Giant cell tumor arising from the anterior arc of the rib: an extremely rare site in an adolescent girl.

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor is a rare and locally aggressive neoplasm of the long bones in children. Rib is the least frequently affected site, seen in less than 1% of all cases and most of them occur at the posterior arc. CASE: A 12-year-old girl presented with swelling and slight pain on the left inferior-anterior chest wall for two years. Physical examination revealed a giant, hard and fixed mass on the left chest wall. Hematological and biochemical test results were in normal limits but slight elevation of alkaline phosphatase level. Computed tomography of the chest showed a large expansive mass and lytic lesion with internal calcification arising from the anterior part of the 7th rib. En-bloc resection was performed including the 6th-8th ribs and a small part of the diaphragm. The pathological evaluation revealed giant cell tumor of bone. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we aim to emphasize that giant cell tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest wall tumors in childhood whereby en-bloc resection and close follow up would be paramount.

New scoring system to predict foreign body aspiration in children.

PURPOSE: To propose a new scoring system to predict foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children. METHODS: Children who underwent bronchoscopy for FBA were evaluated for age, sex, history of aspiration, physical examination, radiological findings and results of bronchoscopy retrospectively. A new proposed FBA scoring including statements about history, physical and radiological findings were applied to all patients to define a total score. The results of each statement and total FBA score were compared according to bronchoscopy findings. The sensitivity and specificity of FBA score and cut-off values of total FBA score to predict positive cases were evaluated. RESULTS: Totally 720 patients with a male to female ratio of 227:133 were included. FBA was noted in 52.1% (n=375) of cases. When the scoring system compared with the existence of foreign body (FB), the patient history had no statistical significance to predict positive cases (p>0.05). The existence of FB was significantly associated with physical examination, radiological findings and total FBA score (p<0.001). The revised scoring system without history parameters had range of total scores 0 to 5. The total scores were obtained by sum of physical findings and radiological parameters and the cut-off value of 2 had the highest diagnostic performance with sensitivity and specificity of 77.9% and 74.8% to predict FBA in children. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the proposed scoring system can be utilized to predict FBA in children. The total score higher than 2 is predictive for FBA. Although, physical and radiologic findings are strong parameters for positive bronchoscopy, the history of FBA has no diagnostic utility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III (retrospective comparative study) STUDY TYPE: Diagnostic study.

Foreign Body Aspiration in Infants: Role of Self-Feeding.

Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious life-threatening condition in childhood. "Baby-led weaning (BLW)" is a popular method in which the babies are encouraged to self-feed to gain oral motor abilities. The role of BLW in FBA is controversial. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the results of FBA in infants (<1 year of age) and its relation to the feeding method. Materials and Methods: Children who underwent bronchoscopy for FBA for the past 10 years were included. Infants (<1 year of age) were evaluated for age, gender, clinical findings, and the results of bronchoscopy. The type of feeding, including self-feeding or caregiver-assisted feeding, was noted. Results: The medical records of 826 patients who underwent bronchoscopy were evaluated. FBA was noted in 50.2% (n = 417) of cases. Only 9.07% (n = 75) of patients were <1 year of age and 67% (n = 50) of them had a foreign body according to the bronchoscopy. The mean age was 9 months (5-12 months) and 36% of them were male. When the feeding characteristics of patients were surveyed, 80% of cases aspirated when self-feeding and 14% aspirated during caregiver-assisted feeding. Conclusions: Self-feeding to promote oral motor function may cause FBA in infants. Emergent bronchoscopy is more common in infants and reveals the aspiration of foods that cannot be consumed safely in this age group.

Bilateral Pulmonary Langerhans's Cell Histiocytosis is Surgical Challenge in Children: A Case Report.

Background Pulmonary Langerhans's cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare cause of interstitial lung disease in children and more than half of the cases are bilateral. Persistent respiratory distress due to spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in bilateral PLCH may refractory to conservative treatment and posed a great challenge to surgical modalities. A 3-year-old boy with SP due to bilateral PLCH is presented to discuss the surgical options of recurrent and refractory PLCH cases in children. Case Report The patient was admitted to the emergency department with severe respiratory distress and SP. After chest tube insertion, biopsy from neck mass revealed Langerhans's cell histiocytosis. Chemotherapy including vinblastine and prednisone was initiated. Due to persistent respiratory difficulty and air leaks, talc pleurodesis and thoracoscopic bullae excision with pleural decortication were performed. Two months after the admission, due to nosocomial infection and severe respiratory distress, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) support was initiated. The patient was died of ECMO complications on 24th day of ECMO. Conclusion Despite the use of chemotherapy and surgical excision of cystic lesions, bilateral PLCH in children may have lethal outcome. Other treatment options including respiratory support with ECMO and lung transplantation should be considered as last resort of treatment alternative in persistent cases.