RESUMO
La búsqueda de fuentes nutricionales alternativas, para el cultivo masivo de microorganismos, ha sido una práctica común en el área de la microbiología industrial. Sin embargo, no en todos los casos es factible hacer estas sustituciones, ya que la presencia o ausencia de ciertos nutrientes puede condicionar el crecimiento celular, así como la expresión de algunos metabolitos. En la presente investigación se formularon una serie de medios a base de hidrolizado de caseína y extracto del micelio de Aspergillus niger, para sustituir los componentes del medio Luria-Bertani (LB) en el cultivo de una cepa de Escherichia coli mejorada genéticamente. Se evaluó la calidad de los medios siguiendo el crecimiento bacteriano, comparando los parámetros cinéticos y analizando el perfil electroforético de las proteínas y ácidos nucléicos celulares totales, recuperados de los paquetes celulares al final de los cultivos. Se encontró que el medio formulado con 75% de hidrolizado de caseína y 75% de extracto del hongo, favorece el crecimiento celular y la expresión genética de igual manera que el medio LB. El perfil de proteínas celulares varía significativamente si se utiliza una proporción menor, indicando un límite en la reducción de componentes nutritivos del medio alternativo.
The search for alternative nutritional sources for mass microorganism cultures has been a common practice in the area of industrial microbiology. Nevertheless, it not possible to use these substitutes in all cases since the presence or absence of certain nutrients can condition cellular growth, as well as the expression of certain metabolites. In the present investigation several media were formulated based on casein hidrolyzate and Aspergillus niger mycelium extract to substitute the components of Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, for culturing a genetically improved Escherichia coli strain. The quality of the media was evaluated by following bacterial growth, comparing the kinetic parameters and analyzing the protein electrophoretic profile and total cell nucleic acids recovered from the cell packages of final cultures. It was found that the medium formulated with 75% casein hidrolyzate and 75% fungus extract favors cell growth and genetic expression in a similar fashion to LB medium. The cell protein profile varies significantly if a smaller proportion is used, indicating a limit in the reduction of nutritive components of the alternative medium.
RESUMO
Efficient systems for in vitro translation are of importance for biochemical and gene expression studies as well as for biotechnological developments. We optimized a cell-free translation system using subcellular fractions from human placenta and high quality placental tRNAs isolated using a simple and fast procedure. The postmitochondrial fraction or a reconstituted system containing soluble proteins plus polysomes were able to efficiently translate endogenous and exogenous mRNAs. Optima for ions, enzymes, tRNA and energy mix components were determined for a poly(U)-directed poly(Phe) synthesis test. The use of homologous tRNAPhe, omission of commercial creatine kinase, and addition of 3.5 mM spermidine at near physiological magnesium concentration (2.5 mM), were the most significant improvements. Under optimal conditions, poly(Phe) synthesis proceeded at a maximal initial rate of 1.2 Phe/80S/min at 37 degrees C, while natural mRNA translation by S-30 started at a near in vivo estimated rate of 0.3-0.5 amino acid/80S/sec. Furthermore, natural mRNA directed the synthesis of a family of polypeptides closely resembling the pattern of cytoplasmic proteins in both, molecular weight and relative amounts. This efficient and faithful system is of interest for biochemical studies of the human translational machinery, as well as a basis for screening new drugs affecting protein synthesis in pathogenic microorganisms.
