Removal of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime antibiotics from industrial wastewater via complexation with Cu(II).

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) with UV detection is described for determination of ceftriaxone sodium (CFX) and cefotaxime sodium (CFM) content in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. These methods are based on the detection of these antibiotics via the formation of chelate complexes with Cu(II). The developed Liquid Chromatographic method offers symmetric peak shape, good resolution and reasonable retention time for both drugs. The removal percentage reached about 100 and 92.1% at pH 7.2 for CFX and CFM, respectively. In UV detection, the removal of the chelating antibiotics were based on forming of chelate complexes with Cu(II) which detected at λmax = 253 and 244 nm for CFX and CFM, respectively. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 5.99-59.86 µg mL-1 for CFX and 14.33-71.63 µg mL-1 for CFM. The proposed method can be used for the quality control of industrial wastewater containing CFX and CFM.

Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Dopamine Hydrochloride in Bulk and in Injectable Forms.

Two highly simple, economical, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for determination of dopamine hydrochloride (DAH) in either pure form and pharmaceutical formulations are described. The first method is based on determination of (DAH) spectrophotometrically at maximum absorbance 280 nm (method A). The second one is based on reduction of alkaline KMnO4 by (DAH) leading to the formation of green manganate species which are measured at 610 nm (method B). Under optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 3.793 - 45.513, 0.190 - 4.362 µg.mL-1 of (DAH) for methods A and B respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of dopamine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical samples.

Spectrophotometric determination of Metronidazole antibacterial drug via oxidation with alkaline potassium permanganate.

Highly simple, sensitive and selective method is developed for the spectrophotometric determination of Metronidazole (MDZ) antibacterial drug either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. This method is based on reduction of potassium permanganate by Metronidazole drug in sodium hydroxide solution to give green manganate ion which recorded at 610 nm. The method produced linear responses in the concentration range 4.28 - 59.91 µg mL-1 with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.21 and 0.69 µg mL-1 for Metronidazole drug respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity is 0.865 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1, Sandell sensitivity is 0.019 µg cm-2 and correlation coefficient is 0.951. The method is highly reproducible and has been applied to a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations and the results compare favourably with those of official methods.