Apolipoprotein E-associated Lipoprotein Glomerulo-tubulopathy.

A 32-year-old man was admitted for the evaluation of proteinuria (5.69 g/day). A light microscopic examination showed markedly dilated glomerular capillary loops with vacuolated areas in many glomeruli, and vacuolated areas were seen on peritubular capillaries in the tubulointerstitium. When electron microscopy specimens prepared by pre-fixation with glutaraldehyde and post-fixation with osmium tetroxide were used for oil red staining, the deposition was confirmed on the affected areas. A genetic analysis of apoE showed that the lipoprotein glomerulopathy was due to apoE-Sendai (Arg145Pro, p.R163P) heterozygosity, which was found in not only the patient but also his mother and twin brother.

Fifty Percent Ethanolic Extract of Momordica charantia Inhibits Adipogenesis and Promotes Adipolysis in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocyte Cells.

BACKGROUND: Natural products have gained importance recently for the treatment of obesity and its complications, partly because of the side effects of modern drugs.Hence, we aimed to study and compare the effect of varying concentrations of Momordicacharantiaon adipogenesis and adipolysis using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell lines. METHODS: 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were procured from the National Center for Cell Sciences, Pune, and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mM L-glutamine. An ethanolic extract of M. charantia (EEMC)was prepared by the graded ethanol fractionation method and the total phenol content (TPC) determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C) assay. The cytotoxic dose was determined by the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The adipogenesis and adipolysis assays (Cayman chemicals, Ann Arbor, USA) were performed according to the manufacturer's protocols. RESULTS: The 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes treated with increasing concentrations of EEMC during (p= 0.012) and after (p= 0.026) differentiation demonstrated significant reduction in lipid droplet accumulation. There was a significant decrease in glycerol release during differentiation (p= 0.018) and a significant increase in glycerol release after differentiation (p= 0.0007) with increasing concentrations of EEMC. However, the effect of EEMC on adipogenesis and adipolysis was greater during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation than after. CONCLUSION: The data showed that the 50% EEMC is potent inhibitor of lipogenesis and stimulator of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Further analyses will be performed to determine the key antioxidant compound(s) in the extract by phenolic acid profiling using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, the mechanism of action of EEMC on adipogenesis and adipolysis will be elucidated.