century. During emergency surgeries, the possibility of infection of members of the surgical team with Covid-19 increases due to the direct contact with patients. The present study has been conducted aimed to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction of operating room nurses and the hospital's compliance with protective guidelines (guidance) during Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of operating room nurses. DESIGN: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from September 22, 2020 to April 21, 2021. METHODS: This study was conducted on 926 nurses working in operating rooms in 15 metropolises of Iran. The sampling method in this study was multistage clustering. The questionnaire was sent to the target group through social apps (WhatsApp and Telegram). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 26 using descriptive and analytical statistics. FINDINGS: The mean age and job satisfaction of the participants were 28.81 ± 5.64 years and 51.15 ± 11.45, respectively. Participants (n = 259; 27.97%) reported very good job satisfaction. Also, the mean hospital's compliance with protective guidelines during Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of operating room nurses was 42.29 ± 7.11. The results of the present study showed a significant relationship between job satisfaction and hospital's compliance with protective guidelines during Covid-19 pandemic (P-value ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of infrastructure, improvement of management decisions and increasing human resources in a crisis can affect the quality of performance and job satisfaction of operating room nurses. The researchers suggest that health system managers can contribute to the safety and efficiency of the existing human resources by taking measures to increase job satisfaction.

Viewpoint of operating room nurses about factors associated with the occupational burnout: A qualitative study.

Background: Occupational burnout is a mental health problem that among nurses may lead not only to physical and psychological complications, but also to a decrease in the quality of patient care. Considering the stressful nature of surgery, operating room nurses may be at a greater risk. Therefore, the present study aimed to identifying factors associated with the occupational burnout from the perspective of operating room nurses. Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Iran in 2021 using conventional content analysis. Sampling was performed using purposeful sampling method with maximum variation. In order to collect data, individual, semi-structured interviews were performed with 18 operating room nurses. Interviews continued until data saturation. Data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Data management was performed using MAXQDA-2020 software. Four criteria provided by Guba and Lincoln were used to improve the study's trustworthiness and rigor. Results: A main theme, 4 categories and 15 subcategories were extracted from the data. The main theme is "gradual burnout due to job tension" and categories and subcategories include organizational factors (manager incompetence, organizational indifference, ambiguity in organizational role, organizational inconsistency), interpersonal factors (surgeon aggression, surgeon authoritarianism, surgeon failure to manage stress, unprofessional behavior of nurses), Occupational nature factors (psychological factors and occupational hazards) as well as individual factors (occupational attitude, unprofessional behavior, emotional involvement, demographic factors, physical factors). Conclusion: Numerous factors associated with burnout in operating room nurses, which may put the personnel under more pressure. According to these factors, nursing managers and operating room nurses can consider effective strategies to prevent or coping with burnout.

Workplace discrimination and its relationship with organizational commitment among the surgical technologist: A national cross-sectional study in Iran.

Background: Discrimination in healthcare centers can reduce care quality and job satisfaction, weaken the morale of the personnel and increase the cost of health care and finally lead to turnover intention. Discrimination in hospitals can affect the work outcomes and performance indicators of nurses such as their organizational commitment. Due to the vital role of surgical technologists in surgery and justice as the basis of effective performance, as well as the role of organizational commitment in care quality, the present study was conducted aimed to determine the level of workplace discrimination from viewpoint of the surgical technologists and its relationship with the organizational commitment. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 615 surgical technologists in 8 metropolises of Iran in 2022. The sampling method in this study was multi-stage. The data collection tools included three questionnaires (demographic information, workplace discrimination, and Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment). Data were collected within 2 months and analyzed by SPSS version 22. Descriptive and inferential analyzes including independent t-test and analysis of variance were used for data analysis. p-value ≥ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average age of the participants in the study were 29.90 ± 5.83 years with the participation of 464 women. The results of the data analysis showed an inverse and significant correlation between workplace discrimination and organizational commitment (r = -0.149, p-value < 0.001). The mean and standard deviation for workplace discrimination was 108.20 ± 11.53, which is average. Also, the mean and standard deviation for total organizational commitment was 100.56 ± 19.14, which is higher than the average. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, managers need to pay attention to reduce discrimination in the operating room and establish organizational justice, to improve the motivation of surgical technologists and the quality of their performance. It is also suggested that operating room managers and supervisors, by creating a safe, confidential, and fearless environment to encourage the personnel to express what they understand about discriminatory conditions.