Wellbeing of School Communities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Chilean Low-SES Schools.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact schools and how education is conveyed to students. One of the aspects that has gained strength is supporting the wellbeing of educational communities. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand the construction of school wellbeing during the pandemic, based on the notion of collective and sustainable wellbeing. Through a qualitative design, we conducted a study in four Chilean low-SES schools in which a national school mental health program is implemented. A total of 41 in-depth interviews and one group interview were conducted with students, parents, teacher, teacher assistants, school principals, psychosocial professionals, and the school mental health officers during the second half of the 2020 school year. Thematic content analyses showed that, while facing the school closure challenges, schools strived to protect students' and teachers' wellbeing. However, participants highlighted necessary conditions for sustaining the school community's wellbeing and mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: assuring digital connectivity for all students; coordinated work with families and within the school; strengthening networks; curriculum adaptation and diversified pedagogical strategies; and emotional support toward teachers, families, and students. We discuss these findings and their implications for a sustainable and collective perspective of the wellbeing of school communities in low-SES schools, as well as for policy, practice, and research from the perspective of schools for social justice and health promotion.

A phenomenological-based model of the endometrial growth and shedding during the menstrual cycle.

The human endometrium presents a remarkable growth dynamic with an outstanding regenerative capacity. This work aims to develop a phenomenological-based dynamic model to predict the volume changes in the functional layer of the endometrium in each phase of the menstrual cycle. This model considers changes in the endometrial tissue, the blood flow through the spiral arteries, the shedding of the endometrial cells, and the menstrual blood flow. The input variables are estrogen and progesterone; these hormone dynamics are taken from a pre-existing and validated model. Key parameters are modified in order to know their effect on the state variables. The model response was quantitatively assessed using the experimental data of the endometrial cycle reported in the literature. The proposed model provides a better insight into the interactions between ovarian hormones and the endometrial cycle by coupling both physiological processes.

MOOC Learning Assessment in Clinical Settings: Analysis from Quality Dimensions.

Online learning is becoming a fundamental modality of learning in medical education, and can be of great help during global crisis like the current COVID-19 pandemic. The MOOC (massive open online course) mode of e-learning is increasing its penetration worldwide, as a valid teaching approach to reach large populations. A major challenge in clinical education is the assessment of medical students and residents in clinical settings, and there is substantial evidence that the current situation requires improvement. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality dimensions of a MOOC titled "Learning assessment in clinical settings," developed by three Mexican universities in the Coursera platform. A mixed-method study design was used to assess the quality dimensions of the MOOC in two phases: pilot and implementation. The best-rated aspects were learning resources and pedagogical perspective, and those with opportunity for improvement were collaboration and time management. Assessment might be learned through a MOOC format, especially for participants willing to engage with educational technology and self-direction.

Contaminación en el Lago de Tota, Colombia: toxicidad aguda en Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Daphniidae) e Hydra attenuata (Hydroida: Hydridae) / Pollution in Lago de Tota, Colombia: acute toxicity on Daphnia magna (Cladocera: Daphniidae) and Hydra attenuata (Hydroida: Hydridae)

Resumen La cuenca del Lago de Tota ha sido modificada por diversas actividades humanas, como deforestación, piscicultura y el monocultivo de cebolla larga (Allium fistulosum) con un elevado uso de agroquímicos y gallinaza cruda, causando deterioro de las características ecológicas del sistema léntico de alta montaña más grande de Colombia. En este trabajo se implementaron pruebas de toxicidad para determinar posibles efectos deletéreos sobre H. attenuata y D. magna. Se aclimataron los organismos y validaron los ensayos de toxicidad en condiciones de laboratorio, posteriormente se realizó la evaluación de agua y sedimentos (elutriados) provenientes de afluentes de la cuenca del lago: Hato Laguna, El Tobal, Los Pozos y Agua Blanca, durante dos periodos hidroclimáticos contrastantes. Se evidenció una mayor sensibilidad con los ensayos en H. attenuata, ya que señalan que aguas y elutriados de Hato Laguna, El Tobal y Los Pozos generaron respuestas de subletalidad (Kruskal-Wallis; P < 0.05) y letalidad. Se registra presencia positiva de al menos cinco plaguicidas no cuantificados antes en la cuenca (clorotalonilo, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT y congéneres). Estos resultados indicarían una potencial influencia negativa de las actividades antropogénicas sobre organismos acuáticos nativos, con posibles consecuencias sobre la composición, estructura y función de las comunidades hidrobiológicas.(AU)

Abstract Lago de Tota basin is currently being impacted by human activities like agriculture, deforestation, large-scale fish farming and monoculture of onion long (Allium fistulosum) with high use of agrochemicals and chicken manure that contaminate runoff to aquatic systems in the largest high mountain lake in Colombia. We implemented toxicity tests to evaluate possible deleterious effects of contaminants on H. attenuata and D. magna, model organisms commonly used in aquatic contamination assessment. Firstly, the organisms were acclimated and toxicity tests were validated in laboratory conditions. Later, water and sediments (elutriates) were evaluated from tributaries of Lago de Tota basin: Hato Laguna, El Tobal, Los Pozos, and Agua Blanca stream, during two contrasting hydroclimatic periods. In addition, pesticides in sediments were evaluated with chromatography, spectrometry and ultraviolet detection techniques. Acute toxicity tests showed that H. attenuata was more sensitive than D. magna, as it showed sublethal (Kruskal-Wallis; P < 0.05) and lethal responses to exposure to waters and elutriates from Hato Laguna, El Tobal, and Los Pozos. At least five pesticides not quantified before in the basin were detected in chemical analyses (chlorothalonil, aldrin, dieldrin, DDT y congeners). These results indicate that anthropogenic activities have a potentially negative influence in aquatic communities composition, structure, and function, it´s demand attention in future research.(AU)

Concepciones de infancia en una escuela con altos índices de violencia escolar de estudiantes a profesores / Conceptions of infancy in school with high rates of school violence student to teachers / Concepções de infância na escola com altas taxas de professores-estudantes violência escolar

A través de un estudio cuasietnográfico en una escuela primaria con altos índices de intimidación de los estudiantes hacia sus profesores, se busca analizar las concepciones de infancia implícitas en los discursos de la comunidad escolar y su sentido para la validación de prácticas e interacciones escolares violentas. Para ello, se realizaron observaciones persistentes, entrevistas individuales y grupales y análisis de documentos oficiales, los que fueron analizados bajo el análisis de contenido categorial temático. Los resultados muestran cómo la Escuela activa diversos mecanismos para validar la infancia como espacio de tránsito, y coloca como referente una forma de adultocentrismo que se expresa en prácticas de control y discriminación. Se discuten los sentidos construidos acerca de la niñez y sus implicancias para la construcción de subjetividades infantiles.

This is a study in a primary school with high indexes of intimidation from the students to his professors. It looks for analyse the conceptions of implicit infancy in the discourses of the school community. For this study, we made persistent observations, to individual participants and groups interviews, analysis of official documents that were conducted and analysed under the analysis of thematic categorial content. The results show how the schools are using some mechanisms to validate the infancy like space of passage. The schools are placing like referent for this mechanism a form of adultcentrism that it express in practices of control and discrimination. The senses built about childhood and its implications for the construction of children’s subjectivities are discussed.

Por meio de uma pesquisa cuasietnográfica em uma escola primária com altos índices de intimidação de alunos para com seus professores, busca-se analisar as concepções de infância implícitas nos discursos da comunidade escolar. Para isso se realizaram observações persistentes, entrevistas individuais e grupais e foram examinados documentos oficiais, informação que foi analisada por meio da análise de conteúdo categorial temático. Os resultados mostram como a Escola ativa diversos mecanismos para validar a infância como espaço de trânsito, colocando como referente para isso uma forma de adultocentrismo que por sua vez se expressa em práticas de controle e discriminação. Os sentidos construídos sobre a infância e suas implicações para a construção de subjetividades das crianças são discutidos.

Tolerability assessment of a lectin fraction from Tepary bean seeds (Phaseolus acutifolius) orally administered to rats.

Our previous studies have shown that a lectin rich fraction (TBLF) extracted from Tepary bean seeds differentially inhibits cancer cells proliferation in vitro. Before testing the in vivo anticancer effect, the acute and subchronic toxicological assays in rats were conducted, where an oral dose of 50 mg/body weight kg was determined as the NOAEL. This study evaluated the resistance to digestion and complete blood count (CBC) after 24 h of the orally administered 50 mg/kg TBLF. The digestion resistance test showed lectins activity retention after 72 h and the CBC study showed a high level of eosinophils, suggesting an allergic-like response. Tolerability was assayed after 6 weeks of treatment by dosing with an intragastric cannula every third day per week. It was observed a transient reduction in food intake and body weight in the first weeks, resulting in body weight gain reduction of 10% respect to the control group at the end of the study. Additionally, organs weight, histopathological analysis and blood markers for nutritional status and for liver, pancreas and renal function were not affected. Our results suggest that 50 mg/kg TBLF administered by oral route, exhibit no toxicity in rats and it was well tolerated. Further studies will focus on long-term studies.

Caracterizaciónllimnológica de humedales de la lanicie de inundación del río oorinoco (orinoquía, Cooombia) / Limnological characterization of wetlands of the floodplain of the Orinoco river ( Orinoco , Colombia )

En este estudio se desarrolló una caracterización física y química de los principales ríos, quebradas y humedales de la región aledaña a la ciudad de Puerto Carreño (Vichada, Colombia) en la época de aguas altas y bajas del Río Orinoco; y una caracterización biológica durante la época de aguas bajas. La mayor parte de los sistemas presentaron pH ácido y una baja concentración de iones y nutrientes. El régimen hidrológico tuvo un impacto importante sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos: Durante el periodo de agua altas, aumentó la transparencia y la concentración de algunos nutrientes y se presentó una reducción en la conductividad y la clorofila-a. En aguas bajas, los grupos dominantes de algas fueron Bacillariophyceae y Zygnemaphyceae; la composición taxonómica del zooplancton fue común a la encontrada en otros sistemas del complejo Amazónico-Orinoqués. Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados estuvieron dominadas por Coleoptera, Odonata y Ephemeroptera y la mayor diversidad de grupos funcionales y de morfotipos se presentó en sustratos de hojarasca. Los resultados sugieren que la vegetación de la ribera juega un papel muy importante en el mantenimiento de una fuente de energía y un refugio para las comunidades acuáticas durante el periodo de aguas bajas. Así mismo, la baja mineralización de estos ecosistemas los hace muy susceptibles a contaminación de fuentes urbanas, agrícolas y ganaderas.

We carried out a physical and chemical characterization of the major rivers, streams and wetlands of the surrounding area of the town of Puerto Carreño ( Vichada , Colombia ) in the flooding and dry seasons, as well as a biological characterization in the dry season. Most of the studied systems showed an acid pH and low ion and nutrient concentrations. The hydrologic regime has an important impact on aquatic ecosystems: during the flooding season, transparency and the concentration of some nutrients increased but conductivity and chlorophyll-a levels decreased. During the dry season, the dominant algal groups were Bacillariophyceae and Zygnemaphyceae, and the taxonomic composition of zooplankton was similar to those found in other systems of the Amazon-Orinoco complex. Macroinvertebrate communities were dominated by Coleoptera, Odonata and Ephemeroptera, and the greatest diversity of functional groups and morphotypes was recorded in litter substrates. Results suggest that the bank vegetation plays a very important role in providing a source of energy and shelter to aquatic communities during the dry season, but at the same time the low mineralization of these ecosystems renders them very susceptible to pollution from urban, agricultural and cattle ranching sources.

Síndrome de Edwards: presentación de un caso clínico / Syndrome of Edwards: presentation of a case clinical

Síndrome de Edwards una patología polimalformativa, ocasionada por trisonomía 18; frecuencia 1/8.000 RN. 95 por ciento de los fetos son abortados espontaneamente. La supervivencia postnatal es desde pocos días hasta algunos meses. 95 por ciento de casos son trisomía completa (no-disyunción). Lactante de 8 meses, embarazo complicado con retardo de crecimiento intrauterino, polihidramnios. Al nacer se observó occipucio prominente, micrognatia, paladar ojival, mano trió¢mica, talón en martillo, hipertricosis, soplo sistólico, hiporreflexia e hipotonía. Los primeros 20 días el diagnóstico es cierto. Cariotipo al quinto mes: femenino anormal 47 XX+18. A pesar de ser la segunda trisomía en frecuencia sospechable en etapa prenatal o neonatal y definitivamente por cariotipo, se dificulta su diagnostico debido al acceso limitado a dichos estudios en nuestra localidad. En este sentido, consideramos necesario conocer su presentación, para ofrecer orientación adecuada y asesoramiento genético oportuno.

Los jóvenes en democracia : la cultura política de la juventud cochabambina

Este libro presenta cuatro capítulos: 1.- Referido a la contextualización de la democracia y la cultura política y establece el contexto referencial de la ciudad de Cochabamba en su dimensión política e ideológica. 2.-Destaca la vinculación del jóven con la democracia y sus valores, el 2habitus" democrático de la juventud y su comportamiento electoral. 3.- Se analiza la relación del jóven con las instituciones democráticas, su participación en los partidos políticosy en las organizaciones sociales, además de su percepción sobre la denominada "Guerra del agua". 4.- Se refiere a la socialización política, donde se observa el proceso de (des)ideologización y la influencia política en el jóven, así como la relación entre la institucionalidad democrática y la juventud.

Los jóvenes en el umbral del nuevo milenio: la (des)esperanza democrática en la cultura política de la juventud cochabambina

Este estudio se concentra en la indagación de las percepciones, creencias y actitudes de un sector de la población en torno a las mediaciones institucionales de la democracia y su capacidad de canalizar las demandas y necesidades de la sociedad civil. En concreto, el objeto de este trabajo es realizar el análisis de los valores, percepciones, actitudes y orientaciones que hacen a la cultura política de los jóvenes de la ciudad de Cochabamba teniendo en cuenta qué tipo de factores los determinan en mayor medida. Ello, desde una perspectiva comparativa, tomando en cuenta las estratificaciones sociales según el Indice de Desarrollo Humano (estratos altos, medio y bajo).