[Significance of papillary muscle function of the mitral valve and adjacent left ventricular segments in the progression of ischemic mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary heart disease after surgical treatment]. / Znachenie funktsii papillyarnykh myshts mitral'nogo klapana i prilezhashchikh segmentov miokarda levogo zheludochka v progressirovanii ishemicheskoi mitral'noi regurgitatsii u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'yu serdtsa posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniya.

AIM: To determine the significance of papillary muscle (PM) dysfunction of the mitral valve (MV) and adjacent left ventricular (LV) segments in the genesis of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) by myocardial tissue Doppler (MTD) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after surgical treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and one CHD patients with moderate (grade I-II) MR were examined before surgical treatment. For analysis, the patients were divided into 4 groups: 1A) 40 patients without progressive, none or moderate MR after isolated aortocoronary bypass surgery (ACBS); 1B) 17 patients with progressive MR to its clinically relevant degree after isolated ACBS; 2A) 30 patients without progressive, none, or moderate MR after ACBS and surgical repair of postinfarction LV aneurysm; 2B) 14 patents with progressive MR to its clinically relevant degree after ACBS and surgical LV repair. The mean follow-up after surgery was 5.35±0.58 years. RESULTS: MTD analysis of the PM function of the MV and adjacent LV segments in the patients with CHD after surgical treatment indicated that those with progressive MR had 1) a decrease in the contractility of both PMs and adjacent LV segments; 2) a restrictive pattern of segmental diastolic dysfunction caused by the high myocardial rigidity of both PMs and adjacent LV segments; 3) an inverse correlation of the posterior PM systolic velocity S with the severity of MR, which is suggestive of the clinically important contribution of posterior PM contractility to the development of MR. There were correlations indicating that the high LV and PM rigidities leading to the restrictive pattern of myocardial diastolic impairments are involved in the development of MR in the patients with CHD. CONCLUSION: The results confirm that PM and adjacent LV segment dysfunctions are of significance in the mechanisms of progressive ischemic MR in the patients with CHD after surgical treatment.

[The adjuvant therapy within the scope of the combined treatment of the rectum carcinoma].

The analysis of treatment results of 143 patients with rectal cancer demonstrated, that the addition of the adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy to the radical surgery significantly increases the 3 year overall and disease-free survival. The best results were achieved by the combination of all three treatment modalities. Early toxicity effects of the adjuvant chemotherapy were transient and did not influence the overall treatment efficacy.

Molecular diversity and association mapping of fiber quality traits in exotic G. hirsutum L. germplasm.

The narrow genetic base of cultivated cotton germplasm is hindering the cotton productivity worldwide. Although potential genetic diversity exists in Gossypium genus, it is largely 'underutilized' due to photoperiodism and the lack of innovative tools to overcome such challenges. The application of linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association mapping is an alternative powerful molecular tool to dissect and exploit the natural genetic diversity conserved within cotton germplasm collections, greatly accelerating still 'lagging' cotton marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. However, the extent of genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) has not been determined in cotton. We report the extent of genome-wide LD and association mapping of fiber quality traits by using a 95 core set of microsatellite markers in a total of 285 exotic Gossypium hirsutum accessions, comprising of 208 landrace stocks and 77 photoperiodic variety accessions. We demonstrated the existence of useful genetic diversity within exotic cotton germplasm. In this germplasm set, 11-12% of SSR loci pairs revealed a significant LD. At the significance threshold (r(2)>/=0.1), a genome-wide average of LD declines within the genetic distance at <10 cM in the landrace stocks germplasm and >30 cM in variety germplasm. Genome wide LD at r(2)>/=0.2 was reduced on average to approximately 1-2 cM in the landrace stock germplasm and 6-8 cM in variety germplasm, providing evidence of the potential for association mapping of agronomically important traits in cotton. We observed significant population structure and relatedness in assayed germplasm. Consequently, the application of the mixed liner model (MLM), considering both kinship (K) and population structure (Q) detected between 6% and 13% of SSR markers associated with the main fiber quality traits in cotton. Our results highlight for the first time the feasibility and potential of association mapping, with consideration of the population structure and stratification existing in cotton germplasm resources. The number of SSR markers associated with fiber quality traits in diverse cotton germplasm, which broadly covered many historical meiotic events, should be useful to effectively exploit potentially new genetic variation by using MAS programs.

Simple sequence repeat marker associated with a natural leaf defoliation trait in tetraploid cotton.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf defoliation has a significant ecological and economical impact on cotton production. Thus the utilization of a natural leaf defoliation trait, which exists in wild diploid cotton species, in the development of tetraploid cultivated cotton will not only be cost effective, but will also facilitate production of very high-grade fiber. The primary goal of our research was to tag loci associated with natural leaf defoliation using microsatellite markers in Upland cotton. The F2 populations developed from reciprocal crosses between the two parental cotton lines--AN-Boyovut-2 (2n = 52), a late leaf defoliating type, and Listopad Beliy (2n = 52), a naturally early leaf defoliating type--demonstrated that the naturally early leaf defoliation trait has heritability values of 0.74 and 0.84 in the reciprocal F2 population. The observed phenotypic segregation difference in reciprocal crosses suggested a minor cytoplasmic effect in the phenotypic expression of the naturally early leaf defoliation trait. Results from the Kruskal-Wallis (KW) nonparametric test revealed that JESPR-13 (KW = 6.17), JESPR-153 (KW = 9.97), and JESPR-178 (KW = 13.45) Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are significantly associated with natural leaf defoliation in the mapping population having stable estimates at empirically obtained critical thresholds (P < .05-.0001). JESPR-178 revealed the highest estimates (P < .0001) for association with the natural leaf defoliation trait, exceeding maximum empirical threshold values. JESPR-178 was assigned to the short arm of chromosome 18, suggesting indirectly that genes associated with natural leaf defoliation might be located on this chromosome. This microsatellite marker may have the potential for use to introgress the naturally early leaf defoliation quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the donor line Listopad Beliy to commercial varieties of cotton through marker-assisted selection programs.

[X-ray characteristics of the functional performance of the gastrointestinal tract after radical surgery for gastric cancer]. / Rentgenologicheskaia kharakteristika funktsional'noi deiatel'nosti organov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta posle radikal'nykh operatsii, vypolnennykh po povodu raka zheludka.

The paper gives the X-ray characteristics of the functional performance of the gastrointestinal tract in 127 patients after radical operations performed by classical and plastic techniques for gastric cancer.

[Comparative analysis of the quality of life of patients with painful temporomandibular joint dysfunction and with temporomandibular joint dysfunction associated with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz kachestva zhizni bol'nykh s sindromom bolevoi disfunktsii VNChS i s narusheniiami funktsii VNChS pri revmatoidnom artrite.

The quality of life was assessed in 36 patients with painful dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and 73 patients with TMJ dysfunctions suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. A more significant negative time course of the parameters was observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and more positive shifts in patients with isolated TMJ dysfunction without rheumatoid arthritis.

[Temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Narushenie funktsii VNChS u bol'hukh, stradaiushchikh revmatoidnym artritom.

Clinical and instrumental examinations of 120 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) detected a direct correlation between RA stage and severity of dysfunctions and an inverse correlation between the disease stage and angle of the sagittal articular route of the temporomandibular joint.

[The joint use of plasmosorption and enterosorption in the combined treatment of patients in the acute period of a myocardial infarct]. / Sochetannoe ispol'zovanie plazmosorbtsii i énterosorbtsii v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh v ostrom periode infarkta miokarda.

Plasmosorption and enterosorption were assigned to 35 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Plasmosorption was performed within an hour since AMI onset followed by a 5-day course of enterosorption (enterosorbent YO-A in a dose 30 g/day). The above combination produced a positive effect on hemodynamics and blood rheology resultant from a reduction in hematocrit value, plasma levels of fibrinogen and its derivatives, plasma viscosity and platelet aggregation. Ibustrin (200 mg) combined with heparin (100000 U) introduced into extracorporeal circulation effectively prevents thrombogenesis. AMI patients treatment with enterosorption plus plasmosorption enhances the response to nitroglycerin, reduces the rate of complications and lethal outcomes.

[The efficacy of speleotherapy in salt mines in children with bronchial asthma based on the data from immediate and late observations]. / Effektivnost' speleoterapii u detei s bronkhial'noi astmoi v solianykh shakhtakh po dannym neposredstvennykh i otdalennykh nabliudenii.

Speleotherapy was conducted in 216 children with bronchial asthma treated in conditions of salt mines situated near the town of Nakhichevan. The assessment of clinical, immunological and functional parameters showed that the best results had been achieved in atopic asthma running a light or moderate course. Speleotherapy courses noticeably diminished broncho-obstructive syndrome, improved pulmonary ventilation. The improvement proved stable in the majority of the patients. It is recommended to include speleotherapy in salt mines into combined rehabilitation treatment of pediatric asthmatics.

[Characteristics of chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis and its effectiveness in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Osobennosti khimioterapii tuberkuleza legkikh i ee éffektivnost' u bol'nykh s sakharnym diabetom.

Assessment of tolerance to drug preparations and the effectiveness of this therapy in patients with tuberculosis and concurrent diabetes mellitus and with liver abnormality has shown a certain similarity between them, which consists in the fact that these patients were more often given non-conventional combinations of drugs than patients having no combined pathology. The initial regimen of chemotherapy was changed due to a poor tolerance of drug preparations. Prescription of Essentiale in this case to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus is conducive to decline in severity of the adverse reactions to drugs and makes it possible to increase chemotherapy effectiveness.

[The role of reinnervation of the stomach in the development of recurrent ulcers]. / Znachenie reinnervatsii zheludka v vozniknovenii retsidivnykh iazv.

The interrelationship of the state of the acid- and enzyme-forming function of the stomach with the alteration of its nerve system, parietal and main cells at different time after vagotomy was studied. The following reappearance of hypersecretion and the formation of a peptic ulcer of the anastomosis in the patients appears to be a results of reinnervation of the stomach.

[Role of changes in rheological properties of blood in the pathogenesis of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conductivity]. / Rol' izmenenii reologicheskikh svoistv krovi v patogeneze narushenii ritma i provodimosti serdtsa.

Changes were induced in the rheological blood properties and hemostasis in 40 albino rats by intracardiac injection of high-molecular dextran, arvin, and ethanol. Ten rats received dipyridamole. Changes caused by these agents in erythrocyte deformability were determined by the rheoscopical method. Their effect on the threshold of ventricular fibrillation induced by electric current was also determined. Dextran and arvin reduced erythrocyte deformability and the threshold of ventricular fibrillation to half the initial values. An increase in the ventricular fibrillation threshold due to the effect of dipyridamole was attended by improvement in erythrocyte deformability. Ethanol reduced the threshold of ventricular fibrillation and caused disorders of cardiac atrioventricular conduction. Intravenous infusion of high-molecular dextran and arvin caused various disorders of cardiac rhythm and atrioventricular conduction in 11 out of 12 rabbits. Preliminary administration of rheopolyglucin in 3 rabbits prevented the development of cardiac arrhythmias on injection of dextran and arvin. The authors believe that deterioration of the blood rheological properties is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction.

[Rheological properties of the blood and paroxysmal disorders of cardiac rhythm]. / Reologicheskie svoistva krovi i paroksizmal'nye narusheniia ritma serdtsa.

Blood viscosity, platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, venous hematocrit, and blood free fatty acid, fibrinogen, and glucose content were studied in dynamics in 63 patients with paroxysmal disorders of cardiac rhythm. During an attack of arrhythmia, the viscosity of blood, aggregation of erythrocytes, and the concentration of free fatty acids and glucose in blood were significantly increased, while the degree and rate of the reversibility of platelet aggregation were reduced. The reversibility of platelet aggregation increased after the attacks had been arrested with drugs and slightly decreased after electroimpulsive therapy. This may underlie the development of thromboembolic complications and postconversion arrhythmias after electropuls therapy. Increase in the rate of erythrocyte aggregation immediately after the arrest of an attack by an electric discharge was also revealed. The authors believe that deterioration of the blood rheologic properties is one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cardiac arrhythmias.