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INTRODUCTION: Medical students' academic performance plays an important role in producing qualified graduates who will become great practitioners and workforce for the country's health sector responsible for controlling, diagnosing, and treatment of diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify college facility-related factors affecting medical students' academic performance in the human anatomy course. METHODS: To achieve the objective of this study, a cross-sectional study design was carried out between January 13 and March 30, 2019. One hundred twenty study participants were recruited in the study. Data were collected using self-administered questioners. Binary and multinomial logistic regression were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 120 participants were included in the study. Of which, 81 (67.5%) were male while 39 (32.5%) were females. Dormitory crowdedness (AOR 3.16 (95% CI: 0.83-2.01, p= 0.11), large class size (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.11-4.64 p = 0.005), inadequate classroom facilities (AOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.51-4.91, p = 0.001), low internet access (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.07-3.22, p = 0.015) and inadequate anatomy-teaching model (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.17-6.12, p =0.003) were significantly associated with low performance of students in human anatomy course exam. However, college library (AOR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.1-0.48 p = 0.061) did not show significant association with academic performance (p = 0.61). CONCLUSION: Dormitory crowdedness, large class size, inadequate classroom facilities, low internet access, and inadequate anatomy-teaching models were independent factors, which affect the performance of medical students in the human anatomy course exam. However, there was no significant association between the college library and the performance of study participants in this particular course.
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BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in Africa, the extent of undiagnosed diabetes in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in Africa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), identifying peer-reviewed research studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adult individuals using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. We ran our search from June 1, 2018 to Jun 14, 2020. We extracted relevant data and presented descriptive summaries of the studies in tabular form. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a trim and fill analysis in a random-effects model. RESULTS: Our search identified 1442 studies amongst which 23 articles were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The average pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults was 3.85 (95% CI: 3.10-4.60). The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus based on geographic location was 4.43 (95% CI: 3.12-5.74) in Eastern Africa; 4.72 (95% CI: 2.64-6.80) in Western Africa; 4.27 (95% CI: 1.77-6.76) in Northern Africa and 1.46 (95%CI: 0.57-2.34) in southern Africa respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Africa and suggest that it may be more prevalent in Western Africa than the rest of the regions. Given the high levels of undiagnosed diabetes in the Africa region, more attention should be paid to incorporating diabetes screening and treatment services into existing diabetes related programs to reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed cases.
