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Background: Despite concerted efforts in South America, these diseases continue to pose a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. This study aimed to analyse hospital data and investigate the hospitalisation rates of dengue fever, leishmaniasis, and malaria in Ecuador between 2015 and 2022. Methods: Open-access databases from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Ecuador between 2015 and 2022 were analysed. Data were filtered using specific terms for each disease (ICD-10), and descriptive statistics of geographical distributions were calculated using Microsoft Excel, Stata 14.2, and Rstudio. Results: Dengue had the highest burden, with 31,616 reported cases, followed by malaria (1,316) and leishmaniasis (283). From 2015 to 2022, the highest hospitalisation rate per 105 inhabitants for dengue was observed in Sucumbios province (697.2), for malaria in Pastaza province (108.4), and for leishmaniasis in Morona Santiago province (18.8). The data's trend analysis revealed a slight increase in dengue and mild downward trends in hospitalisation for malaria and leishmaniasis. Conclusions: The results suggest that vector-borne disease control has failed in Ecuador. Unfortunately, there was no significant trend towards a decrease in dengue, malaria, and leishmaniasis in Ecuador during the years studied. This study highlights the need to optimise sustainable vector control programs and emphasises continuous monitoring of disease incidence and control measures.
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INTRODUCTION: Curvularia hawaiiensis (formerly Bipolaris hawaiiensis) is a plant pathogen often isolated from soil and vegetative material. However, only a few cases of opportunistic invasive infections in humans have been described. CASE: A 16-year-old female patient without comorbidities was admitted to the emergency department because of fever and chest pain. We described the first coinfection of Curvularia hawaiiensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis necrotising pneumonia. DISCUSSION: Multiple infections can alter immune responses. However, immunosuppression is the most critical risk factor for infection with species of the genus Curvularia. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully examine patients with tuberculosis, as they may rarely be coinfected with unusual fungi.
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Ascaríase , Coinfecção , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Pneumonia Necrosante , Humanos , Adolescente , Curvularia , Coinfecção/diagnósticoRESUMO
Abstract Mycetoma is a chronic and slow-developing granulomatous disease characterized by the triad of large painless tumour-like subcutaneous swellings, the formation of sinuses, and discharge that usually contains grains. Phellinus spp. are saprophytic wood-decaying filamentous basidiomycetes. They are an under-recognised cause of invasive fungal infections and are rarely reported worldwide. We report a 59-year-old male patient with mycetoma caused by Phellinus spp. The diagnosis was confirmed with clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, soft tissue and bone biopsy culture, and polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of mycetoma due to Phellinus spp. without chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
Resumen El micetoma es una enfermedad granulomatosa crónica y de lento desarrollo caracterizada por la tríada de grandes inflamaciones subcutáneas similares a tumores indoloras, la formación de los senos nasales y secreción que generalmente contiene granos. Phellinus spp. son basidiomicetos filamentosos saprofitos que descomponen la madera. Son un poco reconocido causa de infecciones fúngicas invasivas y rara vez se informan en todo el mundo. Presentamos un paciente masculino de 59 años con micetoma causado por Phellinus spp. El diagnostico se confirmó con examen clínico, estudio de resonancia magnética (RM), cultivo de biopsia de tejido blando y óseo y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. A lo mejor que sepamos, este es el primer caso reportado de micetoma debido a Phellinus spp. sin enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (EGC).
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Basidiomycota , Phellinus , Micetoma , Brasil , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , MicosesRESUMO
Introducción: Los virus de RNA son conocidos por tener altas tasas de variabilidad genética. El SARS-CoV-2 ha producido diversas variantes en la actualidad que pueden cambiar la presentación clínica. Se presenta el primer caso clínico de la variante B.1.1.7 con estado clínico crítico en un paciente pediátrico y nos alerta sobre la vigilancia de nuevas variantes y la relación de casos críticos en pacientes pediátricos. Caso clínico: Paciente pediátrica con antecedente de parálisis cerebral infantil, atrofia subcortical severa completa, síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut y neumonía recurrente. Presentó una evolución tórpida con necesidad de terapia intensiva por SDRA en relación con la variante B 1.1.7 del SARS-CoV-2. Evolución: Inicialmente fue atendido en un hospital privado, en el cual debido al SDRA necesitó de cuidados intensivos, fue trasladado a un hospital público en el cual posterior a 38 días fue dada de alta por evolución favorable de su cuadro infeccioso. Conclusión: Las nuevas variantes de SARS-CoV-2 pueden mostrar nuevos comportamientos clínicos. A pesar de los antecedentes del paciente estudiado, no se había observado previamente una evolución clínica hacia síntomas graves en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19. Eso podría estar relacionado con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 variante B.1.1.7 que presentó este paciente.
Introduction: RNA viruses are known to have a high genetic variability. To date, SARS-CoV-2 has produced several variants that can change the clinical presentation of COVID-19. The first clinical case of variant B.1.1.7 with a critical clinical status in a pediatric patient is presented. It indicates that surveillance of new variants and their relationship to critical cases in pediatric patients are required. Clinical case: A pediatric patient with a history of infantile cerebral palsy, complete severe subcortical atrophy, Lennox−Gastaut syndrome, and recurrent pneumonia. She had a slow evolution requiring intensive therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that was related to SARS-CoV-2 variant B 1.1.7. Evolution: Initially, she was treated at a private hospital because she required intensive care due to ARDS, and she was then transferred to a public hospital. She was discharged after 35 days due to a favorable evolution of her infectious etiology. Conclusions: New SARS-CoV-2 variants may show new clinical behaviors. Despite this patient's history, a clinical course towards severe symptoms had not been previously observed in pediatric patients with COVID-19. The severe symptoms could be related to the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 infection in this patient.