Histological and molecular response of oral cavity tissues to Covid-19.

The world is still dealing with Covid-19 waves, and maintaining good oral health has systemic effects on overall health. This review's objective is to identify the main oral manifestations of this illness, its effects on oral tissues at their histological bases, their molecular cell mechanisms, and the relationship issues between Covid-19 outcomes and oral health conditions. The main sources of the review are research articles published from 2000 to 2023. The main used terms in search were Covid-19 oral manifestations, Corona virus and Taste, or Olfaction, Covid and periodontitis, or Oral cavity. the angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor (ACE2), which serves as a cellular entry point for viral entry into the cell to cause Covid-19 infection, is the target of corona virus attacks on human cells. The destruction of keratinocytes and oral fibroblasts, which is an indication of the virus's direct impact on oral tissues, results in inflammatory reactions in the salivary glands, tongue, and gingiva, which may explain both the loss of taste and the mouth ulceration. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between Covid-19 outcome and periodontitis. This results from the connection between hyperinflammation and poor oral hygiene.

Boosting hair growth through follicular delivery of Melatonin through lecithin-enhanced Pickering emulsion stabilized by chitosan-dextran nanoparticles in testosterone induced androgenic alopecia rat model.

The strategy in this work was loading Melatonin (MEL), the powerful antioxidant photosensitive molecule, in novel Pickering emulsions (PEs) stabilized by chitosan-dextran sulphate nanoparticles (CS-DS NPs) and enhanced by lecithin, for treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA). Biodegradable CS-DS NPs dispersion was prepared by polyelectrolyte complexation and optimized for PEs stabilization. PEs were characterized for droplet size, zeta potential, morphology, photostability and antioxidant activity. Ex-vivo permeation study through rat full thickness skin was conducted with optimized formula. Differential tape stripping trailed by cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsy was executed, for quantifying MEL in skin compartments and hair follicles. In-vivo evaluation of MEL PE hair growth activity was performed on testosterone induced AGA rat model. Visual inspection followed by anagen to telogen phase ratio (A/T) and histopathological examinations were conducted and compared with marketed 5% minoxidil spray "Rogaine ®". Data showed that PE improved MEL antioxidant activity and photostability. Ex-vivo results displayed MEL PE high follicular deposition. In-vivo study demonstrated that MEL PE treated testosterone induced AGA rat group, restored hair loss and produced maximum hair regeneration along with prolonged anagen phase amongst tested groups. The histopathological examination revealed that MEL PE prolonged anagen stage, increased follicular density and A/T ratio by 1.5-fold. The results suggested that lecithin-enhanced PE stabilized by CS-DS NPs was found to be an effective approach to enhance photostability, antioxidant activity and follicular delivery of MEL. Thus, MEL-loaded PE could be a promising competitor to commercially marketed Minoxidil for treatment of AGA.

The Prospective Effect of Cinnamon and Chia on Submandibular Salivary Glands After Ciprofloxacin Administration in Albino Rats (Histological, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Study).

Ciprofloxacin (CPFX®) is potent fluoroquinolone but has severe side effects. Cinnamon (CIN) and chia seeds are potent antioxidants. The current work aimed to compare the effect of CIN extract and chia seeds on CPFX®-treated submandibular salivary glands (SMGs). Thirty-two male albino rats were divided into four groups: Group 1: received saline. Group 2: received CPFX®. Group 3: received CIN extract after 4 h of CPFX® administration. Group 4: received ground chia seeds after 4 h of CPFX® administration. After 10 days, histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were done. Different examinations illustrated normal features of SMG in Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 showed degenerative signs. Group 4 showed normal features in some areas. Statistical results illustrated that Group 2 had highest mean vacuolation area%. Highest mean of PAS optical density (OD) was for Group 2. Concerning mercuric bromophenol blue stain OD; Group 1 showed highest mean OD. CPFX® has the deteriorative effect on SMG structure and ultrastructure. It leads to increased levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and decreased levels of total proteins. CIN extract showed more ameliorative effect compared to chia seeds.

Spray-Dried Rosuvastatin Nanoparticles for Promoting Hair Growth.

In this research, we examined the effect of rosuvastatin calcium-loaded nanoparticles on the hair growth-promoting activity on Albino rats. Nanoparticles were prepared using 2:1 weight ratio of drug to methyl-ß-cyclodextrin with 10, 20, and 30% stabilizers (phospholipid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, and Compritol 888 ATO) using nanospray dryer. Subsequently, the prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their process yield, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release as well as in vivo studies. The dried nanoparticles showed process yield values up to 84% with particle size values ranging from 218 to 6258 nm, polydispersity index values ranging from 0.32 to 0.99, and zeta potential values ranging from - 6.1 to - 11.9 mV. Combination of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin with 10% polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 accomplished nanoparticles with the lowest particle size (218 nm) and polydispersity index (0.32) values. These nanoparticles had suitable process yield value (70.5%) and were able to retard drug release. The hair growth-promoting activity for the selected nanoparticles revealed the highest hair length values in Albino rats after 14 days of the hair growth study compared with non-medicated nanoparticles, nanoparticles' physical mixture, rosuvastatin solution, and marketed minoxidil preparation groups as well as the control group. The immunohistochemistry images for both selected nanoparticles and marketed minoxidil groups showed a significant increase in the diameter of hair follicle and percent area fraction of cytokeratin 19 in the outer root sheath of hair follicle compared with other tested groups. Rosuvastatin nanoparticles prepared by nanospray drying technique could be a good competitor to minoxidil for hair growth-promoting activity. Graphical abstract.