[Adherence and fidelity in patients treated with intragastric balloon]. / Adherencia y fidelidad en el paciente tratado con balon intragastrico.

A correct treatment of obesity needs a program of habits modification regardless of the selected technique, especially if it is minimally invasive as the intragastric balloon (BIG). The adherence of the obese patients with regard to recommended drugs measures to medium- and long-term is less than 50%. Given that the results obtained using the technique of gastric balloon must be seen influenced by adherence to the modification of habits program and its fulfillment, we reviewed series published in attention to the program proposed with the BIG. The series published to date provide few details about the used Therapeutic Programs as well as the adherence of patients to them, and even less concerning the Monitoring Plan and the loyalty of the patient can be seen. We conclude the convenience to agree on a follow-up strategy, at least the 6 months during which the BIG remain in the stomach.

Adherencia y fidelidad en el paciente tratado con balón intragástrico / Adherence and fidelity in patients treated with intragastric balloon

Un tratamiento correcto de la obesidad ha de comporta un programa de modificación de hábitos independientemente de la técnica que se indique, en especial si es mínimamente invasiva como el Balón Intragástrico (BIG).Se cifra la adherencia terapéutica de los pacientes obesos en menos del 50% a medio largo y plazo respecto a las medidas higiénico-dietéticas aconsejadas. Dado que los resultados obtenidos mediante la técnica de Balón Intragástrico han de verse influidos por la adherencia al programa de modificación de hábitos, revisamos las series publicadas en atención al programa propuesto junto al BIG y a su cumplimiento. Se observa que las series publicadas hasta la fecha ofrecen pocos detalles sobre los Programas Terapéuticos utilizados así como la adherencia de los pacientes a los mismos, y menos aún respecto al Plan de Seguimiento y la fidelidad del paciente. Concluimos la conveniencia de consensuar una estrategia de seguimiento, al menos durante los 6 meses que permanece colocado el BIG (AU)

A correct treatment of obesity needs a program of habits modification regardless of the selected technique, especially if it is minimally invasive as the intragastric balloon (BIG).The adherence of the obese patients with regard to recommended drugs measures to medium- and long-term is less than 50%.Given that the results obtained using the technique of gastric balloon must be seen influenced by adherence to the modification of habits program and its fulfillment, were viewed series published in attention to the program proposed with the BIG. The series published to date provide few details about the used Therapeutic Programs as well as the adherence of patients to them, and even less concerning the Monitoring Plan and the loyalty of the patient can be seen. We conclude the convenience to agree on a follow-up strategy, at least the 6 months during which the BIG remain in the stomach (AU)

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in morbidity obese candidates for bariatric surgery with and without binge eating disorder.

AIMS: To analyze changes in the general and specific psychopathology of morbidly obese bariatric surgery (BS) candidates after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess differences between patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and between patients with obesity grades III and IV, studying their influence on weight loss. METHODS: 110 consecutive morbidly obese BS candidates [77 females; aged 41 ± 9 yrs; body mass index 49.1 ± 9.0 kg/m²] entered a three-month CBT program (12 two-hour sessions) before BS. Participants were assessed with general and specific psychopathology tests pre- and post-CBT. Data were analyzed according to the degree of obesity and presence/ absence of BED. RESULTS: At baseline, BED patients were more anxious and depressive with lower self-esteem and quality of life versus non-BED patients (p < 0.05) and were more concerned with food, weight and figure, felt greater hunger, fear and guilt, and were more influenced by contextual cues (p < 0.005). Post-CBT, these differences in self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders disappeared due to significant improvements in BED patients. No difference between OIII and OIV groups was found in any psychopathology test pre- or post-CBT. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBT was effective to treat psychological comorbidity regardless of the presence/ absence of BED or degree of obesity. At 1 yr post-CBT, weight loss versus baseline (before CTT) was > 10% in 61%, with no intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBT is effective to treat psychological comorbidity in BS candidates, regardless of the presence of BED and degree of obesity.

Objetivo: Analizar cambios en la psicopatología general y específica de pacientes con obesidad mórbida (OM) candidatos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) tras aplicación de terapia cognitiva-conductual(TCC) y evaluar diferencias entre pacientes con y sin trastorno por atracón (TA y NTA respectivamente), y entre grados de obesidad III y IV; estudiando su influencia en la pérdida peso. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron110 pacientes candidatos a CB [77mujeres; con 41 ± 9 años e IMC 49,1 ± 9,0 kg/m2] que recibieron TCC preoperatoria (12-sesiones de 2 horas) Se evalúo comorbolidad psicológica pre-post-TCC mediante test validados para la población española. Resultados: Basalmente los pacientes con TA mostraron mayor ansiedad y depresión y menor autoestima y calidad de vida que aquellos NTA (p < 0,05). También mostraron mayor preocupación por la comida, el peso y la figura revelando sentir más hambre, temor y culpa, importándoles más el contexto (p < 0,005). Tras TCC, las diferencias en autoestima, depresión y desordenes alimentarios desaparecieron, asociado a una significativa mejoría en pacientes con TA. No hubo diferencias entre grados de obesidad III y IV en ninguno de los test pre y post-TCC aplicados. El análisis multivariante demostró efectividad de la TCC para tratar la psicopatología independientemente de la presencia de TA o del grado de obesidad. Tras 1 año post-TCC, la pérdida de peso con respecto a la basal fue > 10% en 67 pacientes. Sin diferencia entre los grupos de estudio. Conclusiones: La TCC es efectiva en el tratamiento de la comorbilidad psicológica, independientemente de la presencia de TA y del grado de obesidad.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in morbidity obese candidates for bariatric surgery with and without binge eating disorder / Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en obesos mórbidos candidatos a cirugía bariátrica con o sin trastorno por atracón

AIMS: To analyze changes in the general and specific psychopathology of morbidly obese bariatric surgery (BS) candidates after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and assess differences between patients with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and between patients with obesity grades III and IV, studying their influence on weight loss. METHODS: 110 consecutive morbidly obese BS candidates [77 females; aged 41 ± 9 yrs; body mass index 49.1 ± 9.0 kg/m²] entered a three-month CBT program (12 two-hour sessions) before BS. Participants were assessed with general and specific psychopathology tests pre- and post-CBT. Data were analyzed according to the degree of obesity and presence/ absence of BED.RESULTS: At baseline, BED patients were more anxious and depressive with lower self-esteem and quality of life versus non-BED patients (p < 0.05) and were more concerned with food, weight and figure, felt greater hunger, fear and guilt, and were more influenced by contextual cues (p < 0.005). Post-CBT, these differences in self-esteem, depression, and eating disorders disappeared due to significant improvements in BED patients. No difference between OIII and OIV groups was found in any psychopathology test pre- or post-CBT. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CBT was effective to treat psychological comorbidity regardless of the presence/ absence of BED or degree of obesity. At 1 yr post-CBT, weight loss versus baseline (before CTT) was > 10% in 61%, with no intergroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: CBT is effective to treat psychological comorbidity in BS candidates, regardless of the presence of BED and degree of obesity (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar cambios en la psicopatología general y específica de pacientes con obesidad mórbida (OM) candidatos a Cirugía Bariátrica (CB) tras aplicación de terapia cognitiva-conductual(TCC) y evaluar diferencias entre pacientes con y sin trastorno por atracón (TA y NTA respectivamente), y entre grados de obesidad III y IV; estudiando su influencia en la pérdida peso. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron110 pacientes candidatos a CB [77mujeres; con 41 ± 9 años e IMC 49,1 ± 9,0 kg/m2] que recibieron TCC preoperatoria (12-sesiones de 2 horas) Se evalúo comorbolidad psicológica pre-post-TCC mediante test validados para la población española. Resultados: Basalmente los pacientes con TA mostraron mayor ansiedad y depresión y menor autoestima y calidad de vida que aquellos NTA (p < 0,05). También mostraron mayor preocupación por la comida, el peso y la figura revelando sentir más hambre, temor y culpa, importándoles más el contexto (p < 0,005). Tras TCC, las diferencias en autoestima, depresión y desordenes alimentarios desaparecieron, asociado a una significativa mejoría en pacientes con TA. No hubo diferencias entre grados de obesidad III y IV en ninguno de los test pre y post-TCC aplicados. El análisis multivariante demostró efectividad de la TCC para tratar la psicopatología independientemente de la presencia de TA o del grado de obesidad. Tras 1 año post-TCC, la pérdida de peso con respecto a la basal fue > 10% en 67 pacientes. Sin diferencia entre los grupos de estudio. Conclusiones: La TCC es efectiva en el tratamiento de la comorbilidad psicológica, independientemente de la presencia de TA y del grado de obesidad (AU)

Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en la pérdida de peso tras dos años de cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida / Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on weight loss after two years of bariatric surgery in morbidity obese patients

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) en el éxito de la pérdida de peso postoperatoria tras 2 años de CB. Metodología: Estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes entre 18 y 59 años candidatos a CB, entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010, realizando seguimiento postoperatorio hasta junio de 2012. Se compararon dos grupos de estudio de acuerdo a su participación en TCC o no. Se tomaron datos de peso corporal y estatura, a partir de las cuales se calculó el IMC y porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (Peso perdido x 100)/(Peso inicial-Peso ideal), clasificando a los pacientes como exitosos (E) los que lograron un EPP > 50% y como no exitosos (NE) aquellos con EPP < 50%. Asimismo se examinaron psicopatología general (estrés, ansiedad, depresión y autoestima) y específica de la conducta alimentaria (trastorno por atracón y ansia por la comida) mediante test validados para población española. Resultados: De los 35 pacientes intervenidos, 30 respondieron a la valoración postcirugía. 16 de ellos pasaron por TCC antes de la CB y 14 fueron intervenidos sin recibir terapia psico-nutricional, (76% mujeres) con edad media de 41 ± 9,5 años. El IMC basal medio fue de 42 ± 10 y un 45% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como superobesos (IMC: 56 ± 6). La media de exceso de peso perdido (EPP) fue de 77%. Según el EPP se clasificaron como "exitosos" (E) a 17 pacientes (59%) y "no exitosos" a 13 (41%). De los pacientes catalogados como E, el 94% paso por TCC (15 individuos de los 17 totales) comparados con solo el 12% que no la recibió (2 individuos de los 17 totales) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Asimismo, se observo menor incidencia de trastornos psicológicos comparados con los NE. En concreto, resultaron estar significativamente menos ansiosos y estresados y tener mayor autoestima (P < 0,05). En cuanto a la psicopatología específica, por un lado, el ansia por la comida guiada por el hambre, la pérdida de control sobre la ingesta alimentaria y el sentimiento de culpa fue menor en los pacientes que lograron >50% de EPP (p < 0,04, p < 0,001, y p < 0,001, respectivamente). También se observó que este grupo de pacientes hacían menos planes para comer y comían menos por refuerzo positivo (p < 0,03 y p < 0,000, respectivamente) que el grupo de pacientes NE. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que lograron resultados exitosos en la evolución de la perdida de peso a los dos años de CB son en su mayoría (94%) aquellos que recibieron TCC, presentando menor comorbilidad psicológica que los NE. La TCC podría influir positivamente en los resultados postoperatorios (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the success of postoperative weight loss after 2 years of CB. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in consecutive patients with morbid obesity aged between 18 and 59 yrs and enrolled in the bariatric surgery program of the Obesity Surgery Unit of our hospital from June 2007 through June 2010, with two years postoperative follow-up. Participants were divided into two groups according to their participation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or not. Over a 3-month period, CBT was applied in 12 2-h sessions. The main dependent variables studied were body weight and height, from which we calculated BMI and percentage of excess weight lost (weight lost x 100)/(initial weight-ideal weight), classifying patients as successful (E ) those with EPP > 50%, and unsuccessful (NE) those with EPP <50%. Participants were also, assessed for general (stress, anxiety, depression and self-esteem) and specific (binge eating and food craving) psychopathology. Results: Of the 35 patients with bariatric surgery, 30 responded postoperative evaluations, 16 underwent CBT before CB and 14 underwent surgery without receiving psycho-nutritional therapy, (76% female) with a mean age of 41 ± 9.5 years. The mean baseline BMI was 42 ± 10 and 45% of patients were classified as super obese (BMI: 56 ± 6). Mean excess weight loss (EPP) was 77%. According to the EPP were classified as "successful" (S) (59%) and "unsuccessful" (U) (41%). Of the patients assigned to S, 94% received CBT (15 individuals of 17 total), compared with only 12% who did not receive (2 individuals of the 17 total) with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Also, the S patients appeared to be significantly less anxious and stressed and have higher self-esteem (P < 0.05). Regarding specific psychopathology, the food craving guided by hunger, loss of control over food intake and guilt was lower in patients who achieved > 50% of EPP (p < 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was also noted that these patients were plans to eat less and ate less for positive reinforcement (p < 0.03 and p < 0.000, respectively) than the patient group NE. Conclusions: Patients who achieved successful results in the evolution of weight loss at two years of CB are mostly (94%) who received CBT, presenting lower psychological comorbidity than NE. CBT could positively influence postoperative outcomes (AU)

[Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on weight loss after two years of bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients]. / Efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual en la pérdida de peso tras dos años de cirugía bariátrica en pacientes con obesidad mórbida.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in the success of postoperative weight loss after 2 years of CB. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in consecutive patients with morbid obesity aged between 18 and 59 yrs and enrolled in the bariatric surgery program of the Obesity Surgery Unit of our hospital from June 2007 through June 2010, with two years postoperative follow-up. Participants were divided into two groups according to their participation in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or not. Over a 3-month period, CBT was applied in 12 2-h sessions. The main dependent variables studied were body weight and height, from which we calculated BMI and percentage of excess weight lost (weight lost x 100)/(initial weight-ideal weight), classifying patients as successful (E ) those with EPP > 50%, and unsuccessful (NE) those with EPP <50%. Participants were also, assessed for general (stress, anxiety, depression and self-esteem) and specific (binge eating and food craving) psychopathology. RESULTS: Of the 35 patients with bariatric surgery, 30 responded postoperative evaluations, 16 underwent CBT before CB and 14 underwent surgery without receiving psycho-nutritional therapy, (76% female) with a mean age of 41 ± 9.5 years. The mean baseline BMI was 42 ± 10 and 45% of patients were classified as super obese (BMI: 56 ± 6). Mean excess weight loss (EPP) was 77%. According to the EPP were classified as "successful" (S) (59%) and "unsuccessful" (U) (41%). Of the patients assigned to S, 94% received CBT (15 individuals of 17 total), compared with only 12% who did not receive (2 individuals of the 17 total) with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Also, the S patients appeared to be significantly less anxious and stressed and have higher self-esteem (P < 0.05). Regarding specific psychopathology, the food craving guided by hunger, loss of control over food intake and guilt was lower in patients who achieved > 50% of EPP (p < 0.04, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). It was also noted that these patients were plans to eat less and ate less for positive reinforcement (p < 0.03 and p < 0.000, respectively) than the patient group NE. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who achieved successful results in the evolution of weight loss at two years of CB are mostly (94%) who received CBT, presenting lower psychological comorbidity than NE. CBT could positively influence postoperative outcomes.

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual (TCC) en el éxito de la pérdida de peso postoperatoria tras 2 años de CB. Metodología: Estudio observacional prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes entre 18 y 59 años candidatos a CB, entre enero de 2007 y junio de 2010, realizando seguimiento postoperatorio hasta junio de 2012. Se compararon dos grupos de estudio de acuerdo a su participación en TCC o no. Se tomaron datos de peso corporal y estatura, a partir de las cuales se calculó el IMC y porcentaje de exceso de peso perdido (Peso perdido x 100)/(Peso inicial-Peso ideal), clasificando a los pacientes como exitosos (E) los que logaron un EPP > 50% y como no exitosos (NE) aquellos con EPP < 50%. Asimismo se examinaron psicopatología general (estrés, ansiedad, depresión y autoestima) y específica de la conducta alimentaria (trastorno por atracón y ansia por la comida) mediante test validados para población española. Resultados: De los 35 pacientes intervenidos, 30 respondieron a la valoración postcirugía. 16 de ellos pasaron por TCC antes de la CB y 14 fueron intervenidos sin recibir terapia pisco-nutricional, (76% mujeres) con edad media de 41 ± 9,5 años. El IMC basal medio fue de 42 ± 10 y un 45% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como superobesos (IMC: 56 ± 6). La media de exceso de peso perdido (EPP) fue de 77%. Según el EPP se clasificaron como "exitosos" (E) a 17 pacientes (59%) y "no exitosos" a 13 (41%). De los pacientes catalogados como E, el 94% paso por TCC (15 individuos de los 17 totales) comparados con solo el 12% que no la recibió (2 individuos de los 17 totales) con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Asimismo, se observo menor incidencia de trastornos psicológicos comparados con los NE. En concreto, resultaron estar significativamente menos ansiosos y estresados y tener mayor autoestima (P < 0,05). En cuanto a la psicopatología específica, por un lado, el ansia por la comida guiada por el hambre, la pérdida de control sobre la ingesta alimentaria y el sentimiento de culpa fue menor en los pacientes que lograron >50% de EPP (p < 0,04, p < 0,001, y p < 0,001, respectivamente). También se observó que este grupo de pacientes hacían menos planes para comer y comían menos por refuerzo positivo (p < 0,03 y p < 0,000, respectivamente) que el grupo de pacientes NE. Conclusiones: Los pacientes que lograron resultados exitosos en la evolución de la perdida de peso a los dos años de CB son en su mayoría (94%) aquellos que recibieron TCC, presentando menor comorbilidad psicológica que los NE. La TCC podría influir positivamente en los resultados postoperatorios.

[Minimally invasive emergent techniques in obesity treatment]. / Técnicas mínimamente invasivas emergentes en el tratamiento de la obesidad.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic disease for which several modalities of treatment are investigated today. One of them is the set of minimally aggressive techniques that have been added to the intragastric balloon. OBJECTIVE: To review the minimally invasive techniques described in the last years for the treatment of obesity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It consisted in reviewing the bibliography through the habitual finders, in addition to the obtained data of the companies. They are classified in restrictive and malabsortive, and the restrictive are divides in mechanical or functional restriction. RESULT: Between mechanical restrictive the classified as we included in the restrictive emergent techniques the adjustable intragastric balloon, the intragastric prosthesis, the vertical endoluminal gastroplasty and the transoral gastroplasty. In order to obtain a functional restriction, we have the gastric pacemaker and the botulinic toxin. And finally, the endoluminal duodenojejunal bypass is described as a malabsortive technique. DISCUSSION: With less than 10 years of existence, it seems that the described techniques compensate their smaller effectiveness compared to the surgical techniques, with the absence of substantial modifications in the anatomy of the alimentary tract. None of these techniques is free of risks and complications.

Técnicas mínimamente invasivas emergentes en el tratamiento de la obesidad / Minimally invasive emergent techniques in obesity treatment

Introducción: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica para la que se investigan hoy múltiples caminos terapéuticos. Uno de ellos es el conjunto de técnicas poco agresivas que se han sumado al balón intragástrico. Objetivo: Revisar las técnicas mínimamente invasivas descritas en los últimos años para el tratamiento de la obesidad. Material y método: Se procede a revisar toda la bibliografía asequible a través de los buscadores habituales, además de la información obtenida de las casas comerciales. Se clasifican en restrictivas y malabsortivas, y las primeras en restricción mecánica o funcional. Resultado: Entre las técnicas emergentes clasificadas como restrictivas mecánicas incluimos el balón intragástrico ajustable, la prótesis intragástrica, la gastroplastia vertical endoluminal y la gastroplastia transoral. Para obtener una restricción funcional, tenemos el marcapaso gástrico y la toxina botulínica. Y por último, se describe el by-pass duodenoyeyunal endoluminal que sería una técnica malabsortiva. Discusión: Con menos de 10 años de existencia, parece que las técnicas descritas compensan su menor eficacia frente a las técnicas quirúrgicas, con la ausencia de modificaciones sustanciales en la anatomía del tubo digestivo. Ninguna de estas técnicas está exenta de riesgos y complicaciones. Conclusión: Tal como ya manifestó la SAGES en 2009, estas técnicas parecen tener un futuro prometedor, pero la escasez de datos actuales no nos permiten aún confirmar su utilidad en el tratamiento de la obesidad (AU)

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease for which several modalities of treatment are investigated today. One of them is the set of minimally aggressive techniques that have been added to the intragastric balloon. Objective: To review the minimally invasive techniques described in the last years for the treatment of obesity. Material and method: It consisted in reviewing the bibliography through the habitual finders, in addition to the obtained data of the companies. They are classified in restrictive and malabsortive, and the restrictive are divides in mechanical or functional restriction. Result: Between mechanical restrictive the classified as we included in the restrictive emergent techniques the adjustable intragastric balloon, the intragastric prosthesis, the vertical endoluminal gastroplasty and the transoral gastroplasty. In order to obtain a functional restriction, we have the gastric pacemaker and the botulinic toxin. And finally, the endoluminal duodenojejunal bypass is described as a malabsortive technique. Discussion: With less than 10 years of existence, it seems that the described techniques compensate their smaller effectiveness compared to the surgical techniques, with the absence of substantial modifications in the anatomy of the alimentary tract. None of these techniques is free of risks and complications (AU)

[Informed consent in the intragastric balloon supported by SENPE, SEEDO, SEN and SECO: legal aspects]. / Consentimiento informado en el balón intragástrico avalado por SENPE, SEEDO, SEN y SECO: aspectos médico-legales.

INTRODUCTION: Intra-gastric balloon (IGB) is an invasive, temporary, non-surgical technique for the treatment of obesity. Its outcomes mainly depend on the patient's collaboration. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to adapt the informed consent used for bariatric surgery to a method that has especial characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used the informed consent proposed by ASAC for bariatric surgery and 8 statements related to IGB included in the WESTLAW ES database. RESULTS: The review of the statements defines the IGB treatment as a curative-intended and non-satisfactive therapy with an obligation of the means used, but not the outcomes, by the treating physician. Moreover, the obligations of providing a correct and complete information -which includes the dietary regime- should be observed, as well as the possible therapeutic alternatives and finally, the proceeding used should be in written. CONCLUSIONS: The informed consent is a medico-legal document which content should consider the latest jurisprudence on the minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of obesity.

Consentimiento informado en el balón intragástrico avalado por SENPE, SEEDO, SEN y SECO; aspectos médico-legales / Informed consent in the intragastric balloon supported by SENPE, SEEDO, SEN and SECO; legal aspects

Introducción: El Balón Intragástrico (BIG) es una técnica invasiva, no quirúrgica, de carácter temporal, para el tratamiento de la obesidad, cuyos resultados dependen en gran medida de la colaboración del paciente. Objetivo: El objetivo es adaptar el Consentimiento Informado propio de la cirugía bariátrica, a un método que reviste las características especiales descritas. Material y método: Se utiliza el Consentimiento Informado propuesto por la ASAC para cirugía bariátrica, así como 8 sentencias relacionadas con el BIG tal como se hallan en la base de datos WESTLAW ES. Resultado: La revisión de las sentencias define el tratamiento mediante BIB como tratamiento con intención curativa y no satisfactiva, con obligación de medios aunque no de resultados, por parte del médico tratante. Se han de respetar además las obligaciones de una información correcta y completa -incluyendo las pautas dietéticas a seguir-, así como de las alternativas terapéuticas posibles, y por fin, de una constancia del proceso por escrito. Conclusiones: El Consentimiento Informado es un importante documento médico-legal cuyo contenido debe tener en cuenta la jurisprudencia recientemente aparecida en el campo de las técnicas mínimamente invasivas para el tratamiento de la obesidad (AU)

Introduction: Intra-gastric balloon (IGB) is an invasive, temporary, non-surgical technique for the treatment of obesity. Its outcomes mainly depend on the patient's collaboration. Objective: The aim was to adapt the informed consent used for bariatric surgery to a method that has especial characteristics. Materials and methods: We used the informed consent proposed by ASAC for bariatric surgery and 8 statements related to IGB included in the WESTLAW ES database. Results: The review of the statements defines the IGB treatment as a curative-intended and non-satisfactive therapy with an obligation of the means used, but not the outcomes, by the treating physician. Moreover, the obligations of providing a correct and complete information -which includes the dietary regime- should be observed, as well as the possible therapeutic alternatives and finally, the proceeding used should be in written. Conclusions: The informed consent is a medico-legal document which content should consider the latest jurisprudence on the minimally invasive techniques for the treatment of obesity (AU)

Psychological characteristics of morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery.

BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity has multiple negative consequences for psychological health. These patients are described as depressed, anxious, and impulsive, with low self-esteem and impaired quality of life. The severity of these psychological disorders has been related to the degree of obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychopathological characteristics of obese candidates for bariatric surgery, determining differences and similarities in general and specific psychopathologic symptoms among patients with different degrees of obesity and normal-weight individuals. METHODS: The study included 50 patients (26 type III obesity, 24 type IV obesity) and 25 normal-weight volunteers. They were all assessed for: stress (CED44-B), anxiety-depression (General Health Questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), family function (Apgar Family Function Questionnaire), quality of life (Spanish version of the Quality of Life Index), personality (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised), food craving (Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait), and eating behavior disorder (EBD) symptomatology (Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire Version-4). RESULTS: The obese patients had higher levels of stress, anxiety, depression, food craving, and EBD symptoms and lower levels of self-esteem and quality of life compared with normal-weight controls. No personality or family function disorders were observed in any of the obese or normal-weight subjects. Patients with type III and type IV obesity differed only in anxiety and personality findings. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of psychological disorders cannot be taken as an absolute criterion for exclusion of candidates for obesity surgery, a better understanding of the relationship of these variables with weight loss and other outcomes of bariatric surgery may improve patient selection and facilitate more appropriate interventions.

[Intragastric balloon in obesity treatment]. / Balón intragástrico en el tratamiento de la obesidad.

Obesity is considered a chronic and epidemic illness, hece difficult to treat. As conservative treatment has a high rate of failure, and considering morbimortality and sequels of surgery, less invasive techniques appeared to contribute to the treatment of this illness. The most implanted technique nowadays is the Intragastric Balloon, considered more efficient as conservative treatments and with less risks tan surgery, but having today a lack of consensus on indications and few information on his limitations, while its apparition in medias promote an important expansion in the 4 last years. In this publication, we do a critical revision, and describe limitations of this treatment, based on the evidences given by literature. We conclude this revision with some recommendations concerning the technique and indications, material and human requiring, need of a Multidisciplinary Team, as well as an adequate control and following.

Balón intragástrico en el tratamiento de la obesidad / Intragastric balloon in obesity treatment

La obesidad es considerada una enfermedad crónica, epidémica, y de difícil tratamiento. Ante el alto índice de fracasos de los métodos conservadores, y por otra parte, la inevitable morbimortalidad y secuelas ligadas a la cirugía, surgen nuevas técnicas poco invasivas destinadas a contribuir al tratamiento de esta enfermedad. La más implantada actualmente es el Balón Intragástrico, considerado más eficaz que el tratamiento conservador, con menos riesgo que la cirugía pero que adolece adía de hoy de una falta de consenso sobre sus indicaciones y escasa información sobre sus limitaciones, al tiempo que su aparición mediática ha propiciado su gran difusión en los 4 últimos años. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión crítica y se señalan las limitaciones de este tratamiento con base a la evidencia aportada por los estudios publicados hasta la fecha. Como conclusión de dicha revisión, se emiten una serie de recomendaciones respecto a la técnica y sus indicaciones, requisitos materiales y humanos, necesidad de Equipo Multidisciplinar así como del control y seguimiento Adecuados (AU)

Obesity is considered a chronic and epidemic illness, and difficult to treat. As conservative treatment has a high rate of failure, and considering morbimortality and sequels of surgery, less invasive techniques appeared to contribute to the treatment of this illness. The most implanted technique nowadays is the Intragastric Balloon, considered more efficient as conservative treatments and with less risks tan surgery, but having today a lack of consensus on indications and few information on his limitations, while its apparition in medias promote an important expansion in the 4 last years. In this publication, we do a critical revision, and describe limitations of this treatment, based on the evidences given by literature. We conclude this revision with some recommendations concerning the technique and indications, material and human requiring, need of a Multidisciplinary Team, as well as an adequate control and following (AU)