[Effect of alcohol intoxication and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors on lipid peroxidation in rat liver]. / Vliianie alkogol'noi intoksikatsii i ingibitorov al'degiddegidrogenazy na peroksidnoe okislenie lipidov v pecheni krys.

A single intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (3.5 g/kg) to rats induced a marked increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease of antioxidative activity in the liver after 1 h when assessed by chemi-luminescence in liver homogenates. The pretreatment with aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, disulfiram (200 mg/kg 24 hr before ethanol), caused a 10-fold elevation of the blood acetaldehyde levels, with no effect on the hepatic lipid peroxidation compared to control. Cyanamide (50 mg/kg, 2 h before the ethanol) increased approximately 100-fold the acetaldehyde levels, however, the changes in lipid peroxidation were not significantly different from that produced by ethanol alone. The present results suggest, that the metabolism of acetaldehyde and not acetaldehyde itself is responsible for the in vivo activation of lipid peroxidation during acute alcohol intoxication. Disulfiram prevents the ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver.

[The effect of nicotinamide, methionine and alpha-tocopherol on the liver conjugating and mono-oxygenase systems and on lipid peroxidation in hepatosis-hepatitis in rats]. / Vliianie nikotinamida, metionina i al'fa-tokoferola na aktivnost' kon''iugiruiushchei i monooksigenaznoi sistem pecheni i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pri gepatozogepatite u krys.

Four days after a single intragastric injection of CCl4 (5 mg/kg as a 50% oil solution) increased intensity of a chemoluminescence "quick flush" in the hepatic microsomes and blood serum, as well as hepatocyte cytolysis (increased ALT activity) and decreased rate of antipyrine elimination from the blood were recorded in rats. The content of cytochromes P-450 and b5 activity of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and cytosol glutathione transferase in the hepatic microsomal fractions reduced in this case. Administration of methionine (200 mg/kg) and its combination with nicotinamide (60 mg/kg) without and, particularly, with additional prescription of vitamin E (150 mg/kg) produced a marked antioxidant and enzyme-normalizing effects in the rats.

[Effect of long-term administration of undevit and its combination with cordiamine on hydroxylation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation systems and lipid peroxidation in rat liver]. / Vliianie dlitelnogo vvedeniia undevita i ego kombinatsii s kordiaminomna gidroksiliruiushchuiu, gliukuro-, glutationkoníugiruiushchuiu sistemy i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov pecheni intaktnykh krys.

Increase of N-demethylase and antioxidant activities and decrease of amount of hydroperoxides were observed in liver of rats after intragastric administration of Undevit (1/8 dragee/rats/day, 5 times a week during 2 months). Combination of Undevit with Cordiamin (5 mg/rat/day) resulted in augmentation of cytochromes P-450 and b5 content and activities of their reductases, velocity of amidopyrine and ethylmorphine N-demethylation and oxidation of HADPH. Activities of UDP-glucuronyltransferase, glutathionetransferase and hydrophobity of microsomal membranes were also increased. Antioxidant activity was increased and amount of hydroperoxides in liver microsomes and homogenates and in plasma was decreased in greater degree after administration of combination two compounds than after administration of Undevit alone.

[Diethylnicotinamid (cordiamine) stabilization of the liver hydroxylating function in rabbits with CCl4 poisoning]. / Stabilizatsiia diétilnikotinamidom (kordiaminom) gidroksiliruiushchei funktsii pecheni krolikov pri otravlenii CCl4.

Three and ten days after the administration of CCl4 (subcutaneously, once, 4 ml/kg of 50% oil solution) there were found a decrease of the rate of antipyrine elimination (intravenously, 50 mg/kg) from the blood plasma, an increase of the total bilirubin content, ALT activity and stimulation of lipid peroxidation processes. Cordiamine administration (subcutaneously, twice a day, 3 and 10 days) exerts the normalizing effect.

[Changes in UDP-glucuronosyl-, glutathione-S-transferase and lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes during gamma-irradiation and protective effect of alpha-tocopherol]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti UDP-gliukuronozil-, gliutation-S-transferaz i perewkisnogo okisleniia lipidov mikrosom pecheni krys pri gamma-obluchenii i zashchitnoe deistvie alpha-tokoferola.

Stimulation of lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a decrease in activity of UDP-glucuronyl- and glutathione-S-transferases, was observed in rat liver microsomes within one day after gamma-irradiation. Maximal alteration of the patterns studied was detected within 5 days. Preadministration of alpha-tocopherol, within 14 days at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body mass, prevented distinctly the impairing effect of irradiation.

[Endogenous ethanol in the blood and tissues of rats with hypobaric hypoxia]. / Endogennyi étanol krovi i tkanei krys pri gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

Albino male rats weighing 160-180 g were used to study the effect of short-term hypobaric hypoxia (ascent in an altitude chamber to 2500 m and 5000 m for 1 hr) on endogenous ethanol measured in blood, brain and liver; simultaneously enzymes responsible for ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism were determined. Endogenous ethanol in blood and tissues was found to be a very sensitive marker of hypoxia which was not correlated with lactate, pyruvate, lipid peroxidation or 11-hydroxycorticosteroids. The latter parameters varied in response to severe hypoxia.

[Effectiveness of phenobarbital, ziksorin and cordiamine in the treatment of non-conjugated hyperbilirubinemia]. / Effektivnost' fenobarbitala, ziksorina i kordiamina v lechenii nekon'iugirovannoi giperbilirubinemii.

The effectiveness of phenobarbital, ziscorine, cordiamine and the combination of phenobarbital and pyrogenal was studied in 48 patients with non-conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. In effectiveness the agents were distributed in the following order: cordiamine, phenobarbital, ziscorine. The combination of phenobarbital and pyrogenal has proved to be inexpedient.

[The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis]. / K voprosu o roli perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v patogeneze virusnogo gepatita.

Content of blood bilirubin was increased 3.3-11.4-fold as well as 4-10-activation of alanine aminotransferase and glutathione S-transferase was found in patients with virus hepatitis as compared with normal state. At the same time, lipid peroxidation was activated 1.9-3.5-fold in blood plasma as shown by means of chemoluminescence procedure, while the antioxidative activity was decreased 2.2-2.3-fold.

[Effect of nicotinamide on lipid peroxidation]. / Vliianie nikotinamida na protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

Nicotinamide (10-100 mM) caused a decrease in total "fast" flash of chemoluminescence, in rates of NADPH- and ascorbate dependent lipid peroxidation in microsomal fraction of rat liver tissue. Content of cytochrome P-450 (carbonyl complex) as well as rates of amidopyrine N-demethylation and aniline p-hydroxylation were also decreased in microsomal fraction. At the same time, inhibition of chemoluminescence was found after addition of 50, 100 mM nicotinamide to blood plasma or to solution of oxidized oleic acid. With an increase in nicotinamide concentration its inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation was more distinct.

[Cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions during intensified biosynthesis of coenzyme A in hepatocytes]. / Tsitokhrom P-450-zavisimye reaktsii v usloviiakh intensifikatsii biosinteza kofermenta A v gepatotsitakh.

After subcutaneous administration into male rats of 4-phosphopantothenic acid and pantethine during 10 days at a dose equivalent to 30 mg/kg of calcium pantothenate total content of CoA was increased in liver tissue. Both these preparations activated the liver endoplasmic reticulum monooxygenase system mainly at the step of substrate hydroxylation. The phenomenon observed appears to occur due to activation of cytochrome P-450 biosynthesis and/or to alterations in phospholipid composition of microsomal membranes.

[Effect of vitamin D2 on the monooxygenase activity of the rat liver]. / Vliianie vitamina D2 na aktivnost' monooksigenaz pecheni krys.

Stimulation of lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomal fraction and alteration in the xenobiotic metabolism were found within twelve hrs after a single vitamin D2 administration (960,000 MU/kg) into male rats. The effects observed appear to occur due to the vitamin D2 prooxidative properties.

[Effect of nicotinamide, adenosine and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide on the NAD and NAD.H2 content in the liver and brain of intact rats and in hypoxia]. / Vliianie nikotinamida, adenozina i nikotinamidadenindinukleotida na soderzhanie NAD i NAD.H2 v pecheni i mozge intaktnykh krys i pri gipoksii.

Nicotine-amide (25 mg/kg) in the liver and adenosine (50 mg/kg) in the liver and brain of intact rats enhance the NAD+NAD'H2 content. These drugs when used in the same doses raise the NAD+NAD'H2 level in the organs reduced in hypoxia and their proportion only with the combined application of these drugs. NAD (30 mg/kg) increases the NAD+NAD'H2 concentration in the liver and brain of intact and in the liver of "hypoxic" rats. It appears that in the mechanism of the antihypoxic action of nicotine-amide, adenozine and NAD a definite part plays their action on the level of nicotine-amide co-enzymes.

[Effect of apressin, obsidan, diprazine and their combination on the concentration of NAD and NADH2 in the liver and brain of hypoxic rats]. / Vliianie apressina, obzidana, diprazina i ikh kombinatsii na soderzhanie na soderzhanie NAD i NADH2 v pecheni i mozge krys pri gipoksii.

Apressin (2.5 mg/kg), obsidan (10 mg/kg), and diprazine (10mg/kg) caused an increase in the content of NAD + NAD.H2, without affecting their ratio, in the liver and brain of intact animals. These drugs, taken in the same doses, especially when used together, caused an increase in the NAD + NAD.H2 level; as to NAD/NAD.H2 ratio--it decreased in the state of hypoxia. The authors believe the antihypoxic action of apressin, obsidan, and diprazine to be connected with the rise in the total nicotinamide adenine denucleotide content and with increase of its oxidized form.

[Effect of combinations of apressin, obsidan, diprazin, adenosine, NAD and nicotinamide on the resistance of rats to hypoxia and on carbohydrate metabolic indices]. / Vliianie kombinatsii apressina, obzidana, diprazina, adenozina, NAD i nikotinamida na ustoichivost' k gipoksii i na nekotorye pokazateli uglevodnogo obmena.

As evidenced from experiments on rats, a combined application of apressin with obsidan and diprazine, and also of adenozine with nicotine-amidadenine-dinucleotide (NAD), as well as of adeozine with nicotine amide potentiates the protective effect of these substances in hypobaric hypoxia, increases the resistance of the animals to cerebral ischemia, brings down the excess lactate level and raises the redoz potential of the system lactic-acid-pyruvic acid in the brain of rats exposed to the effects of rarefied atmosphere.

[Effectiveness of combination of various antihypoxic drugs in acute hypoxic hypoxia]. / Effektivnost' kombinatsii nekotorykh protivogipoksicheskikh sredstv pri ostroi gipoksicheskoi gipoksii.

In experiments with mice evidence was obtained that a combination of apressin with obsidan and diprazine; of adenosine with nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD) and also a mixture of both combinations produce a marked protective effect in hypo and normobaric hypoxic hypoxia.