[A study of spontaneous regeneration of defected short nerve gaps in rats]. / Estudio de la regeneración espontánea en defectos nerviosos de poca longitud en ratas.

Nerve trunk gaps can be repaired with different anastomosis methods. We investigate if spontaneous regeneration can yield results similar to artificial repair, and have compared the degree of nerve regeneration in nerve defects of extratemporal facial nerve trunk in Wistar rats. The lesions measured 4 millimeters long. Three groups were studied: 0. Normal nerve (control). 1. No treatment (therapeutic abstention). 2. Autografts. The considered parameters were: clinical outcome (degree of postoperative facial function, aspect of the defectuous region, nerve conduction latency, and number of axons that managed to penetrate the defect as well as their morphometric characteristics (nerve area). Our conclusion is that in this model placement of autografts yielded significantly better results in all the parameters studied, in spite of the scant defect length. These results likewise allow us to use this model to compare repair by means of different graft types.

[Total glossectomy without laryngectomy. Surgical techniques and its controversies]. / Glosectomía total sin laringuectomía. Técnica quirúrgica y controversias.

UNLABELLED: Total glossectomy is the procedure for entire removal of the tongue, practice considered as one of the most mutilating possible done in head and neck surgery. Vital functions altered after tongue resection are: mastication, language and swallowing. It's controversial the role played by total laryngectomy considering the definitive split of respiratory and digestive tracts. Some AA. perform apart both ectomies pending of the suitable rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: Report of a case of glossectomy recently operated maintaining the larynx and review the several operative steps, the complications until satisfactory swallow was achieved and perusal of literature on this controversial subject.

[Repair of facial nerve gaps with cryopreserved allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A]. / Reparación de lesiones del nervio facial mediante aloinjertos criopreservados en ratas inmunodeprimidas con ciclosporina A.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of peripheral nerve allografts pretreated utilizing cold storage and cyclosporin A to improve the facial nerve regeneration in Wistar rat. Three groups were designed: Normal Wistar rats. 4 millimeters nerve gaps repaired with cryopreserved nerve allografts. 4 millimeters nerve gaps repaired with cryopreserved nerve grafts and treated with cyclosporin A. At 16 weeks post-engraftment the animals were evaluated: Facial palsy grading system. Electrophysiologic latency. Axonal counting. Nervous fiber area immediately distal to the graft. The facial function of the experimental groups was similar to the control rats while the latency and morphometric parameters was poor than the normal rats. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Cryopreserved nerve allografts in facial nerve repair in rats are useful in the aquisition of a facial functional nerve recovery as much in immunosuppressed animal as not. 2. Cryopreservation of nerve allografts results a good method of storage of nerve grafts. 3. Cyclosporin A immunosuppression improved not much the grading facial palsy in this model but the electrophysiologic and morphometry is significantly better.

[Evaluation methods of the degree of regeneration after experimental nerve repair. Evaluation model for the facial nerve in rats]. / Métodos de evaluación del grado de regeneración tras reparación nerviosa experimental. Valoración de un modelo en el nervio facial de la rata.

The AA. after sever the facial nerve trunk of Wistar mice (so interrupting its path owing to the loss of about 4 mm of its anatomical continuity) repair the faulty portion with several grafts, and 4 months later consider the gained results achieved in each of the following parameters: functional, morphological, biochemical and electrophysiological and, finally, compare the own outcomes with bibliographic references of literature regarding this subject.

Reparación de lesiones del nervio facial mediante aloinjertos criopreservados en ratas inmunodeprimidas con ciclosporina A / Reparation of facial nerve gaps with cryopreserved allografts in rats immunosuppressed with ciclosporin A

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar el papel de la inmunodepresión con ciclosporina A en la reparación de un defecto nervioso en el tronco del nervio facial de la rata con aloinjertos criopreservados. El defecto nervioso, en el tronco extratemporal del nervio facial de la rata Wistar tenía 4 mm de longitud. Diseñamos 3 grupos:- Control normal.- Reparación con aloinjertos criopreservados.- Reparación con aloinjertos criopreservados e inmunodepresión con ciclosporina A. Métodos de evaluación de la regeneración tras 4 meses:- Grado clínico de función.- Latencia de conducción.- Contaje de axones.- Area media de las fibras nerviosas en el tronco nervioso distal al injerto. El grado de función facial en los 2 grupos reparados era muy similar al normal en cuanto a motilidad facial pero los resultados electrofisiológicos y morfométricos diferían de manera significativa respecto al nervio normal. Las conclusiones a las que llegamos fueron las siguientes:1. La utilización de aloinjertos criopreservados en animales inmunodeprimidos o no, logra la adquisición de una función facial clínicamente valorada como buena o muy buena.2. La criopreservación de injertos nerviosos alógenos resulta un proceso de almacenamiento de tejidos útil para reparar lesiones nerviosas. Los injertos así conservados llegan a alcanzar resultados clínicamente satisfactorios en el modelo que hemos utilizado.3. La inmunosupresión de ratas portadoras de aloinjertos con ciclosporina A acarrea la aparición de una función facial que mejora poco la lograda con los otros injertos en este modelo experimental. Los parámetros histológicos y morfométricos se asemejan en mayor medida a los nervios normales (AU)

The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of peripheral nerve allografts pretreated utilizing cold storage and cyclosporin A to improve the facial nerve regeneration in Wistar rat. Three groups were designed: Normal Wistar rats. 4 millimeters nerve gaps repaired with cryopreserved nerve allografts. 4 millimeters nerve gaps repaired with cryopreserved nerve grafts and treated with cyclosporin A. At 16 weeks post-engraftment the animals were evaluated: Facial palsy grading system. Electrophysiologic latency. Axonal counting. Nervous fiber area immediately distal to the graft. The facial function of the experimental groups was similar to the control rats while the latency and morphometric parameters was poor than the normal rats. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Cryopreserved nerve allografts in facial nerve repair in rats are useful in the aquisition of a facial functional nerve recovery as much in immunosuppressed animal as not. 2. Cryopreservation of nerve allografts results a good method of storage of nerve grafts. 3. Cyclosporin A immunosuppression improved not much the grading facial palsy in this model but the electrophysiologic and morphometry is significantly better (AU)

[Cryopreservation of neural allografts for the nerve reconstruction in experimental surgery]. / Criopreservación de aloneuroinjertos para reconstrucción nerviosa en cirugía experimental.

The possibility of clinical employment of nervous allografts depends on the likehood of its storage and also of the need of decreasing its antigenecity. We report our methodology for cryo-preservation and storage of nervous grafts, in view of animal experimentation as well as a re-examination of other methods in order to remember grafts storages done in previous epochs.

[Reconstruction of nasogenial defects using a triangular nasolabial advancement flap]. / Reconstrucción de defectos nasogenianos mediante colgajo triangular de avanzamiento nasolabial.

We describe our preferred method for repairing cutaneous defects after the excision of basal cell carcinoma of the nasogenial region, a triangular subcutaneous pedicle flap. This flap is easily dissected and handled. It is suitable for the repair of defects of the lateral wall of the nose, medial cheek and upper lip.

Reconstrucción de defectos nasogenianos mediante colgajo triangular de avanzamiento nasolabial / Reconstruction of nasogenial defects using a triangular nasolabial advancement flap

Se presenta nuestro método preferido de reparación de defectos de la región nasogeniana tras exéresis de tumores cutáneos. Hemos encontrado que el colgajo triangular de avanzamiento es de fácil disección y manipulación y nos permite reconstruir defectos de la pared lateral de la nariz así como lesiones mediales o supramediales de la mejilla así como lesiones de la región del labio superior. Presentamos un caso clínico donde hemos utilizado este colgajo random (AU)

We describe our preferred method for repairing cutaneous defects after the excision of basal cell carcinoma of the nasogenial region, a triangular subcutaneous pedicle flap. This flap is easily dissected and handled. It is suitable for the repair of defects of the lateral wall of the nose, medial cheek and upper lip (AU)

[Hypoacusis and diabetes type II]. / Hipoacusia en diabetes mellitus tipo II.

The relation between diabetes mellitus and hypoacusis is discussed since Jordao, who firstly pointed out to this association in 1854. The disparity of results according several studies are due, after other AA., to the heterogeneous of groups considered. Our study was done resorting to a patients selection and their classification in 2 homogeneous groups following different parameters: age; sex; years of course; verified angiopathic complications: peripheric vasculopathy, microalbuminuria, altered creatinine clearance; malady control: glycosylated hemoglobin. The task consisted in the study of audiometric tracings in 40 patients in order to verify statistic differences of auditive thresholds between the established groups. These courses corresponding to a sensorineural hearing loss with a deep in high tones. But no significatively worse thresholds in patients suffering other angiopathic disorders were detected.

[Morphological and morphometric study of sphenoidal sinus]. / Estudio morfológico y morfométrico del seno esfenoidal.

Thanks to the help of anatomical dissections and imaging techniques we way present this paper in which are described the morphologic characteristics of the sinus, its pneumatization types more frequently encountered, the traits more noteworthy related to the intersinusal partition and bone crests inside the sinus as well the distances detaching the sinus from the anterior wall of the sella turcica and clivus, through which wall the sinus cavity keeps in touch with noble cranial structures as the hypophysis and the brain stem. Ultimately our outcomes are compared with those given by other researchers.

[Chronological development of the sphenoidal sinus]. / Desarrollo cronológico del seno esfenoidal.

In this paper are exposed the main characteristics of the sphenoidal sinus rise, through a follow-up of its growth during the life-span of the first 20 years of life. For so doing the AA. studied the antero-posterior diameters, the vertical greatest diameter and the several distances detaching this sinus from other important anatomical references, as well the various degrees of pneumatization that the cavity may reach according as the years go over.

[Upper aerodigestive infections and their effect on sphenoidal sinus development]. / Influencia de las infecciones de las vías aerodigestivas altas sobre el desarrollo del seno esfenoidal.

Paranasal sinuses development and its ultimate mode of happening as well, has been the purpose of numerous hypotheses, that can be synthetized in this two: One which sees the pneumatization as mechanical event resulting from muscular tractions exerted on the sphenoidal sinus walls and another one supposing the pneumatization as an active phenomenon due to the osteoclastic potential of the same respiratory mucous membrane. In this work were employed 200 radiogramms belonging both to patients suffering chronic ENT infections and subjects without antecedents. The conclusion drawn out are that chronic infections do not modify the percentage of pneumatization types, but reduce the anteroposterior maximal diameter.

[Mucocele of maxillary sinus]. / Mucocele del seno maxilar.

The term mucocele designates a cyst developing from a sinus mucosa, generally the frontal and/or ethmoidal sinuses. Maxillary sinus localization is exceptional however and raises numerous diagnostic problems in daily practice. The antral mucoceles are potentially destructive lesions, often secondary to Caldwell-Luc procedure. In this article are described in some detail the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of true antral mucoceles.

[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx. A case report and review of literature]. / Carcinoma mucoepidermoide de laringe. Aportación de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

A new case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the larynx is presented. The microscopic differential diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, the several cells stem with its malignancy degrees and its repercussion on prognostic and possible treatments of this rare growth are stressed. A review of the literature is set aside.

[Diabetic complications and hypoacusia]. / Complicaciones diabéticas e hipoacusia.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and hypacusia has been discussed since the work of Jordao, in 1857. Numerous authors are openly pro this viewpoint, whereas other deny it. The hypoacusis is typically bilateral, progressive and of neurosensory nature, affecting the higher frequencies. In the etiologic aspect some authors bet for an angiopathic origin, but others suppose a neuropathic cause. We have achieved a comparative study with the aim to get some conclusions that could enlighten this field. Forty patients with diabetes mellitus type II were audiometrically examinees (at threshold and with supraliminar tests) and the results compared with those of a control group. We also assessed several complications of the disease and their possible report with the auditive impairment (retinopathy and neuropathy). We found out a sensorineural, bilateral and symmetrical hearing impairment. Employing the Man Whitney's U test we compare distinct groups and explain the gained outcomes. Bibliographic review of authors defending the vascular or the nervous starting point.

[Review of epiglottitis]. / Revisión de epiglotitis.

Seven cases of acute epiglottitis in children (mean age 38 months) are reported. The major clinical features are described. The review of the literature on current diagnosis and treatment underlined the value of early orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation when this serious condition is suspected.

[Sudden bilateral deafness as allergic manifestation]. / Sordera brusca bilateral como manifestación alérgica.

The paper reports the case of a young woman who presented with a serious bilateral sudden deafness, after the ingestion of a betalactam antibiotic (known as allergic for her) in association with a mucolytic. Account of the course of the clinical events noticed, which are compared with the findings observed in other scarce publications on sudden deafness linked with allergic reactions. Finally the AA. outline a pathogenetic hypothesis in order to explain these cases of deafness involved with digestive allergic reactions.

[Middle ear pressure changes following adenoidectomy. Contribution to the etiopathogenic study of serous otitis media]. / Modificaciones en la presión del oído medio tras adenoidectomía. Aportación al estudio etiopatogénico de la otitis media seromucosa.

This paper deals in the pursuit done on endotympanic pressures in children operated upon adenoidectomy, a lot of them simultaneously suffering from serious otitis media. The obtained results are compared with those of healthy children, with the aim of set up the pressure changes within the middle ear due to surgery and as well the knowledge of the natural evolvement of the serious otitis. In accordance with date registered and the perusal of the Bibliography at hand, the AA. try to find out the possible influence of the adenoid hypertrophy on this type of otitis. But all without arguing the role played by other causes (split palate, neoplastic obstruction, ciliar dyskinesy, etc.). Finally a new etio-pathogenic mechanism, in order to explain the negative pressures inside the middle ear due to adenoid hyperplasty, is proposed.