ABSTRACT
Oligosaccharides from Dendrobium officinale (DOO) is a kind of new potential prebiotic for health. In this study, structural characteristics, digestion properties and regulatory function on intestinal flora of DOO were investigated. An oligosaccharide, DOO 1-1, was purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-25, and its physicochemical properties were characterized as a glucomannan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1560 Da (DP = 9). In vitro simulated digestion, it proved that the structure of DOO 1-1 was degraded hardly in the simulated gastric and small intestinal fluid. By evaluating the gas, short-chain fatty acids and intestinal microbiota in vitro fermentation, DOO has an excellent regulatory effect on intestinal microbiota, especially promoting the proliferation of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Therefore, DOO can be used as a potential prebiotic in functional foods.
Subject(s)
Dendrobium , Digestion , Feces , Fermentation , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Oligosaccharides , Dendrobium/chemistry , Dendrobium/metabolism , Oligosaccharides/chemistry , Oligosaccharides/metabolism , Feces/microbiology , Feces/chemistry , Prebiotics/analysis , Humans , Bacteria/metabolism , Bacteria/classification , Molecular Weight , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/metabolism , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
Paecilomyces hepiali is a precious health-care edible medicinal fungus with rich polysaccharides and exhibits various biological activities. Polysaccharides from P. hepiali fermentation broth (PHP) exhibits good immunomodulatory activity; however, the mechanism underlying PHP-mediated regulation of immunity and gut microbiota remains unclear. To reveal the mechanisms, PHP of different doses were used to intervene cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive model mice. The results revealed that PHP facilitated the secretion of serum cytokines, increased the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, it improved the physical barrier function of the intestine by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. PHP increased the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, including, Actinobacteriota, Alistipes, Candidatus_Saccharimonas and unclassified_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, and reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria, Deferribacterota, Mucispirillum and Escherichia_Shigella, promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids, which were positively associated with immune traits. Thus, as an immune enhancer, PHP has the potential to regulate the intestinal immune response in immunosuppressed mice through modulating gut microbiota.
Subject(s)
Cyclophosphamide , Fungal Polysaccharides , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Paecilomyces , Animals , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Mice , Paecilomyces/chemistry , Fungal Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Cytokines/metabolism , Male , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Polysaccharides/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale have garnered attention for their diverse and well-documented biological activities. In this study, we isolated three ethanol-fractionated polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale (EPDO) and investigated their digestive properties and effects on gut microbiota regulation in vitro. The results indicated that after simulating digestion in saliva, gastric, and small intestinal fluids, three EPDOs, EPDO-40, EPDO-60 and EPDO-80, with molecular weights (Mw) of 442.6, 268.3 and 50.8 kDa, respectively, could reach the large intestine with a retention rate exceeding 95%. During in vitro fermentation, the EPDOs were broken down in a "melting" manner, resulting in a decrease in their Mw. EPDO-60 degraded more rapidly than EPDO-40, likely due to its moderate Mw. After 24 h, the total production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) for EPDO-60 reached 51.2 ± 1.9 mmol/L, which was higher than that of EPDO-80. Additionally, there was an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides, which are capable of metabolizing polysaccharides. EPDO-60 also promoted the growth of specific microbiota, including Prevotella 9 and Parabacteroides, which could potentially benefit from these polysaccharides. Most notably, by comparing the gut microbiota produced by different fermentation carbon sources, we identified the eight most differential gut microbiota specialized in polysaccharide metabolism at the genus level. Functional prediction of these eight differential genera suggested roles in controlling replication and repair, regulating metabolism, and managing genetic information transmission. This provides a new reference for elucidating the specific mechanisms by which EPDOs influence the human body. These findings offer new evidence to explain how EPDOs differ in their digestive properties and contribute to the establishment of a healthy gut microbiota environment in the human body.
ABSTRACT
Gastritis is a common disease characterized by gastric ulcers and severe bleeding. Excessive daily alcohol consumption can cause acute gastritis, impacting individuals' quality of life. This study aims to explore the protective effects of different ethanol-fractional polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (EPDO) on acute alcohol-induced gastric injury in vivo. Results showed that EPDO-80, identified as a ß-glucan, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties in pathology. It could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and cell infiltration. EPDO-80 had a dose-effect relationship in reducing the levels of malondialdehyde and cyclooxygenase-2 and decreasing the levels of inflammation mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α. More extensively, EPDO-80 could inhibit the activation of the TNFR/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of TNF-α mRNA and cell apoptosis in organs. Conversely, EPDO-80 could promote changes in the gut microbiota structure. These findings suggest that EPDO-80 could have great potential in limiting oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is highly related to its ß-glucan structure and functions in gut microbiota.
Subject(s)
Dendrobium , Ethanol , Gastritis , NF-kappa B , Polysaccharides , Dendrobium/chemistry , Animals , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Gastritis/chemically induced , Gastritis/drug therapy , Male , Mice , NF-kappa B/metabolism , NF-kappa B/genetics , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Protective Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Coix seed polysaccharides had received increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (CSPW) was extracted and purified from coix seed. Furthermore, the saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation behavior of CSPW were simulated in vitro. The results showed that CSPW was mainly composed of glucose. It cannot be degraded by the simulated salivary and intestinal digestive system, but can be degraded by the simulated gastric digestive system. After fermentation for 24 h, CSPW promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid being the main metabolites. In addition, CSPW could significantly regulate the composition and microbial diversity of gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Limosilicactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Finally, further analysis of functional prediction revealed that amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the most important pathways for CSPW to promote health. In summary, our findings suggested that CSPW could potentially be used as a good source of prebiotics because it can be used by gut microbiota to produce SCFAs and regulate the gut microbiota.
Subject(s)
Coix , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Digestion , Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism , Feces/microbiology , Fermentation , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Health Promotion , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Seeds/metabolism , HumansABSTRACT
This study explores the structural characterization of six noncovalent polyphenol-starch complexes and their prebiotic activities during in vitro digestion and fermentation. Ferulic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, isoquercetin, astragalin, and hyperin were complexed with sweet potato starch (SPS). The polyphenols exhibited high binding capacity (>70%) with SPS. A partial release of flavonoids from the complexes was observed via in vitro digestion, while the phenolic acids remained tightly bound. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that polyphenols altered the spatial configuration of polysaccharides and intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed. Additionally, polyphenol-SPS complexes exerted inhibitory effects on starch digestion compared to gelatinized SPS, owing to the increase in resistant starch fraction. It revealed that the different complexes stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, while inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli. Moreover, in vitro fermentation experiments revealed that complexes were utilized by the gut microbiota, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids and a decrease in pH. In addition, the polyphenol-SPS complexes altered the composition of gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and decreasing pathogenic bacteria. Polyphenol-SPS complexes exhibit great potential for use as a prebiotic and exert dual beneficial effects on gut microbiota.
Subject(s)
Polyphenols , Starch , Polyphenols/chemistry , Starch/chemistry , Prebiotics/analysis , Fermentation , Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism , DigestionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Stem lettuce is a medicinal and edible plant. The peels, accounting for 300-400 g kg-1 raw stem lettuce and containing polysaccharides 200 g kg-1 , are discarded as industrial waste, causing environment pollution and resource waste. RESULTS: A polysaccharide named PPSL10-2 was obtained from the peels of stem lettuce after hot water extraction, and gradation with cascade ultrafiltration and purification using DEAE-Sepharose cellulose. The purity and molecular weight of PPSL10-2 is 96.10% and 2.2 × 104 Da respectively, as detected by high-performance gel permeation chromatography. PPSL10-2 was found to be an α-(1â4)-d-glucan that branched at O-6 with a terminal 1-linked α-d-Glcp as side chain, and devoid of helix conformation, which was characterized by monosaccharide composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Congo red test, scanning electron microscopy, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, PPSL10-2 exhibited potent immune-enhancing effect by improving proliferation and phagocytosis, promoting the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines, as well as the expression of related genes in RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that peels as an agricultural by-product of stem lettuce are good sources of polysaccharides, which could be developed as immunopotentiator for improving human health. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Glucans , Lactuca , Humans , Animals , Mice , Glucans/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Monosaccharides/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Weight , RAW 264.7 CellsABSTRACT
The increasing incidence of colitis and the side effects of its therapeutic drugs have led to the search for compounds of natural origin, including phenolics, as new treatments for colitis. In this study, the potential mechanism of Dendrobium officinale leaf phenolics (DOP) on the relief of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was explored. The results showed that DOP treatment for 36 days reduced the symptoms of colitis caused by DSS, including reduction of the disease activity index and alleviation of colonic tissue damage. In addition, DOP downregulated the expression of key proteins of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, DOP could enhance the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 to restore intestinal mucosal barrier function. DOP also effectively regulates disordered intestinal flora and enhances the production of short-chain fatty acids, which is also beneficial in modulating gut internal environmental homeostasis, inhibiting inflammation, and restoring the intestinal barrier. These findings indicated that DOP can ameliorate DSS-induced chronic colitis by regulating gut microbiota, intestinal barrier, and inflammation, and it is a promising ingredient from D. officinale.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Colitis , Dendrobium , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Animals , Mice , Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects , Colitis/chemically induced , Colitis/drug therapy , Colitis/genetics , Inflammation , Colon , Chronic Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred C57BLABSTRACT
The rigidity of nanoliposomes significantly influences their physical stability and in vitro and in vivo behaviors (e.g., cellular uptake, blood circulation, biodistribution, etc.). This study aimed to quantify the rigidity of the nanoliposomes composed of phytosterol with varying C3 branches and phospholipids (DPPC, DOPC) using atomic force microscopy. Young's modulus, determined by the Shell model, effectively differentiated between mechanical differences in nanoliposomes with varying components and component structure and phase states. FTIR results indicated that P-SG exhibited the highest Young's modulus (175.98 ± 10.53 MPa) due to the hydrogen bond between the glucose residue of steryl glycosides (SGs) and the phospholipid polar head. However, the rigidity of DOPC nanoliposomes was not significantly different due to the unsaturated bond. The addition of oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC) did not change the order of rigidity among the nanoliposomes, with P-SG-OPC having the highest Young's modulus (126.27 ± 2.06 MPa). In the simulated gastrointestinal tract experiment, P-SG-OPC exhibited the greatest stability, with minimal particle aggregation. Cellular uptake experiments revealed that DPPC nanoliposomes with high rigidity had optimal endocytosis, while DOPC nanoliposome uptake was independent of rigidity. In melanin production inhibition tests, the inhibitory effect correlated directly with Young's modulus and P-SG-OPC had the best inhibitory effect on melanin generation. Our findings in this study provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of nanoliposomes for the efficient delivery of active substances, offering potential solutions for improving the efficacy of drug delivery systems.
Subject(s)
Phytosterols , Proanthocyanidins , Biological Availability , Melanins , Tissue Distribution , PhospholipidsABSTRACT
Long-term hypercaloric intake such as a high-fat diet (HFD) could act as negative regulators on bone remodeling, thereby inducing bone loss and bone microarchitecture destruction. Currently, food-derived natural compounds represent a promising strategy to attenuate HFD-induced bone loss. We previously prepared a whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) with osteogenic capacity. In this study, we continuously isolated and identified an osteogenic and antioxidant octapeptide TPEVDDA from WPH, which significantly promoted the alkaline phosphatase activities on MC3T3-E1 cells and exerted DPPH radical scavenging capacity. We then established an HFD-fed obese mice model with significantly imbalanced redox status and reduced bone mass and further evaluated the effects of different doses of WPH on ameliorating the HFD-induced bone loss and oxidative damages. Results showed that the administration of 2% and 4% WPH for 12 weeks significantly restored perirenal fat mass, improved serum lipid levels, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted the activity of antioxidant enzymes; meanwhile, WPH significantly preserved bone mass and bone mechanical properties, attenuated the degradation of trabecular microstructure, and regulated serum bone metabolism biomarkers. The protein levels of Runx2, Nrf2, and HO-1, as well as the phosphorylation level of GSK-3ß in tibias, were notably activated by WPH. Overall, we found that the potential mechanism of WPH on ameliorating the HFD-induced bone loss mainly through its antioxidant and osteogenic capacity by activating Runx2 and GSK-3ß/Nrf2 signaling pathway, demonstrating the potential of WPH to be used as a nutritional strategy for obesity and osteoporosis.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Mice , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism , Protein Hydrolysates/pharmacology , Protein Hydrolysates/therapeutic use , Protein Hydrolysates/metabolism , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Whey/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Glycosidically-bound volatiles (GBV) can be released by exogenous acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the liberation of GBV in natural juice is not reported. It was found that part of the GBV in orange juice (OJ) under natural conditions can be released and the types of volatiles were considerably fewer than the ones under exogenous acid, or enzymatic hydrolysis. Seven types of aroma substances were released under endogenous enzyme, among which ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate and eugenol are characteristic aroma substances of OJ. Six kinds of aroma substances can be released under natural acidic conditions, none are characteristic aroma substances of OJ. Ten kinds of substances were released under endogenous enzymes in combination with the acidic condition, among which benzyl alcohol, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, citral, and eugenol are characteristic aroma substances of OJ. The results indicated that GBV may play an important role in resisting the decrease of free aroma in OJ during storage.
Subject(s)
Citrus sinensis , Eugenol , Odorants/analysis , FruitABSTRACT
Ganoderenic acid D (GAD), extracted from the Chinese herb Ganoderma lucidum, was loaded onto a graphene oxide-polyethylene glycol-anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (GO-PEG-EGFR) carrier to develop a targeting antitumor nanocomposite (GO-PEG@GAD). The carrier was fabricated from PEG and anti-EGFR aptamer modified GO. Targeting was mediated by the grafted anti-EGFR aptamer, which targets the membrane of HeLa cells. Physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. High loading content (77.3 % ± 1.08 %) and encapsulation efficiency (89.1 % ± 2.11 %) were achieved. Drug release continued for approximately 100 h. The targeting effect both in vitro and in vivo was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and imaging analysis system. The mass of the subcutaneous implanted tumor was significantly decreased by 27.27 ± 1.23 % after treatment with GO-PEG@GAD compared with the negative control group. Moreover, the in vivo anti-cervical carcinoma activity of this medicine was due to activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Graphite , Humans , HeLa Cells , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The role of ELAPOR1 has been evaluated in several cancers but has not been elucidated in colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ELAPOR1 in CRC. METHODS: In the present study, the correlation between ELAPOR1 and survival of CRC patients in TCGA-COAD-READ datasets was predicted, and the difference in ELAPOR1 expression between tumor and normal tissues was analyzed. ELAPOR1 expression in CRC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. Then, ELAPOR1 and ELAPOR1-shRNA plasmids were constructed and transfected into SW620 and RKO cells. The effects were assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, and wound healing assays. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the genes before and after ELAPOR1 overexpression in SW620 cells; the differentially expressed genes were substantiated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS: High level of ELAPOR1 is associated with favorable disease-free survival and overall survival. Compared to normal mucosa, ELAPOR1 is lower in CRC. Moreover, ELAPOR1 overexpression significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in vitro in SW260 and RKO cells. Conversely, ELAPOR1-shRNA promotes CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Among the 355 differentially expressed mRNAs identified, 234 were upregulated and 121 were downregulated. Bioinformatics indicated that these genes are involved in receptor binding, plasma membrane, negative regulation of cell proliferation, as well as common cancer signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS: ELAPOR1 plays an inhibitory role in CRC and may be used as a prognostic indicator and a potential target for treatment.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Humans , Cell Line, Tumor , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics , Prognosis , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Movement/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver malignancy and remains a global health threat. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the combination of a cold-water extracted polysaccharide-protein complex from Grifolia frondosa (GFG) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) could inhibit tumor growth by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis-related proteins in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results showed that the inhibition rate of GFG combined with CTX on H22 tumors was 65.29%, which was significantly higher than that of GFG treatment alone (24.82%). GFG combined with CTX significantly increased the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9. Additionally, thymus index, spleen index, natural killer (NK) cell activity, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels increased significantly after GFG treatment, especially after high-doses of GFG combined with CTX treatment (p < 0.05). The thymus index, spleen index, NK cell activity, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-2 levels were 1.90, 1.46, 1.30, 2.13, 1.64, 2.03, and 1.24 times of those treated with CTX alone. Thus, we proposed that GFG can alleviate the side effects of CTX by relieving the immunosuppressive effect, liver/renal injury, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the combination of GFG and CTX for cancer treatment may be a promising strategy, and GFG is expected to be a potential adjuvant alternative for the treatment of HCC.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Grifola , Liver Neoplasms , Animals , Mice , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Interleukin-2/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Grifola/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Interferon-gamma , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-protein complex (G. frondosa PPC) is a polymer which consists of polysaccharides and proteins/peptides linked by covalent bonds. In our previous ex vivo research, it has been demonstrated that a cold-water extracted G. frondosa PPC has stronger antitumor activity than a G. frondosa PPC extracted from boiling water. The main purpose of the current study was to further evaluate the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma and gut microbiota regulation effects of two PPCs isolated from G. frondosa at 4 °C (GFG-4) and 100 °C (GFG-100) in vivo. The results exhibited that GFG-4 remarkably upregulated the expression of related proteins in TLR4-NF-κB and apoptosis pathway, thereby inhibiting the development of H22 tumors. Additionally, GFG-4 increased the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Bacillus and reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis suggested that GFG-4 promoted SCFAs production, particularly butyric acid. Conclusively, the present experiments revealed GFG-4 has the potential of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma growth via activating TLR4-NF-κB pathway and regulating gut microbiota. Therefore, G. frondosa PPCs could be considered as safe and effective natural ingredient for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study also provides a theoretical foundation for the regulation of gut microbiota by G. frondosa PPCs.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Grifola , Animals , Mice , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Grifola/chemistry , Toll-Like Receptor 4 , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Water/chemistryABSTRACT
It is important to have sustainable and edible scaffolds to produce cultivated meat. In this research, three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds were developed by soy protein amyloid fibrils for cultivated meat applications. Food-safe biological and physical cross-linking methods using microbial transglutaminase and temperature-controlled water vapor annealing technique were employed to crosslink soy protein amyloid fibrils, resulting in the production of 3D scaffolds. The generated 3D scaffolds had pores with sizes ranging from 50 to 250 µm, porosities of 72-83%, and compressive moduli of 3.8-4.2 kPa, depending on the type of soy protein used in the process (ß-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S) and soy protein isolate (SPI)). When present with pepsin, these scaffolds can degrade within an hour but remain stable in phosphate-buffered saline for at least 30 days. The soy protein amyloid fibril scaffolds enabled C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts proliferate and differentiate without adding cell adhesive proteins or other coatings. The results demonstrate the potential of abundant and inexpensive soy protein amyloid fibrils to be utilized as scaffold materials for cultivated meat in the food industry.
Subject(s)
Amyloid , Soybean Proteins , Animals , Mice , Temperature , MeatABSTRACT
Hericium erinaceus is a kind of large fungus with rich nutrition and its polysaccharides exhibit various biological activities. In recent years, widespread interest has been focused on maintaining or improving intestinal health through the consumption of edible fungi. Studies have shown that hypoimmunity can damage the intestinal barrier, which in turn seriously affects human health. The aim of this work was to investigate the ameliorative effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs) on intestinal barrier damage in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice. The results showed that the HEP effectively increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissues of mice. In addition, the HEP restored the immune organ index, increased the serum levels of IL-2 and IgA, augmented the mRNA expression levels of intestinal Muc2, Reg3γ, occludin and ZO-1, and reduced intestinal permeability in mice. It was further confirmed by an immunofluorescence assay that the HEP enhanced the expression level of intestinal tight junction proteins to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. These results suggested that the HEP could reduce intestinal permeability and enhance intestinal immune functions by increasing antioxidant capacity, tight junction proteins and immune-related factors in CTX-induced mice. In conclusion, the HEP effectively ameliorated CTX-induced intestinal barrier damage in immunocompromised mice, which provides a new application direction for the HEP as a natural immunopotentiator with antioxidant function.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Basidiomycota , Mice , Humans , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Basidiomycota/metabolism , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Immunologic Factors , Tight Junction ProteinsABSTRACT
Particle-stabilized emulsions have shown increasing potential application in food emulsion systems. Here, soy protein, an abundant and inexpensive plant-based protein, was used to develop nanoparticles for emulsion stabilizer applications. An enzymatic cross-linking method based on microbial transglutaminase (mTG) was developed for the fabrication of soy protein nanoparticles (SPNPs). The emulsion stability was compared between soy protein isolate (SPI) and three different nanoparticles. The size of SPNPs ranged from 10 nm to 40 nm, depending on the production conditions. The emulsions stabilized by SPNPs were stable for at least 20 days at room temperature, whereas the emulsion that was stabilized by SPI showed a significant creaming and phase separation phenomenon. The SPNPs also showed a higher antioxidant and reducing effect compared to SPI. The use of mTG induced cross-linking resulted in the formation of covalent bonding between protein molecules, and led to the formation of nanoparticles with higher stability. The approaches support the utilization of inexpensive and abundant plant-based resources as emulsion stabilizers in food applications.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Soybean Proteins , Emulsions , Antioxidants , Particle SizeABSTRACT
Enhancing the bio-based hydrogels strength is fundamental to extend their engineering applications. In this study, high strength cold-set sodium alginate/whey protein nanofiber (SA/WPN) double network hydrogels were prepared and their interaction with curcumin (Cur) was studied. Our results indicated that the rheological and textural properties of SA/WPN double network hydrogels were enhanced with increasing WPN by forming SA-COO--Ca2+--OOC-WPN bridge through electrostatic interactions. The storage modulus (768.2 Pa), hardness (273.3 g), adhesiveness (318.7 g·sec) and cohesiveness (0.464) of SA/WPN50 (WPN concentration of 50 mg/mL) double network hydrogels were 3.75, 2.26, 3.76 and 2.19 times higher than those of SA hydrogels, respectively. Cur was combined with SA/WPN hydrogels through hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions with an encapsulation efficiency of 91.6 ± 0.8 %, and the crystalline state was changed after binding. In conclusion, SA/WPN double network hydrogels can be enhanced by the addition of WPN and have potential as carriers for hydrophobic bioactive substances.
Subject(s)
Curcumin , Nanofibers , Whey Proteins , Alginates , HydrogelsABSTRACT
This study was to investigate the antifatigue, prebiotic effects and their relationships to the structure properties of three ethanol precipitated polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale (EPDO), as EPDO-40, EPDO-60 and EPDO-80. EPDOs with anti-fatigue activity were screened out by forced swimming test, and blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, and intestinal microflora were investigated. Results showed that purified EPDO-60, 277.3 kDa, with a backbone consisted of 4-Manp and 4-Glcp. EPDO-60 had the best anti-fatigue activity, because it could significantly prolong the forced swimming time, as well as down-regulating the levels of BLA and BUN, increasing SOD. Proportions of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in gut microflora increased after treated with EPDO-60. Accordingly, EPDO-60 could affect the community structure of gut microflora, leading to promote the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, and accelerated the fatigue metabolism in vivo.