Hypolipidemic effect of brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) extract in vivo (Study of histopathology, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 parameters).

The purpose of this study was to obtain natural drugs from brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) as antiatherosclerosis candidates through the study of hypolipidemic mechanisms of action. Modeling of dyslipidemia rats was carried out by feeding high-fat (HFF) and doses of crude fucoidan 100. 200. 400mg / KgBB. in both treatments measured blood lipid profile levels taken from the orbital sinuses. HE's histopathology. mRNA expression. immunohistochemistry (IHC) with parameters VCAM-1. ICAM-1. and MCP-1 were performed on adipose tissue. as well as liver. Total cholesterol values 51.07-225.2. triglycerides 30.43-115.73. HDL 13.1-24.86 mg/dl and LDL 20.22-189.68 mg/dl. In the treatment of crude fucoidan obtained the result of p value < α (0.05. Histopathological features of adipose tissue after administration of HFF for 60 days resulted in an increase in adipose cell size. and the liver experienced structural damage and inflammation. but after 21 days of treatment the morphological picture of adipose tissue was similar to normal morphology and the liver also decreased in severity and inflammation. The results of histochemical staining after treatment showed a positive staining part on MCP-1. The result of p value < α (0.05) of mRNA expression for administration of 3 treatment doses. A dyslipidemic mouse model with HFF administration for 60 days succeeded in becoming a dyslipidemic rat. and crude fucoidan had hypolipidemic activity. Doses of 100. 200. and 400 mg/KgBB crude fucoidan showed improvement in adipose and liver morphological features of severity and inflammation of dyslipidemic rats and decreased mRNA expression.

Investigation of Yacon Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Using Metabolomics and In Silico Approach.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Robinson) leaves is traditionally consumed as herbal tea in many countries including Indonesia. This plant's antidiabetic properties have been extensively researched, but studies on the responsible active compound identification are scarce. Information on the active compounds is critical for the consistency of Yacon herbal tea quality. The aim of this study was to identify α-glucosidase inhibitors in Indonesian Yacon leaves grown in two different locations using FTIR- and LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics in combination with in silico technique. Yacon leaves ethanol (50 and 95%) and water extracts were tested for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with the 95% ethanol extract being the most active. Geographical origins were found to have no major impact on the activity. In parallel, chemical profile of Yacon leaves extract was determined using FTIR and LC-MS/MS. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) was used to analyze both sets of data. OPLS analysis of FTIR data showed that compounds associated to α-glucosidase inhibitor activity included those with functional groups -OH, stretched CH, carbonyl, and alkene. It was consistent with the result of OPLS analysis of LC-MS/MS data, which revealed that based on their VIP and Y-related coefficient value, nystose, 1-kestose, luteolin-3'-7-di-O-glucoside, and 1,3-O-dicaffeoilquinic acid isomers, strongly linked to Yacon's α-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In silico study supported these findings, revealing that the four compounds were potent α-glucosidase inhibitors with docking score in the range of - 100.216 to - 115.657 kcal/mol, which are similar to acarbose (- 115.774 kcal/mol) as a reference drug.

Ethno-botanical survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of malaria in Sei Kepayang, Asahan of North Sumatera.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and collect information from traditional health healer/tribal communities on the use of medicinal plants for treatment of malaria in Sei Kepayang, Asahan District of North Sumatera. METHODS: The ethno-botanical study was conducted in Sei Kepayang, Asahan District of North Sumatera in January-March 2013 through questionnaire and personal interviews, and their responses were documented. RESULTS: The present study enumerated 16 ethno-medicinal plant species belonging to 13 families used by the tribal communities and medicinal healers in Sei Kepayang, Asahan District of North Sumatera in treatment of malaria. Some of the recipes, methods of preparation and administration were also documented. CONCLUSIONS: From the interviews conducted, 16 plant spesies belonging to 13 families have been identified in the treatment of malaria.

Influence of the use of phosphate binders on serum levels of calcium phosphate in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis: A retrospective and prospective study.

UNLABELLED: Hypercalcemia-hyperphosphatemia is an unavoidable consequence of end-stage chronic kidney disease and common in hemodialytic patients. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one type of phosphate binder used widely and prescribed in patients undergoing hemodialysis, aiming to control the levels of calcium and phosphate. These drugs are most effective if taken with meals. This study aimed to evaluate the use of phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients and the factors that influence the success of phosphate binder therapy by experimental studies with retrospective data collection through the medical records and prospectively through the questionnaire and interviews with patients. The research was conducted in the Unit Hemodialysis building floor 8 of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. The data were collected in a retrospective way for two months (January-February 2013) and a prospective study in March-April 2013. Patients included were stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients who underwent hemodialysis in hemodialysis ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Patients who had data of serum levels at the beginning of the use of calcium phosphate and the final data in 2013 got the phosphate binder therapy. RESULTS: Ninety six patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease who underwent hemodialysis had been using phosphate binder for 3 years in average. Patient evaluation showed that hypocalcemia was obtained in 23%; normokalemia in 42.7% and hypercalcemia in 34.3%. While the percentage of patients with hipofosfatemia14, 6%, normofosfatemia 32.3% and 53.1% hyperphosphatemia. Results obtained by the prospective analysis of factors that affect the success of the use of phosphate binder therapy are related to how the routine use of phosphate binders is made by the patient. Chi square test showed a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05), the effect of 54%. CONCLUSION: We can conclude there are many events happening such as hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients that use phosphate binders. Monitoring of serum levels of calcium phosphate in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis should be performed every month. Education and the role of clinical staff required to assist compliance and therapeutic efficacy of phosphate binder are necessary.