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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 62(3): 133-139, mar. 2015. gr
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-133610

RESUMO

Objetivo: Las cifras del índice biespectral (BIS) en las que un paciente está adecuadamente anestesiado para la realización de endoscopias digestivas altas (EDA) en respiración espontánea están por definir. Por ello se decide realizar este estudio, para determinar un nivel de BIS adecuado, lo menos profundo posible en el paciente pediátrico anestesiado, para la realización de EDA en respiración espontánea sin aparición de reflejo nauseoso y/o respuesta motora. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo. La población de estudio fueron niños entre 12 y 167 meses, ASA I-II, que precisaban EDA diagnóstica; se estudiaron un total de 61 pacientes. El periodo analizado fue de octubre de 2011 a marzo de 2013. Intervenciones Realización de EDA aplicando protocolo de anestesia con propofol. La monitorización realizada fue: constantes vitales (frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, saturación por pulsioximetría y presión arterial no invasiva), puntuación de la escala de Ramsay y valor del BIS. El primer intento de EDA se realizó con BIS 60-69; si no era posible, se procedía a profundización anestésica, realizando el segundo intento con valores del BIS 50-59; si tampoco era posible la realización de la EDA, se procedía de nuevo a profundización anestésica, realizando el tercer intento con BIS 45-49. Las variables de interés fueron: dosis total de propofol (mg kg−1 ), tiempo de inducción (tiempo necesario desde el inicio de la administración de la anestesia hasta inicio de la EDA sin rechazo por parte del paciente), valor del BIS efectivo (BISe) al inicio de la EDA. Se realizó una regresión logística para estimar la posibilidad de realización de EDA según el valor del BIS. Resultados: Sesenta y un pacientes con la siguiente distribución: sexo masculino 40%, femenino 60%. Pacientes menores de 36meses, 11 (18%); mayores, 50 (82%). Datos expresados como media y desviación típica. Edad (meses): 95,9 ± 45,86; peso (kg): 30,5 ± 14,68. BIS efectivo: 56,41 ± 4,63. Tiempo de inducción (min): 11,07 ± 2,69. Dosis de propofol total (por kg): 4.86 ± 1,21. Necesitaron bolo adicional de propofol 38 pacientes (62%): 7/38 (18%) por presencia de movimientos y 31/38 (82%) por aumento del BIS. No hubo diferencias significativas entre valor del BISe por edades. Conclusiones: En base a estos resultados se puede concluir que en la población pediátrica estudiada niveles de BIS menores de 59 predicen que sí es posible realizar la EDA con una sensibilidad del 72,13% y una especificidad del 88,06% (AU)


Objective: The bispectral index (BIS) values that predict appropriate anesthetic level to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in spontaneous breathing are not well established in Pediatrics. The objective of this study is to determine whether it is possible to find an appropriate, less profound, BIS level in the pediatric patient that would enable an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) to be performed in spontaneous breathing without causing gag reflex or motor response. Material and method: A prospective study was designed and included 61 patients from 12- 167 months old, and an ASA I-II who needed a diagnostic UGE. The study was conducted from October 2011 to March 2013.
Intervention: UGE performed with an anesthetic protocol using propofol. The vital signs measured were heart and respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure. The sedation level score (Ramsay scale) and BIS values were also measured. The first attempt was performed at BIS level 60-69, and this was not feasible, then the anesthetic was deepened and a second attempt made at BIS level 50-59. If this was still not possible a deeper anesthetic level was then achieved and a third attempt made at BIS level 45-49. Variables of interest were: effective BIS level (eBIS), BIS level at which UGE was performed without gag reflex or motor response; propofol total dose (mg kg−1 ), induction time (time from onset of sedation to effective start of UGE). A logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain an equation to estimate the possibility of UGE success. Results: The distribution of the patient was: male 40%, female 60%, with 11 (18%) patients under 36 months. The statistical values are expressed as mean and standard deviation, with following results; age (months): 95.9 ± 45.86; weight (kg): 30.5 ± 14.68; effective BIS: 56.41 ± 4.63; induction time (minutes): 11.07 ± 2.69; total propofol dose (per kg): 4.86 ± 1.21. An additional intraprocedure propofol bolus was given in 38 patients (62%), with 7/38 of them (18%) due to movement, and 31/38 (82%) due to BIS level increase. No statistical differences were found in effective BIS level between older and younger patients. Conclusions: According to the results, BIS levels below 59 predict UGE success, with 72.13% sensitivity and 88.06% specificity in the pediatric population studied (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Anestesia/métodos , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Segurança do Paciente
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 62(3): 133-9, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25048996

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The bispectral index (BIS) values that predict appropriate anesthetic level to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in spontaneous breathing are not well established in Pediatrics. The objective of this study is to determine whether it is possible to find an appropriate, less profound, BIS level in the pediatric patient that would enable an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) to be performed in spontaneous breathing without causing gag reflex or motor response. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective study was designed and included 61 patients from 12-167 months old, and an ASAI-II who needed a diagnostic UGE. The study was conducted from October 2011 to March 2013. INTERVENTION: UGE performed with an anesthetic protocol using propofol. The vital signs measured were heart and respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure. The sedation level score (Ramsay scale) and BIS values were also measured. The first attempt was performed at BIS level 60-69, and this was not feasible, then the anesthetic was deepened and a second attempt made at BIS level 50-59. If this was still not possible a deeper anesthetic level was then achieved and a third attempt made at BIS level 45-49. Variables of interest were: effective BIS level (eBIS), BIS level at which UGE was performed without gag reflex or motor response; propofol total dose (mgkg(-1)), induction time (time from onset of sedation to effective start of UGE). A logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain an equation to estimate the possibility of UGE success. RESULTS: The distribution of the patient was: male 40%, female 60%, with 11 (18%) patients under 36 months. The statistical values are expressed as mean and standard deviation, with following results; age (months): 95.9±45.86; weight (kg): 30.5±14.68; effective BIS: 56.41±4.63; induction time (minutes): 11.07±2.69; total propofol dose (per kg): 4.86±1.21. An additional intra-procedure propofol bolus was given in 38 patients (62%), with 7/38 of them (18%) due to movement, and 31/38 (82%) due to BIS level increase. No statistical differences were found in effective BIS level between older and younger patients. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, BIS levels below 59 predict UGE success, with 72.13% sensitivity and 88.06% specificity in the pediatric population studied.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Monitores de Consciência , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 79(2): 83-87, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-116476

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo del presente trabajo es demostrar si la aplicación del índice biespectral (BIS®) en la monitorización de la anestesia general en respiración espontánea en endoscopias digestivas altas (EDA) diagnósticas en el paciente pediátrico es útil para: a) disminuir la dosis de fármaco necesaria; b) disminuir el tiempo del despertar, y c) mejorar la seguridad del paciente. Pacientes y método: estudio prospectivo cuasi experimental de casos y controles en el ámbito de una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos y neonatales de segundo nivel. Pacientes: niños entre 12 meses y 13 años. Caso: paciente ASA I que precisa EDA diagnóstica; sujetos elegibles 36, participantes 30. Población control: serie histórica de pacientes que precisaron EDA (años 2008-2010): 50 pacientes. Intervenciones: realización de EDA, aplicando protocolo de anestesia, monitorización de constantes vitales, nivel de sedación (escala de Ramsay) y nivel BIS. Variables de interésdosis total de propofol (mg/kg), tiempo de inducción, tiempo de EDA y tiempo de despertar (min); índice BIS al inicio de la EDA (BISi) y durante la EDA; efectos adversos. Resultados: Sin diferencias significativas entre casos (B) y controles (C) respecto a sexo, edad y peso. Sin diferencias significativas en: dosis total de propofol (B 4,9 ± 1,4 mg/kg; C 5,2 ± 1,6 mg/kg, p = 0,492), Tiempo de despertar (B 12,2 ± 4,6 min; C 12,8 ± 4,4 min, p = 0,402), tiempo de procedimiento (B 9,5 ± 4,8 min; C 11,3 ± 6,5 min, p = 0,335) y tiempo de inducción (B 11,1 ± 2,6 min; C 10,1 ± 4,2 min, p = 0,059). BISi 55,4 ± 6,9. Sin diferencias significativas en efectos adversos (2 casos de desaturación leve en el grupo control). Conclusiones: La monitorización anestésica con índice biespectral en endoscopias digestivas altas en respiración espontánea en la población pediátrica es factible, pero no parece disminuir ni la dosis de fármaco necesaria ni el tiempo de despertar. Tampoco disminuye la incidencia de efectos adversos de forma significativa (AU)


Introduction: The objective of this investigation is to determine whether bispectral index (BIS®) monitoring during intravenous anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in a pediatric population is useful for: a) decreasing the amount of drug, b) decreasing the time for awakening, and c) improving patient safety. Patients and method A quasi-experimental case-control prospective study was conducted in the setting of a second level hospital pediatric intensive care unit. Patients: Children aged 1-13 years. Case: ASA I patient who needed a diagnostic UGE; eligible, 36, participants, 30. Control: historical cohort of patients who needed UGE (years 2008-2010): 50 patients. Intervention: UGE performed with anaesthetic protocol, vital signs monitoring, sedation level (Ramsay scale) and BIS monitoring. Variables of interestpropofol total dose (mg/kg), induction time, time in performing the UGE, awakening time (min); initial BIS (iBIS), and BIS during the UGE; adverse effects. Results: There were no significant differences in sex, age or weight between case (B) and control (C) population. No significant differences in total propofol doses: (B 4.9 ± 1.4 mg/kg; C 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg, P=.492), awakening time (B 12.2 ± 4.6 min; C 12.8 ± 4.4 min, P=.402), time for execution of UGE (B 9.5 ± 4.8 min; C 11.3 ± 6.5 min, P=.335) and induction time (B 11.1 ± 2.6 min; C 10.1 ± 4.2 min, P=.059), iBIS 55.4 ± 6.9. There were no significant differences in adverse effects: 2 patients suffered from mild desaturation in the control group. Conclusions: BIS monitoring for diagnostic UGE in spontaneous breathing in a pediatric population is feasible, but does not appear to decrease awakening time or the amount of propofol needed. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of adverse effects (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Anestesia/métodos , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodos , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Segurança do Paciente , Estudos de Casos e Controles
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 79(2): 83-7, 2013 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23384651

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this investigation is to determine whether bispectral index (BIS®) monitoring during intravenous anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in a pediatric population is useful for: a) decreasing the amount of drug, b) decreasing the time for awakening, and c) improving patient safety. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A quasi-experimental case-control prospective study was conducted in the setting of a second level hospital pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Children aged 1-13 years. CASE: ASA I patient who needed a diagnostic UGE; eligible, 36, participants, 30. CONTROL: historical cohort of patients who needed UGE (years 2008-2010): 50 patients. INTERVENTION: UGE performed with anaesthetic protocol, vital signs monitoring, sedation level (Ramsay scale) and BIS monitoring. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: propofol total dose (mg/kg), induction time, time in performing the UGE, awakening time (min); initial BIS (iBIS), and BIS during the UGE; adverse effects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sex, age or weight between case (B) and control (C) population. No significant differences in total propofol doses: (B 4.9 ± 1.4 mg/kg; C 5.2 ± 1.6 mg/kg, P=.492), awakening time (B 12.2 ± 4.6 min; C 12.8 ± 4.4 min, P=.402), time for execution of UGE (B 9.5 ± 4.8 min; C 11.3 ± 6.5 min, P=.335) and induction time (B 11.1 ± 2.6 min; C 10.1 ± 4.2 min, P=.059), iBIS 55.4 ± 6.9. There were no significant differences in adverse effects: 2 patients suffered from mild desaturation in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: BIS monitoring for diagnostic UGE in spontaneous breathing in a pediatric population is feasible, but does not appear to decrease awakening time or the amount of propofol needed. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of adverse effects.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Monitores de Consciência , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 75(2): 124-128, ago. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-92447

RESUMO

Introducción: Los procedimientos invasivos (PI) constituyen una parte importante de las causas de ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica de segundo nivel. El paciente pediátrico tiene unas características especiales que motivan que para los PI se haga un enfoque anestésico diferente que en el adulto y frecuentemente precisan una sedación profunda. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue valorar la seguridad y eficacia del propofol en infusión continua en la población pediátrica para la sedación en endoscopias digestivas altas (EDA) diagnósticas en respiración espontánea. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional. Periodo de estudio: septiembre del 2009 a mayo del 2010. Ámbito: unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de un hospital de segundo nivel. Población diana: pacientes pediátricos que precisaban la realización de EDA diagnóstica. Intervenciones: protocolo de sedoanalgesia: fentanilo (bolo inicial 1μg/kg, siguientes dosis a 0,5μg/kg), propofol (bolo inicial lento a 1-2mg/kg e infusión continua a 3-4mg/kg/h, siguientes bolos a 0,5-1mg/kg y aumento de la infusión en 1mg/kg/h hasta un máximo de 6mg/kg/h). Objetivo: alcanzar un grado 5-6 en la escala de Ramsay modificada y amnesia del procedimiento. Variables de interés principales: a) dosis de fármacos administrados; b) tiempo de inducción, duración del procedimiento, tiempo de recuperación; c) grado de sedoanalgesia y amnesia, y d) efectos adversos. Resultados: Se expresan como mediana y valores de rango IQ. Se realizaron 31 sedoanalgesias para 31 EDA diagnósticas. La indicación de EDA fue: sospecha de celiaquía (84%) o dispepsia (16%). Edad 8 años (2-11). Dosis total de propofol administrada 5 (3,8-6,2) mg/kg y el ritmo de infusión continua (IC) 4 (3,8-4,5) mg/kg/h. Dosis de fentanilo administrada 1 (1-1) μg/kg. Tiempo de inducción 6 (5-9) min, duración del procedimiento 15 (10-25) min y el tiempo de despertar/recuperación 10 (9-14) min. Sólo un paciente presentó efectos adversos (vómitos), pudiendo realizarse el procedimiento en el 100%. Los 21 pacientes mayores de 4 años tuvieron amnesia del procedimiento. Conclusiones: La administración de propofol en infusión continua para endoscopias digestiva altas diagnósticas en respiración espontánea parece segura y eficaz (AU)


Introduction: Invasive procedures (IP) are an important reason for admision to PICU. Paediatric patients need a special anaesthetic approach and deep sedation is frequently required. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion propofol to achieve sedation for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in spontaneous breathing. Patients and methods: Prospective observational study. Scope: Secondary hospital Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Period of study September 2009 to May 2010. Patients: Children subjected to diagnostic UGE. Intervention: sedation-analgesia protocol with: fentanyl (1 ug/kg for first dose and 0.5 ug/kg for the next one), propofol (1-2mg/kg for first dose and continuous infusion at 3-4mg/kg/h, if needed, subsequent doses at 0.5-1mg/kg and increasing infusion from 1mg/kg/h up to 6mg/kg/h maximum). The objective was to reach 5-6 grade for modified Ramsay scale and amnesia related to UGE. Main endpoints: a) dose of drugs, b) time to sedoanalgesia, recovery and length for the procedure, c) sedoanalgesis grade and amnesia related to procedure and d) adverse effects. Results: Expressed as median and interquartile range; 31 sedoanalgesias were performed on 31 children for UGE. Indications for UGE were suspected coeliac disease (84%) or dyspeptic syndrome (16%). Mean age was 8 (2-11) years. Propofol total dose 5 (3.8-6.2) mg/kg. Propofol infusion rate 4 (3.8-4.5) mg/kg/h. Fentanyl dose 1 (1-1) μg/kg. Induction time 6 (5-9) minutes, procedural time 15 (10-25) minutes and recovery/awake time 10 (9-14) minutes. Adverse effects observed consisted of 1 patient vomiting. UGE was successfully achieved in 100%. Amnesia was achieved in all of the 21 patients older than 4 years. Conclusions: Continuous propofol infusion seems to be both effective and safe to achieve sedation for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in spontaneously breathing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Anestesia/métodos , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico
6.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 75(2): 124-8, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21429829

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Invasive procedures (IP) are an important reason for admision to PICU. Paediatric patients need a special anaesthetic approach and deep sedation is frequently required. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion propofol to achieve sedation for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) in spontaneous breathing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study. SCOPE: Secondary hospital Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Period of study September 2009 to May 2010. PATIENTS: Children subjected to diagnostic UGE. INTERVENTION: sedation-analgesia protocol with: fentanyl (1 ug/kg for first dose and 0.5 ug/kg for the next one), propofol (1-2 mg/kg for first dose and continuous infusion at 3-4 mg/kg/h, if needed, subsequent doses at 0.5-1 mg/kg and increasing infusion from 1 mg/kg/h up to 6 mg/kg/h maximum). The objective was to reach 5-6 grade for modified Ramsay scale and amnesia related to UGE. Main endpoints: a) dose of drugs, b) time to sedoanalgesia, recovery and length for the procedure, c) sedoanalgesis grade and amnesia related to procedure and d) adverse effects. RESULTS: Expressed as median and interquartile range; 31 sedoanalgesias were performed on 31 children for UGE. Indications for UGE were suspected coeliac disease (84%) or dyspeptic syndrome (16%). Mean age was 8 (2-11) years. Propofol total dose 5 (3.8-6.2) mg/kg. Propofol infusion rate 4 (3.8-4.5) mg/kg/h. Fentanyl dose 1 (1-1) µg/kg. Induction time 6 (5-9) minutes, procedural time 15 (10-25) minutes and recovery/awake time 10 (9-14) minutes. Adverse effects observed consisted of 1 patient vomiting. UGE was successfully achieved in 100%. Amnesia was achieved in all of the 21 patients older than 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous propofol infusion seems to be both effective and safe to achieve sedation for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in spontaneously breathing.


Assuntos
Sedação Profunda , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Propofol/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/efeitos adversos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Propofol/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração
10.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(4): 325-331, jul.-ago. 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119740

RESUMO

Antecedentes. Los estudios de incidencia de diabetes tipo 1 son prioritarios para establecer tendencias y diferencias geográficas que ayuden a clarificar los factores ambientales que pueden intervenir. Y a un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo. Conocer la incidencia de diabetes tipo 1, en la población de 0-14 años de edad, de la provincia de Jaén, durante el periodo 1995-2000. Pacientes y métodos. Diseño observacional, longitudinal y retropectivo. Los criterios de definición de casos fueron: criterios diagnósticos (normas del “NDDG” y “ADA”, edad de 0-14 años, y residencia de Jaén de forma habitual. La fuente de identificación fueron las historias clínicas de la red hospitalaria provincial. La población de rieso se estableció según datos y estimaciones censales. Se calculó la densidad de incidencia por años yla incidencia media para los seis años de estudio. Resultados. La incidencia media observada en Jaén es de 15.24 casos/105 niños-año; apreciándose, desde el año 1996 a 2000 una ligerísima tendencia a la disminución de las incidencias anuales (20,2 casos /105 niños a 12,1 casos/105). Se observó un ligero predominio de incidencia entre los varones, muy marcado en el grupo de 0-4 años de edad, donde el cociente de incidencias varón: mujer alcanza una cifra de cuatro. El grupo de edad de 5-9 años es el de mayor incidencia de diabetes, siendo llamativa la baja incidencia observada en niñas de 0-4 años de edad. Conclusiones. La incidencia de diabetes tipo 1 en Jaén en menor de la esperada y se observa una relativa estabilidad o ligero descenso en el peiodo de 1996-2000 (AU)


Introduction. The studies about incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1) are very important in order to establish geographical differences and to clarify the role of environment factors in the pathogenesis of the illness. Objedtive. Knowing the incidence of DM_1 in children younger than 14 years old in Jaén from 1995-2000. Patients and methods. We notice a slight tendency for annual incidence to go dow (from 20,2 cases/105 children to 12,1 cases/105). There was a slightly greater incidence in males than in females, specially in children 0 to 4 years of age. The highest incidence was observed among children 5 to 9 years of age and the lowest one in children diagnosed within the first year of live. Conclusions. The incidence of DM_1 in Jaén is lower than we expected and there is an very slight tendency to lower form 1996 to 2000 (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina/tendências , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
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