Influence of Bleaching Regimen and Time Elapsed on Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Enamel.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of time elapsed since bleaching and different bleaching regimens on the microtensile bond strength of resin composite to enamel. METHODOLOGY: Forty flattened buccal enamel surfaces were divided into four groups: An unbleached (control) group and three bleaching groups. Control group specimens were not subjected to a bleaching regimen (Group 1), while those in the bleaching groups were bleached as follows: opalescence 10% (Group 2), whiteness perfect 16% (Group 3), and whiteness hydrogen peroxide 35% (Group 4). Thereafter, the bleached specimens were divided into three subgroups (n = 4 teeth each) for restoration according to predetermined posttreatment time intervals (immediately, 1 week, and 2 weeks). Bonded specimens were then sectioned and subjected to µTBS testing. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests at α = 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the µTBS of the resin composite to enamel in groups that were bonded immediately after bleaching and in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the µTBS in Groups 2, 3, and 4 decreased significantly 1-week postbleaching (P < 0.05). No significant difference in µTBS was observed between the bleached and unbleached groups 2 weeks after treatment (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adhesive restorative procedures could not be performed immediately or after 1 week irrespective of the type or concentration of bleaching system used. Composite restorations on bleached enamel surfaces should be performed after an interval of at least 2 weeks.

Investigation of the Er: YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities restored with different flowable composites.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Er:YAG laser and diamond bur cavity preparation on the marginal microleakage of Class V cavities. Group 1: bur preparation (bp) + Vertise Flow (VF); Group 2: laser preparation (lp) + VF; Group 3: bp + Adper Easy One (AEO) + Filtek Ultimate Flowable Composite (FUFC); Group 4: lp + AEO + FUFC; Group 5: bp + Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB) + Clearfil Majesty Flow (CMF); Group 6: lp + CSB + CMF. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < .05). More microleakage was observed in cervical regions compared to occlusal regions in all groups (p < .05). No significant difference was observed among all groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, respectively (p > .05). The use of the Er:YAG laser for cavity preparation with different adhesive systems and flowable composites did not influence microleakage.

Long-Term Fracture Resistance of Simulated Immature Teeth Filled with Various Calcium Silicate-Based Materials.

Objective. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term fracture resistance of simulated human immature permanent teeth filled with BioAggregate™ (BA), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and EndoSequence® Root Repair Material (ERRM). Material and Methods. 40 teeth, simulated to average root length of 13 ± 1 mm (Cvek's stage 3), were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1: DiaRoot® BA, Group 2: MTA-Plus™ (MTA-P), Group 3: MTA-Angelus (MTA-A), and Group 4: ERRM. The root canal filling materials were applied according to the manufacturers' instructions. After 24 months of incubation, the roots of the teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks and subjected to fracture testing. The resultant data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results. Mean (±SD) failure loads (MPa) were 20.46 ± 2.53 for BA, 18.88 ± 5.13 for MTA-P, 14.12 ± 1.99 for MTA-A, and 17.65 ± 4.28 for ERRM groups. BA group exhibited the highest and MTA-A group showed the lowest resistance to fracture. Significant differences in fracture resistance were found between the groups of BA and MTA-A (p < 0.001), MTA-P and MTA-A (p < 0.05), and ERRM and MTA-A (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, data suggests that BA-filled immature teeth demonstrate higher fracture resistance than other groups at 24 months appearing to be the most promising material tested.

Comparison of total-etch, self-etch, and selective etching techniques on class V composite restorations prepared by Er:YAG laser and bur: a scanning electron microscopy study.

The purpose of this study was to compare total-etch, self-etch, and selective etching techniques on the marginal microleakage of Class V composite restorations prepared by Er:YAG laser and bur. Class V cavities prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 premolars by Er:YAG laser or bur and divided into six groups. The occlusal margins were in enamel, and the cervical margins were in cementum. Group-1: bur preparation(bp)+Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB)+Filtek Z550 (FZ); Group-2: laser preparation(lp)+(ASB)+(FZ); Group-3: bp + Clearfil S3 Bond Plus (CSBP)+(FZ); Group-4: lp+(CSBP) (FZ); Group-5: bp + acid etching+(CSBP)+(FZ); Group-6: lp + acid etching+(CSBP)+(FZ). All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hr, and then thermocycled 1000 times (5-55°C). Five teeth from each group were chosen for the microleakage investigation, and two teeth for the scanning electron microscope evaluation. Teeth which were prepared for the microleakage test were immersed in .5% methylene blue dye for 24 hr. After immersion, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < .05). More microleakage was observed in the cervical regions compared to the occlusal regions in Groups 3, 5, and 6, respectively (p < .05). There is no statistically significant difference in Groups 1, 2, and 4, in terms of cervical regions versus occlusal regions (p > .05). No significant differences were observed among any groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, separately (p > .05). Different etching techniques did not influence microleakage of Class V restorations prepared by Er:YAG laser and bur.

Clinical management of a fused mandibular lateral incisor with supernumerary tooth: A case report.

The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a fused mandibular lateral incisor with supernumerary tooth with a follow-up for 18-months. A 35-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic with an extraoral sinus tract in the chin. The intraoral diagnosis revealed the fusion of her mandibular lateral incisors. Vitality pulp tests were negative for mandibular right central and lateral incisors. Radiographic examinations showed a fused tooth with two separate pulp chambers, two distinct roots, and two separate root canals. There were also periapical lesion of fused teeth and mandibular right central incisor, so endodontic treatment was carried out the related teeth. Radiographic examination revealed a complete healing of the lesion postoperatively at the end of 18-months. This paper reports the successful endodontic and restorative treatment of unilateral fused incisors. Because of the abnormal morphology of the crown and the complexity of the root canal system in fused teeth, treatment protocols require special attention.

Effect of different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations on class V composite restorations: A scanning electron microscopy study.

The purpose of this study was to compare different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations on the marginal microleakage of Class V resin composite restorations. A total of 45 extracted premolars were selected for the study. Class V cavities prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth by Er:YAG laser or bur and divided into nine groups. The occlusal margins were in enamel and the cervical margins were in cementum. Group-1: bur preparation; Group-2: laser preparation (lp) (600 mJ/5 Hz); Group-3: lp (300 mJ/10 Hz); Group-4: lp (200 mJ/15 Hz); Group-5: lp (150 mJ/20 Hz); Group-6: lp (200 mJ/20 Hz); Group-7: lp (300 mJ/14 Hz); Group-8: lp (400 mJ/10 Hz); Group-9: lp (700 mJ/5 Hz). All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, then thermocycled 1,000 times (5-55°C). Five teeth from each group were chosen for the microleakage investigation and two teeth for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation. Teeth, which were prepared for the microleakage test were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 h. After immersing, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p < 0.05). More microleakage was observed in cervical regions compared to occlusal regions in all groups (p < 0.05) except for Group 6 (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of occlusal and cervical surfaces, separately (p > 0.05). It may be concluded that the cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser showed higher degree of microleakage than bur prepared at cervical regions. Different parameters of Er:YAG laser irradiations affected microleakage. SCANNING 38:434-441, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effects of cavity-filling techniques on microleakage in class II resin restorations prepared with Er:YAG laser and diamond bur: A scanning electron microscopy study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how two cavity-filling techniques affect microleakage in class II resin restorations prepared with Er:YAG laser and diamond bur. Standard MO and DO cavities were prepared in 20 extracted third molars, each randomly assigned to either Group-1 [Herculite XRV Ultra-bur-prepared cavity(bp)], Group-2 [Herculite XRV Ultra-laser-prepared cavity(lp)], Group-3 (SonicFill-(bp)], or Group-4 [SonicFill-(lp)]. For Groups 2 and 4, cavities were prepared by using an Er:YAG laser with a wavelength of 2.94 µm, output power of 200 mJ/pulse, and repetition rate of 20Hz. Teeth were restored with a one-step, self-etch adhesive material (OptiBond All-in-One), a nanohybrid composite (Herculite XRV Ultra), and a bulk-fill composite (SonicFill) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Five teeth from each group were chosen for microleakage investigation and two teeth for scanning electron microscope evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test. Pair-wise comparisons were performed by Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). The statistical analysis of data revealed greater microleakage in cervical versus occlusal regions in all groups (P < 0.05). Group-2 yielded a higher degree of marginal leakage than Group-3 in terms of occlusal surfaces (p < 0.05). For cervical regions, a statistically significant difference was observed between Groups 2 and 3 as well as Groups 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). Group-3 exhibited significantly better marginal sealing than Group-1 in the cervical region (p < 0.05). The cavities prepared using an Er:YAG laser showed greater microleakage than those conventionally prepared using burs regardless of restorative material at both occlusal and cervical margins. SCANNING 38:389-395, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Retreatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with two separate root canals confirmed with cone beam computed tomography.

The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of a maxillary lateral incisor exhibiting two separate root canals confirmed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A 65-year-old female patient with an esthetic complaint regarding her maxillary left lateral incisor was referred to our clinic. During a radiographical examination, an endodontically treated root canal and an extra root canal with an apical lesion were observed. The retreatment was performed. CBCT findings confirmed the root canal mophology of the maxillary left lateral with two distinct canals. We conclude that the CBCT imaging is an adjunctive tool for better assessment of complex root canal systems.

The effect of bonding and surface sealant application on postoperative sensitivity from posterior composites.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the postoperative sensitivity of posterior Class I composite restoration at short-term, restorated with two different all-in-one self-etch adhesives with or without surface sealant application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 44 restorations were inserted in 11 patients who required Class I restorations in their molars. Each patient received 4 restorations, thus four groups were formed; (1) G-Aenial Bond (GC, Japan); (2) Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray, Japan); (3) G-Aenial Bond+Fortify Plus (Bisco, USA), (4) Clearfil S3 Bond+Fortify Plus. Sensitivity was evaluated at 24h, 7, 15, and 30 days using cold air, ice, and pressure stimuli using a visual analog scale. Comparisons of continuous variables between the sensitivity evaluations were performed using the Friedman's One-Way Analysis of Variance with repeated measures test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The type of adhesive used and the application of a surface sealant had no significant effects in postoperative sensitivity (p>0.05). The use of Clearfil S3 Bond resulted in almost the same level of postoperative sensitivity as did the use of G-Aenial Bond. The highest sensitivity scores were observed for the surface sealant applied teeth without any statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Self etch adhesives displayed postoperative sensitivity. The sensitivity scores slightly decreased at the end of 30 days (p>0.05). Surface sealant application did not result in a decrease in sensitivity scores for either dentin adhesives.

A randomized five-year clinical study of a two-step self-etch adhesive with or without selective enamel etching.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the five-year clinical performance of a two-step self-etch adhesive in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions with or without selective acid-etching of enamel margins. A total of 104 cervical restorations in 22 patients (46-64 years) were bonded following either self-etch approach (AdheSE non-etch) or a similar application, including selective acid-etching of enamel margins (AdheSE etch), and were restored with resin composite. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after one, two, three and five-years (84 restorations in 19 patients) according to the USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test. Cumulative retention rates for the non-etch and etch groups were 82.6% and 86.1% respectively. No significant differences were detected in the retention rates, marginal adaptations at dentin side and secondary caries between the groups. After five-years, the clinical performance of the two-step self-etch adhesive with or without selective acid-etching of enamel margins, was acceptable.

Effects of sports beverages and polishing systems on color stability of different resin composites.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of certain acidic beverages may alter the physical and esthetic properties of resin composites. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two sports beverages on color stability of two different types of resin composites polished with different composite polishing systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 disk-shaped specimens (diameter: 8-mm and thickness: 2-mm) were made from two different resin composites (Cavex Quadrant Universal-LC, and Clearfil-APX). All of the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C. Color measurements of each specimen were performed using a colorimeter according to the CIEL*a*b* color scale at baseline and after seven days of immersion in two different sports beverages (Powerade and Buzzer). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were evaluated using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the mean ΔE values of the groups after seven days of immersion (P < 0.05). The highest level of the mean color change was observed in the Clearfil APX specimens immersed in Powerade (ΔE = 3.5 ± 0.9). Control groups stored in distilled water for both composites exhibited small color changes (ΔE-Cavex-bur = 2.1 ± 1; ΔE-Clearfil APX-bur = 2.1 ± 0.4). CONCLUSION: Sport beverages caused discoloration in the resin composites after seven days.

Factors affecting sports-related orofacial injuries and the importance of mouthguards.

Sports dentistry is one of the most recent and upcoming fields in dentistry. It includes mainly the prevention and management of sports-related orofacial injuries and associated oral diseases or traumas. The dentist can play a critical role in informing athletes, coaches, and patients and their parents about the importance of prevention, treatment, and diagnosis for orofacial injuries in sports. The most significant aspect in preventing sports-related orofacial injuries is wearing basic protective devices such as properly fitting helmets, face masks, and/or mouthguards. A properly fitted mouthguard prevents violent contact between the upper and lower dentition. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials, there are three types of mouthguards: custom-fabricated mouthguards, mouth-formed guards, and stock mouthguards. Essential properties of the various materials used in the manufacture of mouthguards include water absorption, density, and thickness as well as temperature transmission, energy absorption, and drawing strength (tensile strength) of custom-made mouthguards. Currently, a variety of materials is being used for mouthguards, most commonly polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene copolymer or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl chloride. Mouthguard use is significant for athletes, since dentists play an important role in the design and application of these in clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to review the importance of mouthguard use, the incidence and location of orofacial sports injuries, the risk factors for such injuries, and the types of mouthguards and their roles in the prevention of sports-related orofacial injuries.

Diagnosis of occlusal caries using laser fluorescence versus conventional methods in permanent posterior teeth: a clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare three different caries detection methods [laser fluorescence (LFE), visual examination (VE), and radiological examination (RE)] for the detection of occlusal caries in permanent posterior teeth. BACKGROUND DATA: Early diagnosis of caries is critical in the management of dental caries. METHODS: Two examiners assessed the occlusal surfaces of 217 teeth by visual, radiographic, and laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent Pen) examination methods. After a 1 week interval, randomly selected patients were recalled. Each measurement was repeated by two examiners before the cases were selected for operative intervention to classify lesion depths. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS and Stata IC. The intra- and inter-examiner reliabilities and reproducibilities of the VE, RE, and LFE were calculated using Cohen's κ statistics. The sensitivities and specificities were plotted in receiver operating characteristic curves. The differences between LFE scores were analyzed using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The VE method exhibited the highest sensitivity, accuracy, and κ values among the diagnostic groups in terms of inter-examiner agreement. With regard to the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for the two examiners, significant differences were found between sensitivity and specificity for examiner 1, whereas no statistically significant differences were noted between sensitivity and specificity for examiner 2 for the LFE scores. CONCLUSIONS: The DIAGNOdent pen is useful for the detection of dentinal caries of occlusal surfaces in permanent posterior teeth. Combination with other diagnostic conventional methods may enhance the reliability of this tool.

Three-year clinical evaluation of a two-step self-etch adhesive with or without selective enamel etching in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective, controlled, randomized study was to evaluate the 3-year clinical performance of a two-step self-etch adhesive (AdheSE, Ivoclar Vivadent; Schaan, Liechtenstein) in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions with or without selective acid-etching of the enamel margins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients (mean age 51.5) having at least two pairs of non-carious cervical sclerotic erosion/attrition/abfraction lesions with incisal or occlusal margins in the enamel and gingival margins in the dentin were included in the study. The two-step self-etch adhesive was applied following either the self-etch approach (AdheSE non-etch, n = 52) or a similar application approach, including prior selective acid-etching of the enamel margins (AdheSE etch, n = 52). Composite resin Point 4 (Kerr Corp; Orange, CA, USA) was used as the restorative material for all 104 restorations. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years, according to the modified USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The retention rates for AdheSE non-etch were 100 %, 98 %, and 91.5 %; whereas, 100 %, 100 %, and 97.9 % retention rates were recorded for AdheSE etch after 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. No significant differences were detected between the retention rates, marginal adaptation at the dentin side, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity (p > 0.05). A significantly higher number of restorations in AdheSE non-etch group showed clinically acceptable slight marginal discoloration (p = 0.0001) and clinically acceptable small marginal defects at the enamel side (p = 0.008) than in the AdheSE etch group. CONCLUSIONS: After 3 years, the two-step self-etch adhesive exhibited acceptable clinical performance with or without selective enamel etching in non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selective acid-etching of the enamel margins enhanced the performance of the two-step self-etch adhesive in terms of marginal discoloration and marginal adaptation at the enamel side.

Influence of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, porcelain, enamel and dentin surfaces.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a prophylaxis paste on surface roughness of different composites, enamel, dentin and porcelain surfaces. METHODS: Three different composites (FiltekZ250/Group1, Filtek Supreme XT/Group2, Premise/Group3), enamel/Group4, dentin/Group5 and porcelain/Group6 samples were used in this study. All specimens were prepared flat by SiC discs and polished with a diamond polishing paste. The surface roughness measurements were determined with a profilometer after polishing (initial surface roughness). Prophylaxis paste was applied to the samples for 12 seconds, renewing every 6 seconds. After cleaning the samples, roughness values were measured again. Data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison test. Wilcoxon test was performed for the comparison of the initial and final surface roughness values (P<.05). The results were evaluated within the P<.05 confidence level. RESULTS: The initial and final surface roughness values (µm) were determined as follows: Group1: 0.039±0.009 and 0.157±0.018, Group2: 0.023±0.005 and 0.145±0.027, Group3: 0.028±0.008 and 0.109±0.012, Group4: 0.024±0.006 and 0.071±0.015, Group5: 0.030±0.007 and 0.143±0.029, Group6: 0.024±0.006 and 0.064±0.014. Significant difference was determined between the initial and final values for all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Composite and dentin surfaces were more affected by the application of prophylaxis paste than enamel and porcelain surfaces. The prophylaxis paste increased the surface roughness of all groups, but did not reach the bacterial retention roughness rate of 0.2µm.

Short-term treatment of periapical lesion of anterior tooth affected by microleakage using Nd:YAG laser. Case report.

Tooth-colored restorations are the first choice for anterior restorations. However, microleakage is a significant problem at the margins of anterior cavities restored with resin composites. Microleakage can cause pulpal irritation and periapical inflammation. Today, laser irradiation is used frequently for dental treatments. Nd:YAG laser has been used successfully in endodontic treatments. A 17-year-old male presented to our clinic with a maxillary right lateral incisor that resulted in microleakage of an old composite resin restoration. Clinical examination revealed swelling and abcess formation on the palatal mucosa. The radiographic examination was performed and an inflammation around the apex was diagnosed. Root canal preparation, canal sterilization by Nd:YAG laser and root canal filling were performed at the same visit. The patient was observed for two months. In the case presented here, short-term treatment of a periapical lesion of an anterior tooth affected by microleakage using the Nd:YAG laser is discussed.

Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiations on shear bond strength of three self-adhesive resin cements to dentin.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation on shear-bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin. BACKGROUND DATA: Different laser-irradiation settings are used for dentin-surface pretreatment, which may affect the bond strength of resins. METHODS: Fourty-five extracted third molars were selected, sectioned in a mesiodistal direction, and 90 tooth slabs were obtained. The teeth were ground to expose the dentinal hard tissue with 320- and 600-grit silicon carbide disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to nine groups (n = 10). Surfaces for each group were laser irradiated with 30 Hz/70 mJ (2.1 W), 30 Hz/160 mJ (4.8 W), or non-irradiated (control) for each resin cement (SmartCem2, RelyX Unicem, Multilink Automix). All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h after luting. Shear-bond testing was carried out by using a Universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The highest bond-strength value was obtained with SmartCem2, which was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (30 Hz/160 mJ). The lowest values were exhibited in the control group of SmartCem2, RelyX Unicem and Multilink Automix, respectively (4.92 ± 1.68, 7.17 ± 2.88, and 7.93 ± 3.05). CONCLUSION: The 2.1-W and 4.8-W laser ablation did not show any statistically difference for RelyX Unicem and Multilink Automix materials. However, in the SmartCem2 group, laser irradiated with 30 Hz/160 mJ application increased the bond-strength values, and the highest bond-strength results were obtained in this group.

Influence of different conditioning methods on the shear bond strength of novel light-curing nano-ionomer restorative to enamel and dentin.

The purpose of this study was to investigate shear bond strength (SBS) between a light-curing nano-ionomer restorative and enamel or dentin after acid etching, after erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser etching, or after combined treatment. Forty third molars were selected, the crowns were sectioned, and 80 tooth slabs were obtained. The specimens were assigned to two groups, which were divided into four subgroups(n = 10). Group 1 [enamel (e)], treated with 37% phosphoric acid (A) + Ketac nano-primer (K); group 2 [dentin (d)], (A) + (K); group 3(e), Er:YAG laser etching (L) + (A) + (K); group 4(d), (L) + (A) + (K); group 5(e), (L) + (K); group 6(d), (L) + (K); group 7(e), (K); group 8(d), (K). The SBS of the specimens was measured with a universal test machine (1 mm/min). Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc Duncan test (p < 0.05). No difference was determined between groups 3 and 5 (p > 0.05). Group 7 exhibited higher SBS values than those of groups 3 and 5 (p < 0.05). Group 1 showed higher SBSs than those of groups 3, 5 and 7 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups 4 and 6 (p > 0.05). No difference was observed between groups 2 and 4 (p > 0.05). However, group 2 presented higher SBSs than did group 6 (p < 0.05). Group 8 exhibited the highest SBS values when compared with groups 2, 4 and 6 (p < 0.05). Er:YAG laser adversely affected the adhesion of the light-curing nano-ionomer restorative to both enamel and dentin.

Microleakage and scanning electron microscopy evaluation of all-in-one self-etch adhesives and their respective nanocomposites prepared by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and bur.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of all-in-one self-etch adhesives and their respective nanocomposites in class V cavities prepared by erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser and bur. Class V cavities were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 72 premolars by Er:YAG laser or bur and divided into six groups (n = 24). The occlusal margins were enamel and the cervical margins were cementum. The groups were as follows: group 1 Er:YAG laser preparation (E) + Xeno V (X) + CeramX (C); group 2 bur preparation (B) + X + C; group 3 E + AdheSE One (A) + Tetric EvoCeram (T); group 4 B + A + T; group 5 E + Clearfil S3 Bond (CSB) + Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (CME); group 6 B + CSB + CME. All teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h, then thermocycled 500 times (5-55 degrees C). Ten teeth from each group were chosen for the microleakage investigation and two teeth for the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation. The teeth that were prepared for the microleakage test were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 h. After immersion, the teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). Bur-prepared cavities presented less microleakage in all groups for enamel (P < 0.05); however, in cervical margins, there were no differences between laser-prepared and bur-prepared cavities in the Xeno V + CeramX and AdheSE One + Tetric EvoCeram groups (P > 0.05). SEM observations of restorative material-dentin interfaces seemed to correspond with those of the microleakage test. Microleakage at the cervical interfaces was greater than that at the occlusal interfaces. Er:YAG laser-prepared class V cavities yielded more microleakage in occlusal margins with all-in-one self-etch adhesives and the respective manufacturer's nanocomposites.

Five-year clinical evaluation of 300 teeth restored with porcelain laminate veneers using total-etch and a modified self-etch adhesive system.

This study evaluated the long-term clinical performance of porcelain laminate veneers luted with hybrid composite in combination with total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems. The study was performed on 30 patients ranging in age between 28 and 54 years. Ten veneers were performed per patient in the maxillary arch. In Group 1, 150 teeth were treated with porcelain veneers, using a total-etch adhesive system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus, 3M ESPE). In Group 2, 150 teeth were bonded with a self-etch adhesive system (AdheSE, Ivoclar-Vivadent). All the veneers were luted with a light-cured hybrid composite (Z100, 3M ESPE). The patients were recalled after 1, 2 and 5 years. Modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were utilized to evaluate the porcelain laminate veneers in terms of marginal adaptation, cavo-surface marginal discoloration, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, satisfaction with restoration shade and gingival tissue response. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the total-etch and self-etch groups in terms of USPHS criteria (p > 0.05). Porcelain veneers exhibited successful clinical performance with both total-etch and two-step self-etch adhesives at the end of five-years.